rspНаучно-практическая ревматологияRheumatology Science and Practice1995-44841995-4492IMA-PRESS, LLC10.14412/1995-4484-2013-1504rsp-1320Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesИнтерстициальное поражение легких как внесуставное проявление ревматоидного артрита (лекция)Interstitial lung disease as an extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritisBestaevDavid VladimirovichBestaevDavid Vladimirovich

докторант кафедры ревматологии ФППОВ; научный сотрудник канд. мед. наук

doktorant kafedry revmatologii FPPOV; nauchnyy sotrudnik kand. med. nauk

davidbestaev@rambler.ruКаратеевДмитрий ЕвгеньевичKarateevD E

заместитель директора д-р мед. наук

zamestitel' direktora d-r med. nauk

-НасоновЕвгений ЛьвовичNasonovE L

директор академик РАМН

direktor akademik RAMN

-201315062013513№3 (2013)290295Copyright &#x00A9; Bestaev D.V., Каратеев Д.Е., Насонов Е.Л., 20132013Bestaev D.V., Каратеев Д.Е., Насонов Е.Л.Bestaev D.V., Karateev D.E., Nasonov E.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/1320References<div><p>Ревматология: Клинические рекомендации. Под ред. акад. PAMH Е.Л. Насонова. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010;90—230.</p><p>Harris E.D. Rheumatoid arthritis. Pathophysiology and implications for therapy. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1277—89.</p><p>Ellman P., Ball R.E. Rheumatoid disease with joint and pulmonary manifestations. Br Med J 1948;2:816—20.</p><p>Cudkowicz L., Madoff I.M., Abelmann W.H. Rheumatoid lung disease. A case report which includes respiratory function studies and a lung biopsy. Br J Dis Chest 1961;55:35—40.</p><p>Aronoff A., Bywaters E.G., Fearnley G.R. Lung lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J 1955;2:228—32.</p><p>Talbott J.A., Calkins E. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 1964;189:911—3.</p><p>Frank S.T., Weg J.G., Harkleroad L.E., Fitch R.F. Pulmonary dysfunction in rheumatoid disease. Chest 1973;63:27—34.</p><p>Popper M.S., Bogdonoff M.L., Hughes R.L. Interstitial rheumatoid lung disease. A reassessment and review of the literature. Chest 1972;62:243—50.</p><p>Popp W., Rauscher H., Ritschka L. et al. Prediction of interstitial lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. The value of clinical data, chest roentgenogram, lung function, and serologic parameters. Chest 1992;102:391—4.</p><p>Cervantes-Perez P., Toro-Perez A.H., Rodriguez-Jurado P. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 1980;243:1715—9.</p><p>Fujii M., Adachi S., Shimizu T. et al. Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment with high-resolution computed tomography. J Thome Imaging 1993;8:54—62.</p><p>Dawson J.K., Fewins H.E., Desmond J. et al. Fibrosing alveolitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as assessed by high resolution computed tomography, chest radiography, and pulmonary function tests. Thorax 2001;56:622—7.</p><p>Rajasekaran B.A., Shovlin D., Lord P., Kelly C.A. Interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001;40:1022—5.</p><p>Horton M.R. Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease. Crit Rev Comput Tomogr 2004;45:429—40.</p><p>Bongartz T., Nannini C., Medina-Velasquez Y.F. et al. Incidence and mortality of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthr Rheum 2010;62:1583—91.</p><p>Jurik A.G., Davidsen D., Graudal H. Prevalence of pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to some characteristics of the patients. A radiological and clinical study. Scand J Rheumatol 1982;11:217—24.</p><p>Saag K.G., Kolluri S., Koehnke R.K. et al. Rheumatoid arthritis lung disease. Determinants of radiographic and physiologic abnormalities. Arthr Rheum 1996;39:1711—9.</p><p>Banks J., Banks C., Cheong B. et al. An epidemiological and clinical investigation of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med 1992;85:795—806.</p><p>Gochuico B.R., Avila N.A., Chow C.K. et al. Progressive preclinical interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:159—66.</p><p>Aubart F., Crestani B., Nicaise-Roland P. et al. High levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies are associated with cooccurrence of pulmonary diseases with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2011;38:979—82.</p><p>Anaya J.M., Diethelm L., Ortiz L.A. et al. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthr Rheum 1995;24:242—54.