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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2010-1170</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-1084</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ В РАЗВИТИИПРОГРЕССИРУЮЩЕЙ МНОГООЧАГОВОЙ ЭНЦЕФАЛОПАТИИПРИ РЕВМАТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯХ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>ZNAChENIE LEKARSTVENNYKh PREPARATOV V RAZVITIIPROGRESSIRUYuShchEY MNOGOOChAGOVOY ENTsEFALOPATIIPRI REVMATIChESKIKh ZABOLEVANIYaKh</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyev</surname><given-names>Yuri Vladimirovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sokrat@irramn.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>08</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>48</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title>№4 (2010)</issue-title><fpage>79</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Муравьев Ю.В., 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муравьев Ю.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muravyev Y.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/1084">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/1084</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Piccinni C., Sacripanti C., Poluzzi E. et al. Stronger association of drug-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with biological immunomodulating agents. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berger J.R. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Handb Clin Neurol 2007;85:169-83.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boren E.J., Cheema G.S., Naguwa S.M. et al. The emergence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in rheumatic diseases. J Autoimmun 2008;30:90-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Padgett B.L., Walker D.L., ZuRhein G.M. et al. Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1971;1:1257-60.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shimono T., Miki Y., Toyoda H. et al. MR imaging with quantitative diffusion mapping of tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity in organ transplant patients. Eur Radiol 2003;13:986-93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calabrese L.H., Molloy E.S. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in the rheumatic diseases: assessing the risks of biological immunosuppressive therapies. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67(Suppl. 3):64-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calabrese L.H., Molloy E.S., Huang D.R. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatic diseases: Evolving clinical and pathologic patterns of disease. Arthr Rheum 2007;57:2116-28.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Itoh K., Kano T., Nagashio C. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:1020-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reilmann R., Imai T., Ringelstein E.B. et al. Remission of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in SLE after treatment with cidofovir: a 4 year follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:1304-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vandecasteele S.J., Maes B., Claes K. et al. High anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20:1246-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warnatz K., Peter H.H., Schumacher M. et al. Infectious CNS disease as a differential diagnosis in systemic rheumatic diseases: three case reports and a review of the literature. Ann Rheum. Dis 2003;62:50-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;White R.P., Abraham S., Singhal S. et al. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy isolated to the posterior fossa in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:826-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Henderson R.D., Smith M.G., Mowat P., Read S.J. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 2002;58:1825.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Salmaggi A., Maccagnano E., Castagna A. et al. Reversal of CSF positivity for JC virus genome by cidofovir in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurol Sci 2001;22:17-20.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arbusow V., Strupp M., Pfister H.W. et al. Contrast enhancement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a predictive factor for long-term survival? J Neurol 2000;247:306-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ahmed F., Aziz T., Kaufman L.D. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1999;26:1609-12.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kinoshita M., Iwana K., Shinoura H. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy resembling central nervous system systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998;16:313-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vollmer-Haase J., Young P., Ringelstein E.B. Efficacy of camptothecin in progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1997;349:1366.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 20-1995. A 66-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with adrenocorticosteroids, with the development of aphasia and right-sided weakness. N Eng J Med 1995;332:1773-80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tomura N., Watanabe M., Kato T. et al. Case report: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with prominent medullary veins on angiogram. Clin Radiol 1994;49:66-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hseuh C., Reyes C.V. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Am Fam Physician 1988;37:129-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Newton P., Aldridge R.D., Lessells A.M., Best P.V. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 1986;29:337-43.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Krupp L.B., Lipton R.B., Swerdlow M.L. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. Ann Neurol 1985;17:344-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jones H.R., Hedley-Whyte E.T.,Freidberg S.R. et al. Primary cerebellopontine progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy diagnosed premortem by cerebellar biopsy. Ann Neurol 1982;11:199-202.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Malas D., Weiss S. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cryptococcal meningitis with systemic lupus erythematosus and thymoma. Ann Neurol 1977;1:188-91.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weiner L., Herndon R.M., Narayan O. et al. Isolation of virus related to SV40 from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Eng J Med 1972;286:385-90.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slooff J.L. Two cases of progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy with unusual aspects. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 1966;69:461-74.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rankin E., Scaravilli F. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis. J Rheumatol 1995;22:777-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sponzilli E.E., Smith J.K., Malamud N., McCulloch J.R. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a complication of immunosuppressive treatment. Neurology 1975;25:664-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wang H.Y. Pathologic quiz case: a 54- year-old deceased man with diffuse subcortical lesions of the central nervous system. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004;128:70-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pagnoux C., Hayem G., Roux F. et al. JC virus leukoencephalopathy complicating Wegener's granulomatosis. Joint Bone Spine 2003;70:376-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Morgenstern L.B., Pardo C.A. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis. J Rheumatol 1995;22:1593-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choy D.S., Weiss A., Lin P.T. