<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2015-397-402</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2111</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика клинико-рентгенологических показателей на фоне терапии деносумабом у больных ревматоидным артритом, получающих глюкокортикоиды: предварительные результаты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CHANGES OF CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS DURING DENOSUMAB THERAPY IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS RECEIVING GLUCOCORTICOIDS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дыдыкина</surname><given-names>П. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dydykina</surname><given-names>P. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">polina_dydykina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дыдыкина</surname><given-names>И. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dydykina</surname><given-names>I. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнов</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой, Москва, Россия 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia 34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>09</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>53</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>397</fpage><lpage>402</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дыдыкина П.С., Петрова Е.В., Дыдыкина И.С., Смирнов А.В., Муравьев Ю.В., Глухова С.И., Насонов Е.Л., 2015</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дыдыкина П.С., Петрова Е.В., Дыдыкина И.С., Смирнов А.В., Муравьев Ю.В., Глухова С.И., Насонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dydykina P.S., Petrova E.V., Dydykina I.S., Smirnov A.V., Muravyev Y.V., Glukhova S.I., Nasonov E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2111">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2111</self-uri><abstract><p>При лечении ревматоидного артрита (РА) важно не только подавить воспаление, но и предупредить локальную и генерализованную потерю костной ткани, особенно у больных, получающих глюкокортикоиды (ГК). Перспективным препаратом для лечения вторичного остеопороза (ОП) является деносумаб – полностью человеческое моноклональное антитело, которое связывает RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand), препятствует его взаимодействию с рецептором на остеокластах, снижает их активность и ингибирует резорбцию костной ткани.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценить эффект деносумаба после 12 мес терапии на минеральную плотность кости (МПК) осевого и периферического скелета и деструктивные изменения суставов кистей и стоп у больных РА, получающих ГК.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. 52 женщины в постменопаузе, страдающие РА в сочетании с ОП, дважды подкожно получили деносумаб по 60 мг: исходно и через 6 мес. МПК измеряли до назначения и после 12 мес наблюдения, используя двухэнергетическую рентгеновскую абсорбциометрию трех отделов: поясничного отдела позвоночника (LI–IV), шейки бедра (ШБ) и дистального отдела предплечья (ДОП). Рентгенологические изменения суставов кистей и стоп оценивали с помощью метода Sharp в модификации van der Heijde (SVH) исходно и через 12 мес.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Средний возраст больных составил 58,4±6,4 года, средняя длительность РА – 19,0±10,9 года. Все получали противовоспалительную терапию, в том числе 30 (57,7%) человек – ГК. Средняя МПК LI–IV до и после лечения составила 0,814±0,101 и 0,848±0,103 г/см2 (р&lt;0,001); ШБ – 0,629±0,089 и 0,641±0,090 г/см2 (p=0,02); ДОП – 0,497±0,094 и 0,502±0,091 г/см2 (р=0,34) соответственно. У больных, получавших и не получавших ГК, отмечено достоверное увеличение МПК в LI–IV и тенденция к ее увеличению в ШБ и ДОП. Отмечалось достоверное увеличение выраженности рентгенологических изменений суставов кистей и стоп. У 7 пациентов из 52 отмечено увеличение числа эрозий: 33,0 [4,0; 78,0] исходно и 39,0 [5,0; 90,0] (р=0,017); у 5 пациентов увеличилось количество суженных щелей: 119,0 [18,0; 140,0] и 124,0 [20,0; 146,0] (р=0,043); общий счет SVH увеличился у 8 больных: 175,5 [54,0; 221,5] и 182,0 [57,0; 235,0] (р=0,011) соответственно. При этом при разделении пациентов на группы по приему ГК достоверное увеличение числа эрозий и общего счета SVH наблюдалось только у пациентов, получавших ГК.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Терапия деносумабом по 60 мг подкожно 2 раза в год с интервалом 6 мес позволила достоверно увеличить МПК в LI–IV, независимо от приема ГК. Отрицательная динамика рентгенологических изменений суставов отмечена преимущественно в группе пациентов, получавших ГК.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>When treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is important not only to suppress inflammation, but also to prevent local and generalized bone loss, particularly in patients receiving glucocorticoids (GC). Denosumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), prevents its interaction with receptor on osteoclasts, reduces their activity, and inhibits bone resorption.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate the effect of 12-month therapy with denosumab on bone mineral density (BMD) of the axialand peripheral skeleton and destructive changes in the hand and foot joints of RA patients receiving GC.Subjects and methods. Fifty-two postmenopausal women with RA concurrent with osteoporosis received subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg twice: at baseline and 6 months later. BMD was measured before drug administration and after 12 months of a follow-up, by applying dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of three sections: the lumbar spine (LI–IV), femoral neck (FN), and distal forearm (DF). Radiographic changes in the hand and foot joints were assessed using the Sharp method modified by van der Heijde (SVH) at baseline and 12 months later.