<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2016-175-182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2213</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мультицентровое открытое рандомизированное сравнительное 12-недельное исследование эффективности и безопасности при ревматоидном артрите метотрексата в форме концентрированного раствора для подкожного введения и в форме таблеток в дозе 15 мг/нед</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>TWELVE-WEEK MULTICENTER OPEN-LABEL RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF METHOTREXATE AS A CONCENTRATED SOLUTION FOR SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATION AND AS 15-MG TABLETS PER WEEK FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьев</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyev</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">murawyu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазуров</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazurov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>191015 Санкт-Петербург, Кирочная ул., 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>41, Kirochnaya St., Saint Petersburg 191015</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кафедра ревматологии Института профессионального образования</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Professional Education</p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГБОУ ВПО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова», Санкт-Петербург</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой, Москва; &#13;
ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow; &#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>07</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>54</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>175</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Муравьев Ю.В., Мазуров В.И., Насонов Е.Л., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Муравьев Ю.В., Мазуров В.И., Насонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Muravyev Y.V., Mazurov V.I., Nasonov E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2213">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2213</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – провести сравнительную оценку эффективности метотрексата (МТ) в форме концентрированного раствора (50 мг/мл) для подкожного введения и МТ в форме таблеток, покрытых оболочкой, применяемых перорально, в одинаковых дозах, равных 15 мг/нед, при ревматоидном артрите (РА).</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование проводилось в двух центрах: ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой и Санкт-Петербургской медицинской академии последипломного образования Федерального агентства по здравоохранению и социальному развитию. В каждом из центров больные рандомизированы на две группы – основную и контрольную. В основной группе больных применялся МТ в форме концентрированного раствора (50 мг/мл) для подкожного введения в дозе 15 мг/нед. Контролем были больные РА, получающие МТ в форме таблеток, покрытых оболочкой, внутрь, один раз в неделю, в той же дозе, что и в основной группе. Основным критерием оценки эффективности терапии является динамика индекса активности заболевания DAS28. Дополнительно для оценки эффективности использовались и другие критерии: оценка активности заболевания врачом, оценка функционального состояния (HAQ); уровень С-реактивного белка. Безопасность применяемых препаратов оценивалась во время каждого визита: учитывались субъективные ощущения больных, данные осмотра и лабораторных исследований.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. После рандомизации (суммарно в двух центрах), основная группа включала  42 больных, контрольная – 23. На основании 95% доверительного интервала для среднего можно сделать заключение о не меньшей эффективности МТ в форме раствора для подкожного введения (основная группа) в сравнении с таблетированной лекарственной формой МТ (контрольная группа). Было показано, что подкожное применение МТ связано с меньшей частотой коррекции терапии, не отличалось по токсичности и было эффективнее перорального приема МТ. Кроме того, подкожное введение МТ позволяет заметно снизить потребность в назначении генно-инженерных биологических препаратов.</p><p>Конечное значение DAS28 в основной группе не превосходит аналогичный показатель в контрольной (t-критерий). Ремиссия наблюдалась только при подкожном введении препарата.</p><p>Таким образом, на основании результатов исследования можно сделать вывод, что МТ в форме концентрированного (50 мг/мл) раствора для подкожного введения может быть препаратом выбора для лечения больных активным РА.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to evaluate of the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) as a concentrated solution (50 mg/ml) for subcutaneous administration versus coated tablets at equal oral doses of 15 mg/week for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and methods</title><p>Subjects and methods. The study was conducted at two centers: the V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology and the Saint Petersburg Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Federal Agency for Healthcare and Social Development. At each center, the patients were randomized into two groups: a study group and a control group. In the study group, MTX was used as a concentrated solution (50 mg/ml) for subcutaneous administration at a dose of 15 mg/week. The controls were patients with RA who took MTX as coated tablets once weekly at the same dose as used in the study group. A trend in the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28) was a main criterion for evaluating therapy efficiency. For efficiency evaluation, other criteria were additionally used; these included disease activity assessment by a physician; functional status assessment (Health Assessment Questionnaire); C-reactive protein level. The safety of the used MTX formulations was evaluated during each visit: the patients' subjective sensations and examination and laboratory findings were kept in mind.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. After randomization (totally at the two centers), the study group included 42 patients and the control group comprised 23. Based on 95% confidence interval for the mean, it may be concluded that the efficiency of MTX as a solution for subcutaneous administration (the study group) is no less than that of MTX as tablets (the control group). Subcutaneous MTX was shown to be associated with the lower rate of therapy correction than oral MTX; and did not differ from it in toxicity. In addition, subcutaneous MTX may noticeably reduce the need for biological agents.