</p><p>Shidara K., Hoshi D., Inoue E. et al. Incidence of and risk factors for interstitial pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a large Japanese observational cohort, IORRA. Mod Rheumatol 2010;20:280—6.</p><p>Bilgici A., Ulusoy H., Kuru O. et al. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2005;25:429—35.</p><p>Tanaka N., Kim J.S., Newell J.D. et al. Rheumatoid arthritis-related lung diseases: CT findings. Radiology 2004;232:81 —91.</p><p>Sakaida H. IgG rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease. Ryumachi 1995;35:671—7.</p><p>Alexiou I., Germenis A., Koutroumpas A. et al. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-2 (CCP2) autoantibodies and extra-articular manifestations in Greek patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2008;27:511—3.</p><p>Scott T.E., Wise R.A., Hochberg M.C., Wigley F.M. HLA-DR4 and pulmonary dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 1987;82:765—71.</p><p>Charles PJ., Sweatman M.C., Markwick J.R., Maini R.N. HLA-B40: a marker for susceptibility to lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Dis Markers 1991;9:97—101.</p><p>Tanoue L.T. Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chest Med 1998;19:667—85.</p><p>Albano S.A., Santana-Sahagun F., Weisman M.H. Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis. Sem Arthr Rheum 2001;31:146—59.</p><p>Jawaheer D., Gregersen P.K. Rheumatoid arthritis. The genetic components. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002;28:1—15.</p><p>Klareskog L., Stolt P., Lundberg K. et al. A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullination. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:38—46.</p><p>Makrygiannakis D., Hermansson M., Ulfgren A.K. et al. Smoking increases peptidylarginine deiminase 2 enzyme expression in human lungs and increases citrullination in BAL cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:1488—92.</p><p>De Rycke L., Nicholas A.P., Cantaert T. et al. Synovial intracellular citrullinated proteins colocalizing with peptidyl arginine deаminase as pathophysiologically relevant antigenic determinants of rheumatoid arthritis-specific humoral autoimmunity. Arthr Rheum 2005;52:2323—30.</p><p>Bongartz T., Cantaert T., Atkins S.R. et al. Citrullination in extraarticular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46:70—5.</p><p>Stolt P., Bengtsson C., Nordmark B. et al. Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:835—41.</p><p>Ayhan-Ardic F.F., Oken O., Yorgancioglu Z.R. et al. Pulmonary involvement in lifelong non-smoking patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis without respiratory symptoms. Clin Rheumatol 2006;25:213—8.</p><p>Gabriel S.E., Crowson C.S., Kremers H.M. et al. Survival in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based analysis of trends over 40 years. Arthr Rheum 2003;48:54—8.</p><p>Hyland R.H., Gordon D.A., Broder I. et al. A systematic controlled study of pulmonary abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1983;10:395—405.</p><p>Gabbay E., Tarala R., Will R. et al. Interstitial lung disease in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156(2 Pt 1):528—35.</p><p>Sugiyama Y., Ohno S., Kano S. et al. Diffuse panbron-chiolitis and rheumatoid arthritis: a possible correlation with HLA-B54. Intern Med 1994;33:612—4.</p><p>Hillarby M.C., McMahon M.I., Grennan D.M. et al. HLA associations in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and bronchiectasis but not with other pulmonary complications of rheumatoid disease. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32:794—7.</p><p>Michalski J.P., McCombs C.C., Scopelitis E. et al. Alpha1-antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in pulmonary disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Arthr Rheum 1986;29:586—91.</p><p>Turesson C., Matteson E.L., Colby TV. et al. Increased CD4+ T cell infiltrates in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial pneumonitis compared with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis. Arthr Rheum 2005;52:73—9.</p><p>Michel J.J., Turesson C., Lemster B. et al. CD56-expressing T cells that have features of senescence are expanded in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2007;56:43—57.</p><p>Atkins S.R., Turesson C., Myers J.L. et al. Morphologic and quantitative assessment of CD20+ B cell infiltrates in rheumatoid arthritis-associated nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:635-41.