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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2012-1299</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-1187</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ СИСТЕМНОГО ЮВЕНИЛЬНОГО АРТРИТА ПРИ ДЛИТЕЛЬНОМ НАБЛЮДЕНИИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EVOLUTION OF SYSTEMIC JUVENILE ARTHRITIS DURING LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салугина</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salugina</surname><given-names>Svetlana Olegovna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">pafon1@yandex.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>50</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title>№6 (2012)</issue-title><fpage>88</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салугина С.О., 2012</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салугина С.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salugina S.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/1187">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/1187</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель — изучить эволюцию системного ювенильного артрита (ЮА) у взрослых пациентов. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 19 взрослых пациентов (7 мужчин, 12 женщин, средний возраст 28,8±9,1 года) с системным ЮА, заболевших в детском возрасте (от 1 года до 16 лет). Длительность заболевания от 11 до 53 лет (в среднем 24,7+11,4 года). Системные проявления в дебюте включали лихорадку (n=18), сыпь (n=8), лимфаденопатию (n=7), гепатолиенальный синдром (n=8), перикардит (n=1). Олигоартрит в дебюте имели 9 (47,4%) больных, полиартрит — 7 (36,8%), у 3 пациентов были только артралгии. Результаты и обсуждение. В течение болезни частота системных проявлений уменьшалась, и к моменту исследования они выявлялись лишь у 3 пациентов. На момент осмотра не было активного артрита почти у половины (n=9), у 10 имелись воспалительные изменения в суставах. Общая воспалительная активность заболевания на момент исследования сохранялась у подавляющего большинства (n=17), однако выраженность ее была низкой или умеренной. Среднее значение HAQ составляло 1,2. Более половины больных отставали в физическом развитии или имели диспропорциональность в строении тела. У 4 пациентов рентгенологические изменения отсутствовали или были минимальными, эрозии выявлены у 5, анкилозы у 3, сакроилиит IV стадии у 2 пациентов. Асептический некроз головок бедренной и плечевой костей имели 6 больных. Нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты получали 9 человек, глюкокортикоиды — 7, базисные противовоспалительные препараты, преимущественно метотрексат, — 7. На момент исследования у 5 больных активность заболевания стабильно оставалась на низком уровне, у 1 была полная ремиссия, обострение отмечалось у 13 из 19. У 11 (57,9%) больных в течение болезни регистрировались ремиссии длительностью от 5 до 23 лет. Заключение. У больных системным ЮА при длительном течении имеется тенденция к формированию полиартрита. Несмотря на тяжесть заболевания в дебюте, сохраняющуюся воспалительную активность и рецидивирующее течение артрита, у большинства со временем выраженность системных и суставных проявлений уменьшается. На протяжении болезни возможны длительные ремиссии, однако у 1/3 пациентов формируется эрозивный процесс, а почти у половины — асептический некроз, что является основанием для продолжения активной терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective: to study the evolution of systemic juvenile arthritis (JA) in adult patients. Subjects and methods. The trial covered 19 patients (7 men, 12 women; mean age 28.8+9.1 years) with systemic JA who had fallen ill in childhood (at the age of 1 to 16 years). The duration of the disease was 11 to 53 years (mean 24.7+11.4 years). Its systemic manifestations at the onset included fever (n = 18), rash (n = 8), lymphadenopathy (n = 7), hepatolienal syndrome (n = 8), pericarditis (n = 1). At the onset, oligoarthritis was present in 9 (47.4%) patients; polyarthritis was in 7 (36.8%) and 3 patients had only arthralgies. Results and discussion. The rate of systemic manifestations was decreased over the course of the disease and they were detected only in 3 patients by the moment of the trial. At the examination, almost half (n = 9) had no active arthritis, 10 had inflammatory changes in the joints. At the trial, the total scores of inflammatory disease activity were retained in the vast majority (n = 17); however, its magnitude was low or modest. The mean HAQ score was 1.2. More than half of the patients had retarded physical development or disproportionate body build. X-ray changes were absent or minimal in 4 patients; there were erosions in 5, ankyloses in 3, and Stage IV sacroiliitis in 2. Six patients presented with aseptic necrosis of the heads of the femur and humerus. Nine patients received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; 7 took glucocorticoids, and 7 had disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, mainly methotrexate. At the study, the disease activity steadily remained low in 5 patients; 1 patient achieved complete remission; an exacerbation was seen in 13 of the 19 patients. 