</p><p>The final DAS28 value in the study group does not exceed that in the control group (t-test). Remission was observed only after subcutaneous administration of the drug.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that MTX as a concentrated (50 mg/ml) solution for subcutaneous administration may be the drug of choice for the treatment of patients with active RA.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>метотрексат в форме раствора для подкожного введения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>methotrexate as a solution for subcutaneous administration</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Насонова ВА, редакторы. Ревматология: Национальное руководство. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2008 [Nasonov EL, Nasonova VA, editors. Revmatologiya: Natsional’noe rukovodstvo [Rheumatology: National guidelines]. Moscow: GEOTAR Media; 2008].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, Насонова ВА, редакторы. Ревматология: Национальное руководство. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2008 [Nasonov EL, Nasonova VA, editors. Revmatologiya: Natsional’noe rukovodstvo [Rheumatology: National guidelines]. Moscow: GEOTAR Media; 2008].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Effectiveness profiles and dose dependent retention of traditional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. An observational study. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:1631-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aletaha D, Smolen JS. Effectiveness profiles and dose dependent retention of traditional disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis. An observational study. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:1631-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bannwarth B, Labat L, Moride Y, et al. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. An update. Drugs. 1994;47:25-50. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199447010-00003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bannwarth B, Labat L, Moride Y, et al. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. An update. Drugs. 1994;47:25-50. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199447010-00003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yazici Y, Sokka T, Kautiainen H, et al. Long-term safety of methotrexate in routine clinical care: discontinuation is unusual and rarely the result of laboratory abnormalities. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:207-11. doi: 10.1136/ard.2004.023408</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yazici Y, Sokka T, Kautiainen H, et al. Long-term safety of methotrexate in routine clinical care: discontinuation is unusual and rarely the result of laboratory abnormalities. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:207-11. doi: 10.1136/ard.2004.023408</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wluka A, Buchbinder R, Mylvaganam A, et al. Long-term methotrexate use in rheumatoid arthritis: 12 year follow up of 460 patients treated in community practice. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1864-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wluka A, Buchbinder R, Mylvaganam A, et al. Long-term methotrexate use in rheumatoid arthritis: 12 year follow up of 460 patients treated in community practice. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1864-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kremer JM, Phelps CT. Long-term prospective study of the use of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Update after a mean of 90 months. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35:138-45. doi: 10.1002/art.1780350203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kremer JM, Phelps CT. Long-term prospective study of the use of methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Update after a mean of 90 months. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35:138-45. doi: 10.1002/art.1780350203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Breedveld FC, Weisman MH, Kavanaugh AF, et al. The PREMIER study: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:26-37. doi: 10.1002/art.21519</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Breedveld FC, Weisman MH, Kavanaugh AF, et al. The PREMIER study: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial of combination therapy with adalimumab plus methotrexate versus methotrexate alone or adalimumab alone in patients with early, aggressive rheumatoid arthritis who had not had previous methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54:26-37. doi: 10.1002/art.21519</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Emery P, Breedveld FC, Hall S, et al. Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treat￾ment trial. Lancet. 2008;372:375-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(08)61000-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emery P, Breedveld FC, Hall S, et al. Comparison of methotrexate monotherapy with a combination of methotrexate and etanercept in active, early, moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (COMET): a randomised, double-blind, parallel treat￾ment trial. Lancet. 2008;372:375-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(08)61000-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavanaugh A, Fleischmann RM, Emery P, et al. Clinical, functional and radiographic consequences of achieving stable low dis￾ease activity and remission with adalimumab plus methotrexate or methotrexate alone in early rheumatoid arthritis: 26-week results from the randomised, controlled OPTIMA study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:64-71. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201247</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavanaugh A, Fleischmann RM, Emery P, et al. Clinical, functional and radiographic consequences of achieving stable low dis￾ease activity and remission with adalimumab plus methotrexate or methotrexate alone in early rheumatoid arthritis: 26-week results from the randomised, controlled OPTIMA study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:64-71. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201247</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">St Clair EW, van der Heijde DM, Smolen JS, et al. Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:3432-43. doi: 10.1002/art.20568</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">St Clair EW, van der Heijde DM, Smolen JS, et al. Combination of infliximab and methotrexate therapy for early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50:3432-43. doi: 10.1002/art.20568</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tak PP, Rigby WF, Rubbert-Roth A, et al. Inhibition of joint damage and improved clinical outcomes with rituximab plus methotrexate in early active rheumatoid arthritis: the IMAGE trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:39-46. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.137703</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tak PP, Rigby WF, Rubbert-Roth A, et al. Inhibition of joint damage and improved clinical outcomes with rituximab plus methotrexate in early active rheumatoid arthritis: the IMAGE trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70:39-46. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.137703</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Westhovens R, Robles M, Ximenes AC, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1870-7. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.101121</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Westhovens R, Robles M, Ximenes AC, et al. Clinical efficacy and safety of abatacept in methotrexate-naive patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and poor prognostic factors. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1870-7. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.101121</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Heimans L, Wevers-de Boer KV, Visser K, et al. A two-step treatment strategy trial in patients with early arthritis aimed at achieving remission: the IMPROVED study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1356-61. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203243</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Heimans L, Wevers-de Boer KV, Visser K, et al. A two-step treatment strategy trial in patients with early arthritis aimed at achieving remission: the IMPROVED study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1356-61. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203243</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klareskog L, van der Heijde D, de Jager JP, et al. Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blindrandomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363:675-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15640-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klareskog L, van der Heijde D, de Jager JP, et al. Therapeutic effect of the combination of etanercept and methotrexate compared with each treatment alone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: double-blindrandomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;363:675-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15640-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS, Landewe R, Breedveld FC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:492-509. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204573</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS, Landewe R, Breedveld FC, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2013 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:492-509. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204573</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kay J, Westhovens R. Methotrexate: the gold standard without standardization. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(7):1081-2. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.102822</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kay J, Westhovens R. Methotrexate: the gold standard without standardization. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(7):1081-2. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.102822</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pincus T, Yazici Y, SokkaT, et al. Methotrexate as the «anchor drug» for the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp. Rheumatol. 2003;21 Suppl 31:S179-185.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pincus T, Yazici Y, SokkaT, et al. Methotrexate as the «anchor drug» for the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp. Rheumatol. 2003;21 Suppl 31:S179-185.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoekstra M, Haagsma C, Neef C, et al. Bioavailability of higher dose methotrexate comparing oral and subcutaneous administration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(4):645-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoekstra M, Haagsma C, Neef C, et al. Bioavailability of higher dose methotrexate comparing oral and subcutaneous administration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004;31(4):645-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kubisch SA, Weigand T, Plischke H, Menninger H. Bioverfugbarkeit von Methotrexat (MTX) in unter schiedlichen Applikationsarten [Bioavailability of Methotrexate (MTX) following different routes of application]. Akt Rheumatol. 2004;29:197- 200 (In Germ.). doi: 10.1055/s-2004-813426</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kubisch SA, Weigand T, Plischke H, Menninger H. Bioverfugbarkeit von Methotrexat (MTX) in unter schiedlichen Applikationsarten [Bioavailability of Methotrexate (MTX) following different routes of application]. Akt Rheumatol. 2004;29:197- 200 (In Germ.). doi: 10.1055/s-2004-813426</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Braun J, Kä stner P, Flaxenberg P, et al.; MC-MTX.6/RH Study Group. Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous versus oral administration of methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a six-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase IV trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(1):73-81. doi: 10.1002/art.23144</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Braun J, Kä stner P, Flaxenberg P, et al.; MC-MTX.6/RH Study Group. Comparison of the clinical efficacy and safety of subcutaneous versus oral administration of methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a six-month, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled, phase IV trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(1):73-81. doi: 10.1002/art.23144</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муравьев ЮВ, Денисов ЛН, Алексеева АВ и др. Открытое контролируемое рандомизированное 24-недельное сравнительное исследование инъекционной и таблетированной лекарственных форм метотрексата при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;49(5):58-61. [Muravyev YV, Denisov LN, Alekseyeva AV, et al. 24-week open-label controlled randomized comparative study of the injectable and tabletted formulations of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(5):58-61 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-1462</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Муравьев ЮВ, Денисов ЛН, Алексеева АВ и др. Открытое контролируемое рандомизированное 24-недельное сравнительное исследование инъекционной и таблетированной лекарственных форм метотрексата при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;49(5):58-61. [Muravyev YV, Denisov LN, Alekseyeva AV, et al. 24-week open-label controlled randomized comparative study of the injectable and tabletted formulations of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(5):58-61 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-1462</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муравьев ЮВ, Гриднева ГИ, Каратеев ДЕ и др. Оценка влияния метотрексата на острофазовый ответ при ревматоидном артрите после лечения в течение 12 недель. Клиническая медицина. 