</p><p>Song J.W., Do K.H., Kim M.Y. et al. Pathologic and radiologic differences between idiopathic and collagen vascular disease-related usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest 2009;136:23-30.</p><p>Ancochea J., Giron R.M., Lopez-Botet M. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial pulmonary disease. Arch Bronchoreum 1997;33:335-40.</p><p>Horie S., Nakada K., Minota S., Kano S. High proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFCs) in the peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients with interstitial lung disease. Scand J Rheumatol 2003;32:273-6.</p><p>Biederer J., Schnabel A., Muhle C. et al. Correlation between HRCT findings, pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Radiol 2004;14:272-80.</p><p>Kim E.J., Elicker B.M., Maldonado F. et al. Usual interstitial pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2010;35:1322-8.</p><p>Lee H.K., Kim D.S., Yoo B. et al. Histopathologic pattern and clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Chest 2005;127:2019-27.</p><p>Luqmani R., Hennell S., Estrach C. et al. British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (after the first 2 years). Rheumatology 2009;48:436-9.</p><p>Roschmann R.A., Rothenberg R.J. Pulmonary fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of clinical features and therapy. Semin Arthr Rheum 1987;16:174-85.</p><p>Rajasekaran A., Shovlin D., Saravanan V. et al. Interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis over 5 years. J Rheumatol 2006;33:1250-3.</p><p>Provenzano G. Asymptomatic pulmonary involvement in RA. Thorax 2002;57:187-8.</p><p>Dawson J.K., Fewins H.E., Desmond J. et al. Predictors of progression of HRCT diagnosed fibrosing alveolitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002:61:517-21.</p><p>Shannon T.M., Gale M.E. Noncardiac manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis in the thorax. J Thorac Imaging 1992;7:19-29.</p><p>McDonagh J., Greaves M., Wright A.R. et al. High resolution computed tomography of the lungs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease. Br J Rheumatol 1994;33:118-22.</p><p>Metafratzi Z.M., Georgiadis A.N., Ioannidou C.V. et al. Pulmonary involvement in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2007;36:338-44.</p><p>Akira M., Sakatani M., Hara H. Thin-section CT findings in rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease: CT patterns and their courses. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999;23:941-8.</p><p>Kim E.J., Collard H.R., King T.E. Jr. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: the relevance of histopathologic and radiographic pattern. Chest 2009;136:1397-405.</p><p>Okuda Y., Takasugi K., Kurata N., Takahara J. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ryumachi 1993;33:302-9.</p><p>Gilligan D.M., O’Connor C.M., Ward K. et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with mild and severe rheumatoid lung disease. Thorax 1990;45:591-6.</p><p>Park J.H., Kim D.S., Park I.N. et al. Prognosis of fibrotic interstitial pneumonia: idiopathic versus collagen vascular disease-related subtypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:705-11.</p><p>Yousem S.A., Colby T.V., Carrington C.B. Lung biopsy in rheumatoid arthritis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:770-7.</p><p>Kinoshita F., Hamano H., Harada H. et al. Role of KL-6 in evaluating the disease severity of rheumatoid lung disease: comparison with HRCT. Respir Med 2004;98:1131-7.</p><p>Tsuchiya Y., Takayanagi N., Sugiura H. et al. Lung diseases directly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship to outcome. Euro Respir J 2011;37:1411-7.</p><p>Pratt D.S., Schwartz M.I., May J.I., Dreisin R.B. Rapidly fatal pulmonary fibrosis: the accelerated variant of interstitial pneumonitis. Thorax 1979;34:587-93.</p><p>Hakala M. Poor prognosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis hospitalized for interstitial lung fibrosis. Chest 1988;93:114-8.</p><p>Hubbard R., Venn A. The impact of coexisting connective tissue disease on survival in patients with fibrosing alveolitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:676-9.</p><p>Turner-Warwick M., Burrows B., Johnson A. Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: clinical features and their influence on survival. Thorax 1980;35:171-80.</p><p>Saravanan V., Kelly C.A. Survival in fibrosing alveolitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis is better than cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003;42:603-4.