5-to-23-year remissions were recorded in 11 (57.9%) patients over the course of the disease. Conclusion. The patients with long-term JA tend to develop polyarthritis. Despite the severity, remaining inflammatory activity, and recurrent course of arthritis, the magnitude of its systemic and articular manifestations is reduced in most patients over time. During the disease, there may be long-term remissions; however, one third of the patients develop an erosive process and almost half do aseptic necrosis, which is the ground to continue active therapy.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системный ювенильный артрит</kwd><kwd>исходы у взрослых</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic juvenile arthritis</kwd><kwd>outcomes in adults</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petty R.E., Southwood T.R., Manners P. et al. International League of Associations Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol 2004; 31(2): 390-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prieur A.M., Malleson P.N., Kimura Y. Systemic arthritis. In: Arthritis in children and adolescents. Eds L.S. Szer, Y. Kimura, P.N. Malleson, T.R. Southwood. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006; 210-22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cassidy J.T., Petty R.E., Laxer R.M. et al. Chronic arthritis in childhood. In: Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2011: 236-48.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Schneider R., Laxer R.M. 2008 Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In: handbook of systemic autoimmune disease, Vol. 6 pediatrics in systemic autoimmune disease. Eds R. Cimas, T. Lehman. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2008; 35-54.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adams A., Lehman T.J.A. Update on the pathogenesis and treatment of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005; 17: 612-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hafner R., Truckenbrodt H. Course and prognosis of systemic juvenile chronic arthritis-retrospective study of 187 patients. Klin Padiatr 1986; 198(5): 401-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prieur A.M., Bremard-Oury C., Griscelli C., Mozziconacci P. Prognosis of the systemic forms of juvenile chronic arthritis. Apropos of 100 cases. Arch Fr Pediatr 1984; 41(2): 91-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fantini F., Gerloni V., Gattinara M. et al. Remission in juvenile chronic arthritis: a cohort study of 683 consecutive cases with a mean 10 year followup. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 579-84.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ansell B.M., Bywaters E.G. Prognosis in Still's disease. Bull Rheum Dis 1959; 9: 189.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Логинова Е.Ю., Фоломеева О.М. Клинико-функциональные психосоциальные исходы и трудоспособность при ювенильном идиопатическом артрите у взрослых пациентов. Науч.-практич. ревматол. 2004; 2: 53-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gare B.A., Fasth A. The natural history of juvenile chronic arthritis: a population based cohort study. II. Outcome. J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 308-19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Spiegel L.R., Schneider R., Lang B.A. et al. Early predictors of poor functional outcome in systemic-onset JRA. A multicenter cohort study. Arthr Rheum 2000; 43: 2402-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lomater C., Gerloni V., Gattinara M. et al. Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective study of 80 consecutive patients followed for 10 years. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 491-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ravelli A., Martini A. Early predictors of outcome in JIA. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21(31): 89—93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Minden K., Niewerth M., Listing J. et al. Long-term outcome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2002; 46: 2392-401.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Musiej-Nowakowska E. Long-term follow-up of patients with systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and amyloidosis. Ann Rheum Dis (abstracts) 2006; 65(11): 448.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Singh-Grewal D., Schneider R., Bayer N., Feldman B. Predictors of disease course and remission in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Significance of early clinical and laboratory features. Arthr Rheum 2006; 54(5): 1595-601.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adib N., Silman A., Thomson W. Outcome following onset of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory arthritis: I. Frequency of different outcomes. J Rheumatol 2005; 44: 995-1001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Minden K., Kiessling U., Listing J. et al. Prognosis of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis and juvenile spondyloarthropathy. J Rheumatol 2000; 27(9): 2256-63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oen K., Malleson P.N., Cabral D.A. et al. Early predictors of long-term outcome in patients with JRA: subset-specific correlations. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 585-93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oen K., Malleson P.N., Cabral D.A. et al. Disease course and outcome of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a multicenter cohort. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(9): 1989-99.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ansell B.M. Juvenile chronic arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1987; 66: 47-50.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ansell B.M., Bywaters E.G. Diagnosis of «probable» Still's disease and its outcome Ann Rheum Dis 1962; 21: 253—62.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stoeber E. Prognosis in juvenile chronic polyarthritis. Eur J Pediatr 1981; 135: 225-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Packham J.C., Hall M.A. Long-term follow-up of 246 adults with JIA: functional outcome. J Rheumatol 2002; 41: 1428-35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Still G.F. On a form of chronic joint disease in children. Reprinted in: Clin Orthop 1990; 259: 4-10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bernstein B.H., Stobie D., Singen B.H. et al. Growth retardation in JRA. Arthr Rheum 1977; 20: 212-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Van der Net J., Kuis W., Prakken A.B. et al. Correlates of disablement in systemic JCA. A cross-selection study. Scand J Rheumatol 1997; 26: 188-96.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lovell D.J., White P.H. Growth and nutrition in JRA. In: Paed. Rheumat. Update. Eds P. Woo, P. White, B. Ansell. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990: 47-56.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bowyer S.L., Roettcher P.A., Higgins G.C. et al. Health status of patients with JRA at 1 and 5 years after diagnosis. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 394-400.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Simon D., Fernando C., Czernichow, Prieur A.M. Linear growth and final height in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with longterm glucocorticoids. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 1296-300.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ansell B.M., Bywaters E.G. Growth in Still's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1956; 15: 259-318.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Laaksonen A.L. A prognostic study of JRA. Acta Pediatr Scand 1996; 166: 90-1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Логинова Е.Ю., Фоломеева О.М., Насонова В.А. Ювенильный артрит в практике терапевта-ревматолога. Cons med 2003; 5(2): 97—100.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Салугина С.О., Кузьмина Н.Н. Нозологическая диагностика ювенильного артрита при длительном катамнестическом наблюдении. Педиатрия 2011; 90(5): 29—35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prahalad S., Passo M.H. Long-term outcome among patients with JRA. Front Biosci 1998; 21(3): 13—22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Michels H., Hafner R., Morhart R. et al. Five year follow-up of a prospective cohort ofjuvenile chronic arthritis with recent onset. Clin Rheumatol 1987; 6(2): 87-92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petty R.E., Southwood T.R., Manners P. et al. International League of Associations Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol 2004; 31(2): 390-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prieur A.M., Malleson P.N., Kimura Y. Systemic arthritis. In: Arthritis in children and adolescents. Eds L.S. Szer, Y. Kimura, P.N. Malleson, T.R. Southwood. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006; 210-22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cassidy J.T., Petty R.E., Laxer R.M. et al. Chronic arthritis in childhood. In: Textbook of pediatric rheumatology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2011: 236-48.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Schneider R., Laxer R.M. 2008 Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. In: handbook of systemic autoimmune disease, Vol. 6 pediatrics in systemic autoimmune disease. Eds R. Cimas, T. Lehman. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2008; 35-54.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adams A., Lehman T.J.A. Update on the pathogenesis and treatment of systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2005; 17: 612-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hafner R., Truckenbrodt H. Course and prognosis of systemic juvenile chronic arthritis-retrospective study of 187 patients. Klin Padiatr 1986; 198(5): 401-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prieur A.M., Bremard-Oury C., Griscelli C., Mozziconacci P. Prognosis of the systemic forms of juvenile chronic arthritis. Apropos of 100 cases. Arch Fr Pediatr 1984; 41(2): 91-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fantini F., Gerloni V., Gattinara M. et al. Remission in juvenile chronic arthritis: a cohort study of 683 consecutive cases with a mean 10 year followup. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 579-84.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ansell B.M., Bywaters E.G. Prognosis in Still's disease. Bull Rheum Dis 1959; 9: 189.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Логинова Е.Ю., Фоломеева О.М. Клинико-функциональные психосоциальные исходы и трудоспособность при ювенильном идиопатическом артрите у взрослых пациентов. Науч.-практич. ревматол. 