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The patients’ mean age was 58.4±6.4 years; the mean RA duration – 19.0±10.9 years. Antiinflammatorytherapy was performed in all the patients, including 30 (57.7%) who received GC. The mean BMD during follow-up increased from 0.814±0.101 to 0.848±0.103 g/cm2 in LI–IV (p&lt;0.001), from 0.629±0.089 to 0.641±0.090 g/cm2 in FN (p=0.02), and from 0.497±0.094 to 0.502±0.091 g/cm2 in DF (р=0.34). The patients receiving and not  receiving GC showed a significant increase in LI–IV BMD and a tendency for its rise in FN and DF. There was a significant increase of X-ray changes in the hand and foot joints. Seven of the 52 patients were found to have a larger number of erosions: 33.0 [4.0; 78.0] at baseline and 39.0 [5.0; 90.0] after 12 months (p=0.017); 5 patients had a larger number of narrowed joint spaces: 119.0 [18.0; 140.0] and 124.0 [20.0; 146.0] (р=0.043); the total SVH score increased in 8 patients: 175.5 [54.0; 221.5] and 182.0 [57.0; 235.0] (р=0.011), respectively. Moreover, dividing the patients into groups according to the use of GC revealed significant increase of the number of erosions and total SVH scores only in the patients receiving GC.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Therapy with subcutaneous denosumab 60 mg twice a year at a 6-month interval could significantly increase LI–IV BMD regardless of GC intake. Progression of radiographic joint changes was noted mainly in patients receiving GC</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>деносумаб</kwd><kwd>глюкокортикоиды</kwd><kwd>минеральная плотность кости</kwd><kwd>эрозии.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>denosumab</kwd><kwd>glucocorticoids</kwd><kwd>bone mineral density</kwd><kwd>erosions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Насонова ВА, редакторы. Ревматология. Национальное руководство. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2008, C. 290 [Nasonov EL, Nasonova VA, editors. Revmatologiya. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo [Rheumatology. National guidelines]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2008. P. 290].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, Насонова ВА, редакторы. Ревматология. Национальное руководство. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2008, C. 290 [Nasonov EL, Nasonova VA, editors. Revmatologiya. Natsional'noe rukovodstvo [Rheumatology. National guidelines]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2008. P. 290].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldring SR. Inflammation-induced bone loss in the rheumatic diseases. In: Primer on metabolic bone disease and disorders of mineral metabolism. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, Inc; 2009. Chapter 59.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldring SR. Inflammation-induced bone loss in the rheumatic diseases. In: Primer on metabolic bone disease and disorders of mineral metabolism. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, Inc; 2009. Chapter 59.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hofbauer LC, Schoppet M. Clinical implications of the osteoprotegerin/ RANKL/RANK system for bone and vascular diseases. JAMA. 2004;292:490–5. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.4.490</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hofbauer LC, Schoppet M. Clinical implications of the osteoprotegerin/ RANKL/RANK system for bone and vascular diseases. JAMA. 2004;292:490–5. doi: 10.1001/jama.292.4.490</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saag KG, Koehnke R, Caldwell JR, et al. Low dose longterm corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of serious adverse events. Am J Med. 1994;96(2):115–23. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90131-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saag KG, Koehnke R, Caldwell JR, et al. Low dose longterm corticosteroid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: an analysis of serious adverse events. Am J Med. 1994;96(2):115–23. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(94)90131-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maricic M. Update on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2011;37(3):415–31. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2011.07.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maricic M. Update on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2011;37(3):415–31. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2011.07.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporosis Int. 2000;11:637–59. doi: 10.1007/s001980070062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tannirandorn P, Epstein S. Drug-induced bone loss. Osteoporosis Int. 2000;11:637–59. doi: 10.1007/s001980070062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк ОМ, Беневоленская ЛИ, редакторы. Остеопороз. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2009.271 с. [Lesnyak OM, Benevolenskaya LI, editors. Osteoporoz [Osteoporosis]. 2nd ed. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. 271 p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лесняк ОМ, Беневоленская ЛИ, редакторы. Остеопороз. 2-е изд., перераб. и доп. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2009.271 с. [Lesnyak OM, Benevolenskaya LI, editors. Osteoporoz [Osteoporosis]. 2nd ed. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2009. 271 p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк ОМ, Баранова ИА, Торопцова НВ. Диагностика, профилактика и лечение глюкокортикоидного остеопороза у мужчин и женщин 18 лет и старше: Клинические рекомендации. Ярославль: ИПК «Литера»; 2013. 48 с. [Lesnyak OM, Baranova IA, Toroptsova NV. Diagnostika, profilaktika i lechenie glyukokortikoidnogo osteoporoza u muzhchin i zhenshchin 18 let i starshe: Klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid osteoporosis in men and women 18 years and older: Clinical Guidelines]. Yaroslavl': IPK «Litera»; 2013. 