</p><p>Malik S., Saravanan V., Kelly C. Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: an update on diagnosis and management. Int J Clin Rheum 2012;7:297-308.</p></div><br /><div><p>Ревматология: Клинические рекомендации. Под ред. акад. PAMH Е.Л. Насонова. 2-е изд., испр. и доп. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2010;90—230.</p><p>Harris E.D. Rheumatoid arthritis. Pathophysiology and implications for therapy. N Engl J Med 1990;322:1277—89.</p><p>Ellman P., Ball R.E. Rheumatoid disease with joint and pulmonary manifestations. Br Med J 1948;2:816—20.</p><p>Cudkowicz L., Madoff I.M., Abelmann W.H. Rheumatoid lung disease. A case report which includes respiratory function studies and a lung biopsy. Br J Dis Chest 1961;55:35—40.</p><p>Aronoff A., Bywaters E.G., Fearnley G.R. Lung lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J 1955;2:228—32.</p><p>Talbott J.A., Calkins E. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 1964;189:911—3.</p><p>Frank S.T., Weg J.G., Harkleroad L.E., Fitch R.F. Pulmonary dysfunction in rheumatoid disease. Chest 1973;63:27—34.</p><p>Popper M.S., Bogdonoff M.L., Hughes R.L. Interstitial rheumatoid lung disease. A reassessment and review of the literature. Chest 1972;62:243—50.</p><p>Popp W., Rauscher H., Ritschka L. et al. Prediction of interstitial lung involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. The value of clinical data, chest roentgenogram, lung function, and serologic parameters. Chest 1992;102:391—4.</p><p>Cervantes-Perez P., Toro-Perez A.H., Rodriguez-Jurado P. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 1980;243:1715—9.</p><p>Fujii M., Adachi S., Shimizu T. et al. Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment with high-resolution computed tomography. J Thome Imaging 1993;8:54—62.</p><p>Dawson J.K., Fewins H.E., Desmond J. et al. Fibrosing alveolitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis as assessed by high resolution computed tomography, chest radiography, and pulmonary function tests. Thorax 2001;56:622—7.</p><p>Rajasekaran B.A., Shovlin D., Lord P., Kelly C.A. Interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comparison with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001;40:1022—5.</p><p>Horton M.R. Rheumatoid arthritis associated interstitial lung disease. Crit Rev Comput Tomogr 2004;45:429—40.</p><p>Bongartz T., Nannini C., Medina-Velasquez Y.F. et al. Incidence and mortality of interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study. Arthr Rheum 2010;62:1583—91.</p><p>Jurik A.G., Davidsen D., Graudal H. Prevalence of pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship to some characteristics of the patients. A radiological and clinical study. Scand J Rheumatol 1982;11:217—24.</p><p>Saag K.G., Kolluri S., Koehnke R.K. et al. Rheumatoid arthritis lung disease. Determinants of radiographic and physiologic abnormalities. Arthr Rheum 1996;39:1711—9.</p><p>Banks J., Banks C., Cheong B. et al. An epidemiological and clinical investigation of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Q J Med 1992;85:795—806.</p><p>Gochuico B.R., Avila N.A., Chow C.K. et al. Progressive preclinical interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Intern Med 2008;168:159—66.</p><p>Aubart F., Crestani B., Nicaise-Roland P. et al. High levels of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies are associated with cooccurrence of pulmonary diseases with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2011;38:979—82.</p><p>Anaya J.M., Diethelm L., Ortiz L.A. et al. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthr Rheum 1995;24:242—54.</p><p>Shidara K., Hoshi D., Inoue E. et al. Incidence of and risk factors for interstitial pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a large Japanese observational cohort, IORRA. Mod Rheumatol 2010;20:280—6.</p><p>Bilgici A., Ulusoy H., Kuru O. et al. Pulmonary involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2005;25:429—35.</p><p>Tanaka N., Kim J.S., Newell J.D. et al. Rheumatoid arthritis-related lung diseases: CT findings. Radiology 2004;232:81 —91.</p><p>Sakaida H. IgG rheumatoid factor in rheumatoid arthritis with interstitial lung disease. Ryumachi 1995;35:671—7.</p><p>Alexiou I., Germenis A., Koutroumpas A. et al. Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide-2 (CCP2) autoantibodies and extra-articular manifestations in Greek patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2008;27:511—3.