2004; 2: 53-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gare B.A., Fasth A. The natural history of juvenile chronic arthritis: a population based cohort study. II. Outcome. J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 308-19.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Spiegel L.R., Schneider R., Lang B.A. et al. Early predictors of poor functional outcome in systemic-onset JRA. A multicenter cohort study. Arthr Rheum 2000; 43: 2402-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lomater C., Gerloni V., Gattinara M. et al. Systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a retrospective study of 80 consecutive patients followed for 10 years. J Rheumatol 2000; 27: 491-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ravelli A., Martini A. Early predictors of outcome in JIA. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2003; 21(31): 89—93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Minden K., Niewerth M., Listing J. et al. Long-term outcome in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2002; 46: 2392-401.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Musiej-Nowakowska E. Long-term follow-up of patients with systemic onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and amyloidosis. Ann Rheum Dis (abstracts) 2006; 65(11): 448.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Singh-Grewal D., Schneider R., Bayer N., Feldman B. Predictors of disease course and remission in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Significance of early clinical and laboratory features. Arthr Rheum 2006; 54(5): 1595-601.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adib N., Silman A., Thomson W. Outcome following onset of juvenile idiopathic inflammatory arthritis: I. Frequency of different outcomes. J Rheumatol 2005; 44: 995-1001.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Minden K., Kiessling U., Listing J. et al. Prognosis of patients with juvenile chronic arthritis and juvenile spondyloarthropathy. J Rheumatol 2000; 27(9): 2256-63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oen K., Malleson P.N., Cabral D.A. et al. Early predictors of long-term outcome in patients with JRA: subset-specific correlations. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 585-93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oen K., Malleson P.N., Cabral D.A. et al. Disease course and outcome of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in a multicenter cohort. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(9): 1989-99.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ansell B.M. Juvenile chronic arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 1987; 66: 47-50.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ansell B.M., Bywaters E.G. Diagnosis of «probable» Still's disease and its outcome Ann Rheum Dis 1962; 21: 253—62.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stoeber E. Prognosis in juvenile chronic polyarthritis. Eur J Pediatr 1981; 135: 225-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Packham J.C., Hall M.A. Long-term follow-up of 246 adults with JIA: functional outcome. J Rheumatol 2002; 41: 1428-35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Still G.F. On a form of chronic joint disease in children. Reprinted in: Clin Orthop 1990; 259: 4-10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bernstein B.H., Stobie D., Singen B.H. et al. Growth retardation in JRA. Arthr Rheum 1977; 20: 212-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Van der Net J., Kuis W., Prakken A.B. et al. Correlates of disablement in systemic JCA. A cross-selection study. Scand J Rheumatol 1997; 26: 188-96.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lovell D.J., White P.H. Growth and nutrition in JRA. In: Paed. Rheumat. Update. Eds P. Woo, P. White, B. Ansell. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990: 47-56.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bowyer S.L., Roettcher P.A., Higgins G.C. et al. Health status of patients with JRA at 1 and 5 years after diagnosis. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 394-400.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Simon D., Fernando C., Czernichow, Prieur A.M. Linear growth and final height in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis treated with longterm glucocorticoids. J Rheumatol 2002; 29: 1296-300.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ansell B.M., Bywaters E.G. Growth in Still's disease. Ann Rheum Dis 1956; 15: 259-318.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Laaksonen A.L. A prognostic study of JRA. Acta Pediatr Scand 1996; 166: 90-1.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Логинова Е.Ю., Фоломеева О.М., Насонова В.А. Ювенильный артрит в практике терапевта-ревматолога. Cons med 2003; 5(2): 97—100.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Салугина С.О., Кузьмина Н.Н. Нозологическая диагностика ювенильного артрита при длительном катамнестическом наблюдении. Педиатрия 2011; 90(5): 29—35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Prahalad S., Passo M.H. Long-term outcome among patients with JRA. Front Biosci 1998; 21(3): 13—22.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Michels H., Hafner R., Morhart R. et al. Five year follow-up of a prospective cohort ofjuvenile chronic arthritis with recent onset. Clin Rheumatol 1987; 6(2): 87-92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