2014;(3):59-62 [Murav'ev YuV, Gridneva GI, Karateev DE, et al. Assessing the impact of methotrexate in the acute phase response in rheumatoid arthritis after treatment for 12 weeks. Klinicheskaya Meditsina. 2014;(3):59-62 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Муравьев ЮВ, Гриднева ГИ, Каратеев ДЕ и др. Оценка влияния метотрексата на острофазовый ответ при ревматоидном артрите после лечения в течение 12 недель. Клиническая медицина. 2014;(3):59-62 [Murav'ev YuV, Gridneva GI, Karateev DE, et al. Assessing the impact of methotrexate in the acute phase response in rheumatoid arthritis after treatment for 12 weeks. Klinicheskaya Meditsina. 2014;(3):59-62 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муравьев ЮВ, Гриднева ГИ, Каратеев ДЕ, Лучихина ЕЛ. Безопасность применения метотрексата в форме раствора для подкожных инъекций у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(4):371-4 [Muravyev YuV, Gridneva GI, Karateev DE, Luchichina EL. Safety of using methotrexate solution for subcutaneous injections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(4):371-4 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-371-374</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Муравьев ЮВ, Гриднева ГИ, Каратеев ДЕ, Лучихина ЕЛ. Безопасность применения метотрексата в форме раствора для подкожных инъекций у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(4):371-4 [Muravyev YuV, Gridneva GI, Karateev DE, Luchichina EL. Safety of using methotrexate solution for subcutaneous injections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(4):371-4 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-371-374</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auvinet B, Jarrier I, Le Levier F, et al. [Compared bioavailability of methotrexate administered orally or intramuscularly in rheumatoid arthritis]. Presse Med. 1992;21(17):822 (In French).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auvinet B, Jarrier I, Le Levier F, et al. [Compared bioavailability of methotrexate administered orally or intramuscularly in rheumatoid arthritis]. Presse Med. 1992;21(17):822 (In French).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cronstein BN. Low-dose methotrexate: a mainstay in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Rev. 2005;57(2):163-72. doi: 10.1124/pr.57.2.3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cronstein BN. Low-dose methotrexate: a mainstay in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Rev. 2005;57(2):163-72. doi: 10.1124/pr.57.2.3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Herman RA, Veng-Pedersen P, Hoffman J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Pharm Sci. 1989;78(2):165-71. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600780219</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Herman RA, Veng-Pedersen P, Hoffman J, et al. Pharmacokinetics of low-dose methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Pharm Sci. 1989;78(2):165-71. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600780219</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mü ller-Ladner U, Rockwitz K, Brandt-Jü rgens J, et al.; MCMTX.10/RH Study Group. Tolerability and patient/physician satisfaction with subcutaneously administered methotrexate provided in two formulations of different drug concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Open Rheumatol J. 2010;4:15-22. doi: 10.2174/1874312901004010015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mü ller-Ladner U, Rockwitz K, Brandt-Jü rgens J, et al.; MCMTX.10/RH Study Group. Tolerability and patient/physician satisfaction with subcutaneously administered methotrexate provided in two formulations of different drug concentrations in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Open Rheumatol J. 2010;4:15-22. doi: 10.2174/1874312901004010015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31(3):315-24. doi: 10.1002/art.1780310302</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31(3):315-24. doi: 10.1002/art.1780310302</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevoo ML, van’t Hof MA, Kuper HH, et al. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Jan;38(1):44-8. doi: 10.1002/art.1780380107</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prevoo ML, van’t Hof MA, Kuper HH, et al. Modified disease activity scores that include twenty-eight-joint counts. Development and validation in a prospective longitudinal study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1995 Jan;38(1):44-8. doi: 10.1002/art.1780380107</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Метотрексат. Перспективы применения в ревматологии. Москва: Филоматис; 2005. 200 с. [Nasonov EL. Metotreksat. Perspektivy primeneniya v revmatologii [Methotrexate. Prospects for use in rheumatology]. Moscow: Filomatis; 2005. 200 p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ. Метотрексат. Перспективы применения в ревматологии. Москва: Филоматис; 2005. 200 с. [Nasonov EL. Metotreksat. Perspektivy primeneniya v revmatologii [Methotrexate. Prospects for use in rheumatology]. Moscow: Filomatis; 2005. 200 p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Ревматология: Клинические рекомендации. 2-е изд. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2010. 752 с. [Nasonov EL, editor. Revmatologiya: Klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Rheumatology: Clinical guidelines]. 2nd ed. Moscow: GEOTAR Media; 2010. 752 p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Ревматология: Клинические рекомендации. 2-е изд. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2010. 752 с. [Nasonov EL, editor. Revmatologiya: Klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Rheumatology: Clinical guidelines]. 2nd ed. Moscow: GEOTAR Media; 2010. 752 p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brooks PJ, Spruill WJ, Parish RC, Birchmore DA. Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate administered by intramuscular and subcutaneous injections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:91-4. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330112</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brooks PJ, Spruill WJ, Parish RC, Birchmore DA. Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate administered by intramuscular and subcutaneous injections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33:91-4. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330112</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jundt JW, Browne BA, Fiocco GP, et al. A comparison of low dose methotrexate bioavailability: oral solution, oral tablet, subcutaneous and intramuscular dosing. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(11):1845-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jundt JW, Browne BA, Fiocco GP, et al. A comparison of low dose methotrexate bioavailability: oral solution, oral tablet, subcutaneous and intramuscular dosing. J Rheumatol. 1993;20(11):1845-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arthur V, Jubb R, Homer D. A study of parenteral use of methotrexate in rheumatic conditions. J Clin Nurs. 2002;11:256- 63. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00573.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arthur V, Jubb R, Homer D. A study of parenteral use of methotrexate in rheumatic conditions. J Clin Nurs. 2002;11:256- 63. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2702.2002.00573.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiff MH, Jaffe JS, Freundlich B. Head-to-head, randomised, crossover study of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: drug-exposure limitations of oral methotrexate at doses &gt;/=15 mg may be overcome with subcutaneous administration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1549-51. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205228</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiff MH, Jaffe JS, Freundlich B. Head-to-head, randomised, crossover study of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: drug-exposure limitations of oral methotrexate at doses &gt;/=15 mg may be overcome with subcutaneous administration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1549-51. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205228</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wegrzyn J, Adeleine P, Miossec P. Better efficacy of methotrexate given by intramuscular injection than orally in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(10):1232-4. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.011593</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wegrzyn J, Adeleine P, Miossec P. Better efficacy of methotrexate given by intramuscular injection than orally in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63(10):1232-4. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.011593</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bykerk VP, Akhavan P, Hazlewood GS, et al. Canadian Rheumatology Association recommendations for pharmacological management of rheumatoid arthritis with traditional and biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(8):1559-82. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.110207</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bykerk VP, Akhavan P, Hazlewood GS, et al. Canadian Rheumatology Association recommendations for pharmacological management of rheumatoid arthritis with traditional and biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. J Rheumatol. 2012;39(8):1559-82. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.110207</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Jong PH, Hazes JM, Barendregt PJ, et al. Induction therapy with a combination of DMARDs is better than methotrexate monotherapy: first results of the tREACH trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:72-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201162</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Jong PH, Hazes JM, Barendregt PJ, et al. Induction therapy with a combination of DMARDs is better than methotrexate monotherapy: first results of the tREACH trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:72-8. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201162</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hazlewood GS, Thorne JC, Pope JE, et al. The comparative effectiveness of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate for the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 May 15. pii: annrheumdis-2014-206504. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014- 206504 [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hazlewood GS, Thorne JC, Pope JE, et al. The comparative effectiveness of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate for the treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 May 15. pii: annrheumdis-2014-206504. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014- 206504 [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bianchi G, Caporali R, Todoerti M, Mattana P. Methotrexate and rheumatoid arthritis: current evidence regarding subcutaneous versus oral routes of administration. Adv Ther. 2016 Mar;33(3):369- 78. doi: 10.1007/s12325-016-0295-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bianchi G, Caporali R, Todoerti M, Mattana P. Methotrexate and rheumatoid arthritis: current evidence regarding subcutaneous versus oral routes of administration. Adv Ther. 2016 Mar;33(3):369- 78. doi: 10.1007/s12325-016-0295-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Мазуров В И, Каратеев ДЕ и др. Проект рекомендаций по лечению ревматоидного артрита Общероссийской общественной организации «Ассоциация ревматологов России» – 2014 (часть 1). Научно-практическая ревматоло- гия. 2014;52(5):477-94 [Nasonov EL, Mazurov VI, Karateev DE, et al. Spondyloarthritis: Evolution of a concept. Project: recommendations on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis developed by All-Russian Public organization «Association of Rheumatologists of Russia» – 2014 (part 1). Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(5):477-94 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-477-494</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, Мазуров В И, Каратеев ДЕ и др. Проект рекомендаций по лечению ревматоидного артрита Общероссийской общественной организации «Ассоциация ревматологов России» – 2014 (часть 1). Научно-практическая ревматоло- гия. 2014;52(5):477-94 [Nasonov EL, Mazurov VI, Karateev DE, et al. Spondyloarthritis: Evolution of a concept. Project: recommendations on treatment of rheumatoid arthritis developed by All-Russian Public organization «Association of Rheumatologists of Russia» – 2014 (part 1). Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(5):477-94 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-477-494</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