</p><p>Scott T.E., Wise R.A., Hochberg M.C., Wigley F.M. HLA-DR4 and pulmonary dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Med 1987;82:765—71.</p><p>Charles PJ., Sweatman M.C., Markwick J.R., Maini R.N. HLA-B40: a marker for susceptibility to lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Dis Markers 1991;9:97—101.</p><p>Tanoue L.T. Pulmonary manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chest Med 1998;19:667—85.</p><p>Albano S.A., Santana-Sahagun F., Weisman M.H. Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis. Sem Arthr Rheum 2001;31:146—59.</p><p>Jawaheer D., Gregersen P.K. Rheumatoid arthritis. The genetic components. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2002;28:1—15.</p><p>Klareskog L., Stolt P., Lundberg K. et al. A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullination. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:38—46.</p><p>Makrygiannakis D., Hermansson M., Ulfgren A.K. et al. Smoking increases peptidylarginine deiminase 2 enzyme expression in human lungs and increases citrullination in BAL cells. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:1488—92.</p><p>De Rycke L., Nicholas A.P., Cantaert T. et al. Synovial intracellular citrullinated proteins colocalizing with peptidyl arginine deаminase as pathophysiologically relevant antigenic determinants of rheumatoid arthritis-specific humoral autoimmunity. Arthr Rheum 2005;52:2323—30.</p><p>Bongartz T., Cantaert T., Atkins S.R. et al. Citrullination in extraarticular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007;46:70—5.</p><p>Stolt P., Bengtsson C., Nordmark B. et al. Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: results from a population based case-control study, using incident cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:835—41.</p><p>Ayhan-Ardic F.F., Oken O., Yorgancioglu Z.R. et al. Pulmonary involvement in lifelong non-smoking patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis without respiratory symptoms. Clin Rheumatol 2006;25:213—8.</p><p>Gabriel S.E., Crowson C.S., Kremers H.M. et al. Survival in rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based analysis of trends over 40 years. Arthr Rheum 2003;48:54—8.</p><p>Hyland R.H., Gordon D.A., Broder I. et al. A systematic controlled study of pulmonary abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1983;10:395—405.</p><p>Gabbay E., Tarala R., Will R. et al. Interstitial lung disease in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997;156(2 Pt 1):528—35.</p><p>Sugiyama Y., Ohno S., Kano S. et al. Diffuse panbron-chiolitis and rheumatoid arthritis: a possible correlation with HLA-B54. Intern Med 1994;33:612—4.</p><p>Hillarby M.C., McMahon M.I., Grennan D.M. et al. HLA associations in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and bronchiectasis but not with other pulmonary complications of rheumatoid disease. Br J Rheumatol 1993;32:794—7.</p><p>Michalski J.P., McCombs C.C., Scopelitis E. et al. Alpha1-antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in pulmonary disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic sclerosis. Arthr Rheum 1986;29:586—91.</p><p>Turesson C., Matteson E.L., Colby TV. et al. Increased CD4+ T cell infiltrates in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial pneumonitis compared with idiopathic interstitial pneumonitis. Arthr Rheum 2005;52:73—9.</p><p>Michel J.J., Turesson C., Lemster B. et al. CD56-expressing T cells that have features of senescence are expanded in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2007;56:43—57.</p><p>Atkins S.R., Turesson C., Myers J.L. et al. Morphologic and quantitative assessment of CD20+ B cell infiltrates in rheumatoid arthritis-associated nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and usual interstitial pneumonia. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:635-41.</p><p>Song J.W., Do K.H., Kim M.Y. et al. Pathologic and radiologic differences between idiopathic and collagen vascular disease-related usual interstitial pneumonia. Chest 2009;136:23-30.</p><p>Ancochea J., Giron R.M., Lopez-Botet M. Production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 by alveolar macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial pulmonary disease. Arch Bronchoreum 1997;33:335-40.