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis. JAMA 1992;268:600-1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vulliemoz S., Lurati-Ruiz F., Borruat F.X. et al. Favourable outcome of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in two patients with dermatomyositis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:1079-82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cuevas L.A., Fuchs H.A. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and immunosuppression [letter]. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:112-3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tubridy N., Wells C., Lewis D., Schon F. Unsuccessful treatment with cidofovir and cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with dermatomyositis. J R Soc Med 2000;93:374-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gentile S., Sacerdote I., Roccatello D., Giordana M.T. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during cyclosporine treatment: a case report. Ital J Neurol Sci 1996;17:363-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richardson E.P., Johnson P.C. Atypical progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with plasma-cell infiltrates. Acta Neuropathol 1975;6(Suppl.):247-50.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hahn J.S., Harris B.T., Gutierrez K., Sandborg C. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a 15-year-old boy with scleroderma and secondary amyloidosis. Pediatrics 1998;102:1475-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Molloy E.S., Calabrese L.H. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: A national estimate of frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases. Arthr Rheum 2009;60: 3761-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lima M.A., Hanto D.W., Curry M.P. et al. Atypical radiological presentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following liver transplantation. J Neurovirol 2005;11:46-50.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cocito D., Bergamasco B., Tavella A. et al. Multifocal motor neuropathy during treatment with infliximab. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005;10:386-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Roos J.C., Ostor A.J. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy and the risk of JC virus infection. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:381-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mohan N., Edwards E.T., Cupps T.R. et al. Demyelination occurring during antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthr Rheum 2001;44:2862-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carson K.R., Focosi D., Major E.O. et al. Monoclonal antibody-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in patients treated with rituximab, natalizumab, and efalizumab: Review from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:816-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Molloy E.S., Calabrese L.H. Therapy: Targeted but not trouble-free: efalizumab and PML. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009;5:418-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calabrese L.H., Molloy E.S. Therapy: rituximab and PML risk-informed decisions needed! Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009;5:528-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Van Assche G., van Ranst M., Sciot R. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn's disease. N Eng J Med 2005;353:362-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genain C.P., Islar J., Morgan K. et al. Notalizumab-induced immunosupression in a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2005;58(Suppl. 9):25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wachi K., Prasertsuntarasai T., Kishimoto M., Uramoto K. T-cell lymphopenia associated with infliximab and cyclophosphamide. Am J Med Sci 2005;330:48-51.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rudick R.A., Stuart W.H., Calabresi P.A. et al. Natalizumab plus interferon -1a for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Eng J Med 2006;354:911-23.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yamamoto M., Takahashi H., Wakasugi H. et al. Leukoencephalopathy during administration of etanercept for refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2007;17:72-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kobayashi K., Okamoto Y., Inoe H. et al. Leukoencephalopathy with cognitive impairment following tozilizumab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Inter Med 2009;48:1307-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fleischman R.M. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following rituximab treatment in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2009;60:3225-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;US Food and Drug Administration.Reporting by health professionals. URL:http:/www.fda.gov/medwatch/r eport/hcp.htm&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Harris H.E. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with rituximab. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008;47:224-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;US Food and Drug Administration. Public health advisory: life-threatng brain infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus after rituxan(rituximab) treatment. URL: http:/www.fda.gov/DrugsSafety/PublicHealth Advisories/ucm124345.htm.Updated June 18,2009.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Piccinni C., Sacripanti C., Poluzzi E. et al. Stronger association of drug-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) with biological immunomodulating agents. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009; Oct 17. [Epub ahead of print].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berger J.R. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Handb Clin Neurol 2007;85:169-83.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boren E.J., Cheema G.S., Naguwa S.M. et al. The emergence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in rheumatic diseases. J Autoimmun 2008;30:90-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Padgett B.L., Walker D.L., ZuRhein G.M. et al. Cultivation of papova-like virus from human brain with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1971;1:1257-60.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shimono T., Miki Y., Toyoda H. et al. MR imaging with quantitative diffusion mapping of tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity in organ transplant patients. Eur Radiol 2003;13:986-93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calabrese L.H., Molloy E.S. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in the rheumatic diseases: assessing the risks of biological immunosuppressive therapies. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67(Suppl. 3):64-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calabrese L.H., Molloy E.S., Huang D.R. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rheumatic diseases: Evolving clinical and pathologic patterns of disease. Arthr Rheum 2007;57:2116-28.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Itoh K., Kano T., Nagashio C. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:1020-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reilmann R., Imai T., Ringelstein E.B. et al. Remission of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in SLE after treatment with cidofovir: a 4 year follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:1304-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vandecasteele S.J., Maes B., Claes K. et al. High anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005;20:1246-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warnatz K., Peter H.H., Schumacher M. et al. Infectious CNS disease as a differential diagnosis in systemic rheumatic diseases: three case reports and a review of the literature. Ann Rheum. Dis 2003;62:50-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;White R.P., Abraham S., Singhal S. et al. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy isolated to the posterior fossa in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:826-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Henderson R.D., Smith M.G., Mowat P., Read S.J. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology 2002;58:1825.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Salmaggi A., Maccagnano E., Castagna A. et al. Reversal of CSF positivity for JC virus genome by cidofovir in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurol Sci 2001;22:17-20.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Arbusow V., Strupp M., Pfister H.W. et al. Contrast enhancement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a predictive factor for long-term survival? J Neurol 2000;247:306-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ahmed F., Aziz T., Kaufman L.D. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1999;26:1609-12.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kinoshita M., Iwana K., Shinoura H. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy resembling central nervous system systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1998;16:313-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vollmer-Haase J., Young P., Ringelstein E.B. Efficacy of camptothecin in progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. Lancet 1997;349:1366.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 20-1995. A 66-year-old man with a history of rheumatoid arthritis treated with adrenocorticosteroids, with the development of aphasia and right-sided weakness. N Eng J Med 1995;332:1773-80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tomura N., Watanabe M., Kato T. et al. Case report: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with prominent medullary veins on angiogram. Clin Radiol 1994;49:66-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hseuh C., Reyes C.V. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Am Fam Physician 1988;37:129-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Newton P., Aldridge R.D., Lessells A.M., Best P.V. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 1986;29:337-43.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Krupp L.B., Lipton R.B., Swerdlow M.L. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. Ann Neurol 1985;17:344-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jones H.R., Hedley-Whyte E.T.,Freidberg S.R. et al. Primary cerebellopontine progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy diagnosed premortem by cerebellar biopsy. Ann Neurol 1982;11:199-202.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Malas D., Weiss S. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and cryptococcal meningitis with systemic lupus erythematosus and thymoma. Ann Neurol 1977;1:188-91.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weiner L., Herndon R.M., Narayan O. et al. Isolation of virus related to SV40 from patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Eng J Med 1972;286:385-90.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Slooff J.L. Two cases of progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy with unusual aspects. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir 1966;69:461-74.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rankin E., Scaravilli F. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and polymyositis. J Rheumatol 1995;22:777-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sponzilli E.E., Smith J.K., Malamud N., McCulloch J.R. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a complication of immunosuppressive treatment. Neurology 1975;25:664-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wang H.Y. Pathologic quiz case: a 54- year-old deceased man with diffuse subcortical lesions of the central nervous system. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004;128:70-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pagnoux C., Hayem G., Roux F. et al. JC virus leukoencephalopathy complicating Wegener's granulomatosis. Joint Bone Spine 2003;70:376-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Morgenstern L.B., Pardo C.A. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy complicating treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis. J Rheumatol 1995;22:1593-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Choy D.S., Weiss A., Lin P.T. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following treatment for Wegener's granulomatosis. JAMA 1992;268:600-1&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vulliemoz S., Lurati-Ruiz F., Borruat F.X. et al. Favourable outcome of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in two patients with dermatomyositis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006;77:1079-82.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cuevas L.A., Fuchs H.A. Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy and immunosuppression [letter]. Ann Rheum Dis 2004;63:112-3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tubridy N., Wells C., Lewis D., Schon F. Unsuccessful treatment with cidofovir and cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with dermatomyositis. J R Soc Med 2000;93:374-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gentile S., Sacerdote I., Roccatello D., Giordana M.T. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during cyclosporine treatment: a case report. Ital J Neurol Sci 1996;17:363-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richardson E.P., Johnson P.C. Atypical progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with plasma-cell infiltrates. Acta Neuropathol 1975;6(Suppl.):247-50.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hahn J.S., Harris B.T., Gutierrez K., Sandborg C. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a 15-year-old boy with scleroderma and secondary amyloidosis. Pediatrics 1998;102:1475-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Molloy E.S., Calabrese L.H. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: A national estimate of frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases. Arthr Rheum 2009;60: 3761-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lima M.A., Hanto D.W., Curry M.P. et al. Atypical radiological presentation of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following liver transplantation. J Neurovirol 2005;11:46-50.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cocito D., Bergamasco B., Tavella A. et al. Multifocal motor neuropathy during treatment with infliximab. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2005;10:386-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Roos J.C., Ostor A.J. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy and the risk of JC virus infection. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:381-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mohan N., Edwards E.T., Cupps T.R. et al. Demyelination occurring during antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy for inflammatory arthritides. Arthr Rheum 2001;44:2862-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Carson K.R., Focosi D., Major E.O. et al. Monoclonal antibody-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in patients treated with rituximab, natalizumab, and efalizumab: Review from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. Lancet Oncol 2009;10:816-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Molloy E.S., Calabrese L.H. Therapy: Targeted but not trouble-free: efalizumab and PML. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009;5:418-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Calabrese L.H., Molloy E.S. Therapy: rituximab and PML risk-informed decisions needed! Nat Rev Rheumatol 2009;5:528-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Van Assche G., van Ranst M., Sciot R. et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab therapy for Crohn's disease. N Eng J Med 2005;353:362-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genain C.P., Islar J., Morgan K. et al. Notalizumab-induced immunosupression in a case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2005;58(Suppl. 9):25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wachi K., Prasertsuntarasai T., Kishimoto M., Uramoto K. 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