48 p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лесняк ОМ, Баранова ИА, Торопцова НВ. Диагностика, профилактика и лечение глюкокортикоидного остеопороза у мужчин и женщин 18 лет и старше: Клинические рекомендации. Ярославль: ИПК «Литера»; 2013. 48 с. [Lesnyak OM, Baranova IA, Toroptsova NV. Diagnostika, profilaktika i lechenie glyukokortikoidnogo osteoporoza u muzhchin i zhenshchin 18 let i starshe: Klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid osteoporosis in men and women 18 years and older: Clinical Guidelines]. Yaroslavl': IPK «Litera»; 2013. 48 p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gotzsche PC, Johansen HK. Short-term, low-dose corticosteroids vs placebo and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD000189.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gotzsche PC, Johansen HK. Short-term, low-dose corticosteroids vs placebo and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD000189.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Criswell LA, Saag KG, Sems KM, et al. Moderate-term, lowdose corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001158.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Criswell LA, Saag KG, Sems KM, et al. Moderate-term, lowdose corticosteroids for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD001158.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Подворотова ММ, Дыдыкина ИС, Таскина ЕА и др. Факторы риска переломов у больных ревматоидным артритом (предварительные результаты по материалам многоцентровой программы «Остеопороз при ревматоидном артрите: диагностика, факторы риска, переломы, лечение»). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(2):154–8 [Podvorotova MM, Dydykina IS, Taskina EA, et al. Risk factors for fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (preliminary results of the multicenter program «Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis, risk factors, fractures, treatment»). Nauchnoprakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(2):154–8 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Подворотова ММ, Дыдыкина ИС, Таскина ЕА и др. Факторы риска переломов у больных ревматоидным артритом (предварительные результаты по материалам многоцентровой программы «Остеопороз при ревматоидном артрите: диагностика, факторы риска, переломы, лечение»). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(2):154–8 [Podvorotova MM, Dydykina IS, Taskina EA, et al. Risk factors for fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (preliminary results of the multicenter program «Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis, risk factors, fractures, treatment»). Nauchnoprakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(2):154–8 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Таскина ЕА, Алексеева ЛИ, Дыдыкина ИС и др. Факторы риска развития остеопоропоза у больных ревматоидным артритом (предварительные результаты по материалам многоцентровой программы «Остеопороз при ревматоидном артрите: диагностика, факторы риска, переломы, лечение»). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(4):393–7 [Taskina EA, Alekseeva LI, Dydykina IS, et al. Risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (preliminary results according to the materials of the multicenter program «Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Diagnosis, risk factors, fractures, treatment»). Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(4):393–7 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-393-397</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Таскина ЕА, Алексеева ЛИ, Дыдыкина ИС и др. Факторы риска развития остеопоропоза у больных ревматоидным артритом (предварительные результаты по материалам многоцентровой программы «Остеопороз при ревматоидном артрите: диагностика, факторы риска, переломы, лечение»). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(4):393–7 [Taskina EA, Alekseeva LI, Dydykina IS, et al. Risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (preliminary results according to the materials of the multicenter program «Osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Diagnosis, risk factors, fractures, treatment»). Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(4):393–7 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-393-397</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ghazi M, Kolta S, Briot K, et al. Prevalence of vertebral fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: revisiting the role of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Feb;23(2):581–7. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1584-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ghazi M, Kolta S, Briot K, et al. Prevalence of vertebral fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: revisiting the role of glucocorticoids. Osteoporos Int. 2012 Feb;23(2):581–7. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1584-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haugeberg G, Strand A, Kvien TK, Kirwan JR. Reduced loss of hand bone density with prednisolone in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1293–7. doi: 10.1001/archinte. 165.11.1293</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haugeberg G, Strand A, Kvien TK, Kirwan JR. Reduced loss of hand bone density with prednisolone in early rheumatoid arthritis: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2005;165:1293–7. doi: 10.1001/archinte. 165.11.1293</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Everdingen AA, Jacobs JW, Siewertsz van Reesema DR, Bijlsma JW. Low-dose prednisone therapy for patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis: clinical efficacy, diseasemodifying properties, and side effects: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(1):1–12. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-1-200201010- 00006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Everdingen AA, Jacobs JW, Siewertsz van Reesema DR, Bijlsma JW. Low-dose prednisone therapy for patients with early active rheumatoid arthritis: clinical efficacy, diseasemodifying properties, and side effects: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136(1):1–12. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-136-1-200201010- 00006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kearns AE, Khosla S, Kostenuik PJ. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and osteoprotegerin regulation of bone remodeling in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:155–92. doi: 10.1210/er.2007-0014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kearns AE, Khosla S, Kostenuik PJ. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and osteoprotegerin regulation of bone remodeling in health and disease. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:155–92. doi: 10.1210/er.2007-0014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лесняк ОМ, редактор. Российская ассоциация по остеопорозу. Клинические рекомендации по профилактике и ведению больных с остеопорозом. Ярославль: ИПК «Литера»; 2012. 24 с. [Lesnyak OM, editor. Rossiiskaya assotsiatsiya po osteoporozu. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po profilaktike i vedeniyu bol'nykh s osteoporozom [Russian Association of Osteoporosis. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of patients with osteoporosis]. Yaroslavl': IPK «Litera»; 2012. 24 p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Лесняк ОМ, редактор. Российская ассоциация по остеопорозу. Клинические рекомендации по профилактике и ведению больных с остеопорозом. Ярославль: ИПК «Литера»; 2012. 24 с. [Lesnyak OM, editor. Rossiiskaya assotsiatsiya po osteoporozu. Klinicheskie rekomendatsii po profilaktike i vedeniyu bol'nykh s osteoporozom [Russian Association of Osteoporosis. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of patients with osteoporosis]. Yaroslavl': IPK «Litera»; 2012. 24 p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dore RK, Cohen SB, Lane NE, et al. Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in patients with RA receiving concurrent glucocorticoids or bisphosphonates. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:872–5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.112920</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dore RK, Cohen SB, Lane NE, et al. Effects of denosumab on bone mineral density and bone turnover in patients with RA receiving concurrent glucocorticoids or bisphosphonates. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:872–5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.112920</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deodhar AA, Dore RK, Mandel D, et al. Denosumab-mediated increase in hand bone mineral density associated with decreased progression of bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62(4):569–74. doi: 10.1002/acr.20004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deodhar AA, Dore RK, Mandel D, et al. Denosumab-mediated increase in hand bone mineral density associated with decreased progression of bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62(4):569–74. doi: 10.1002/acr.20004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deodhar AA, Brabyn J, Pande I, et al. Hand bone densitometry in rheumatoid arthritis, a five year longitudinal study: an outcome measure and a prognostic marker. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:767–70. doi: 10.1136/ard.62.8.767</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deodhar AA, Brabyn J, Pande I, et al. Hand bone densitometry in rheumatoid arthritis, a five year longitudinal study: an outcome measure and a prognostic marker. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:767–70. doi: 10.1136/ard.62.8.767</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharp JT, Tsuji W, Ory P, et al. Denosumab prevents metacarpal shaft cortical bone loss in patients with erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62(4): 537–44. doi: 10.1002/acr.20172</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharp JT, Tsuji W, Ory P, et al. Denosumab prevents metacarpal shaft cortical bone loss in patients with erosive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62(4): 537–44. doi: 10.1002/acr.20172</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takeuchi T. Dose-response effects of denosumab, a novel subcutaneous rankl inhibitor, on the progression of bone erosion in japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate: results of phase II DRIVE study-A twelve month placebo controlled, randomized, double blind study. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:S1198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takeuchi T. Dose-response effects of denosumab, a novel subcutaneous rankl inhibitor, on the progression of bone erosion in japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate: results of phase II DRIVE study-A twelve month placebo controlled, randomized, double blind study. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:S1198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tanaka Y. Denosumab for the treatment of joint and bone diseases. Inflam Regenerat. 2011;31(4):344–8. doi: 10.2492/inflammregen.31.344</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tanaka Y. Denosumab for the treatment of joint and bone diseases. Inflam Regenerat. 2011;31(4):344–8. doi: 10.2492/inflammregen.31.344</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zebaze RM, Ghasem-Zadech A, Bohte A, et al. Intracortical remodeling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2010;375:1729–36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60320-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zebaze RM, Ghasem-Zadech A, Bohte A, et al. Intracortical remodeling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2010;375:1729–36. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60320-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