</p><p>Horie S., Nakada K., Minota S., Kano S. High proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFCs) in the peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis patients with interstitial lung disease. Scand J Rheumatol 2003;32:273-6.</p><p>Biederer J., Schnabel A., Muhle C. et al. Correlation between HRCT findings, pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Eur Radiol 2004;14:272-80.</p><p>Kim E.J., Elicker B.M., Maldonado F. et al. Usual interstitial pneumonia in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Eur Respir J 2010;35:1322-8.</p><p>Lee H.K., Kim D.S., Yoo B. et al. Histopathologic pattern and clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease. Chest 2005;127:2019-27.</p><p>Luqmani R., Hennell S., Estrach C. et al. British Society for Rheumatology and British Health Professionals in Rheumatology guideline for the management of rheumatoid arthritis (after the first 2 years). Rheumatology 2009;48:436-9.</p><p>Roschmann R.A., Rothenberg R.J. Pulmonary fibrosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a review of clinical features and therapy. Semin Arthr Rheum 1987;16:174-85.</p><p>Rajasekaran A., Shovlin D., Saravanan V. et al. Interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis over 5 years. J Rheumatol 2006;33:1250-3.</p><p>Provenzano G. Asymptomatic pulmonary involvement in RA. Thorax 2002;57:187-8.</p><p>Dawson J.K., Fewins H.E., Desmond J. et al. Predictors of progression of HRCT diagnosed fibrosing alveolitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2002:61:517-21.</p><p>Shannon T.M., Gale M.E. Noncardiac manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis in the thorax. J Thorac Imaging 1992;7:19-29.</p><p>McDonagh J., Greaves M., Wright A.R. et al. High resolution computed tomography of the lungs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease. Br J Rheumatol 1994;33:118-22.</p><p>Metafratzi Z.M., Georgiadis A.N., Ioannidou C.V. et al. Pulmonary involvement in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2007;36:338-44.</p><p>Akira M., Sakatani M., Hara H. Thin-section CT findings in rheumatoid arthritis-associated lung disease: CT patterns and their courses. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1999;23:941-8.</p><p>Kim E.J., Collard H.R., King T.E. Jr. Rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: the relevance of histopathologic and radiographic pattern. Chest 2009;136:1397-405.</p><p>Okuda Y., Takasugi K., Kurata N., Takahara J. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ryumachi 1993;33:302-9.</p><p>Gilligan D.M., O’Connor C.M., Ward K. et al. Bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with mild and severe rheumatoid lung disease. Thorax 1990;45:591-6.</p><p>Park J.H., Kim D.S., Park I.N. et al. Prognosis of fibrotic interstitial pneumonia: idiopathic versus collagen vascular disease-related subtypes. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:705-11.</p><p>Yousem S.A., Colby T.V., Carrington C.B. Lung biopsy in rheumatoid arthritis. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:770-7.</p><p>Kinoshita F., Hamano H., Harada H. et al. Role of KL-6 in evaluating the disease severity of rheumatoid lung disease: comparison with HRCT. Respir Med 2004;98:1131-7.</p><p>Tsuchiya Y., Takayanagi N., Sugiura H. et al. Lung diseases directly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and their relationship to outcome. Euro Respir J 2011;37:1411-7.</p><p>Pratt D.S., Schwartz M.I., May J.I., Dreisin R.B. Rapidly fatal pulmonary fibrosis: the accelerated variant of interstitial pneumonitis. Thorax 1979;34:587-93.</p><p>Hakala M. Poor prognosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis hospitalized for interstitial lung fibrosis. Chest 1988;93:114-8.</p><p>Hubbard R., Venn A. The impact of coexisting connective tissue disease on survival in patients with fibrosing alveolitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2002;41:676-9.</p><p>Turner-Warwick M., Burrows B., Johnson A. Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: clinical features and their influence on survival. Thorax 1980;35:171-80.</p><p>Saravanan V., Kelly C.A. Survival in fibrosing alveolitis associated with rheumatoid arthritis is better than cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003;42:603-4.</p><p>Malik S., Saravanan V., Kelly C. Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis: an update on diagnosis and management. Int J Clin Rheum 2012;7:297-308.</p></div><br />

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.