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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2016-693-704</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2325</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГРЕСС В РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ В XXI ВЕКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROGRESS IN RHEUMATOLOGY IN THE XXI CENTURY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Боль и воспаление. Часть 1. Патогенетические аспекты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PAIN AND INFLAMMATION. PART 1. PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>зав. лабораторией гастроэнтерологических проблем при ревматических заболеваниях ФГБНУ НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой, канд. мед. наук</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aekarateev@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>D. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врио директора ФГБНУ НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой, докт. мед. наук</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ведущий научный сотрудник Научно-практического психоневрологического центра им. З.П. Соловьева Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы, канд. мед. наук</p><p>115419 Москва, ул. Донская, 43</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>43, Donskaya St., Moscow 115419</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V. A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-практический психоневрологический центр им. З.П. Соловьева Департамента здравоохранения г. Москвы</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Z.P. Solovyev Research and Practical Center of Psychoneurology, Moscow Healthcare Department</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>01</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>54</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>693</fpage><lpage>704</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каратеев А.Е., Каратеев Д.Е., Давыдов О.С., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каратеев А.Е., Каратеев Д.Е., Давыдов О.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karateev A.E., Karateev D.E., Davydov O.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2325">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2325</self-uri><abstract><p>Облегчение страданий, связанное с быстрым и максимально полным устранением болевых ощущений, – важнейшая задача, стоящая перед врачами многих медицинских специальностей. Очевидно, что решить ее можно лишь при четком понимании процессов, определяющих развитие и хронизацию боли. Ключевую роль здесь играет воспаление – универсальный приспособительный механизм, всегда сопровождающий повреждение живой ткани. В первой части настоящего обзора рассмотрены основные этапы развития воспалительной реакции, начиная от первичного повреждения, сопровождающегося выбросом молекул, выступающих как «сигнал тревоги», и заканчивая развертыванием полной картины воспалительного ответа с привлечением многих клеточных элементов и гиперэкспрессией цитокинов и провоспалительных медиаторов. Представлена биологическая основа феномена периферической и центральной сенситизации ноцицептивной системы, который жестко связан с воспалением. Особое внимание уделяется возможности естественного завершения воспалительной реакции, адаптивным механизмам, регулирующим данный процесс, а также причинам, препятствующим этому и определяющим хронизацию воспаления.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relief of suffering, which is associated with a rapid and complete elimination of painful sensations, is the most important challenge facing physicians of many specialties. It is obvious that it can be solved only when you understand clearly the processes governing the development and chronization of pain. Inflammation, a universal adaptive mechanism that always accompanies damage to living tissues, plays a key role. Part 1 of this review considers the main stages of development of an inflammatory response, beginning with primary damage accompanied by the release of molecules acting as an alarm and ending with the deployment of a complete picture of the inflammatory response with the involvement of many cell elements and the overexpression of cytokines and proinflammatory mediators. The biological basis of the peripheral and central nociceptive sensitization phenomenon that is rigidly associated with inflammation is presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the possible natural completion of the inflammatory response, on the adaptive mechanisms regulating this process and on the reasons that prevent this and determines inflammation chronization.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>боль</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>медиаторы воспаления и боли</kwd><kwd>ноцицепторы</kwd><kwd>периферическая и центральная сенситизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pain</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>mediators of inflammation and pain</kwd><kwd>nociceptors</kwd><kwd>peripheral and central sensitization</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Maini M, Adelowo F, Al Saleh J, et al. 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