<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2017-87-95</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2343</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГРАММА НЕПРЕРЫВНОГО ПОСЛЕДИПЛОМНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ВРАЧЕЙ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM OF CONTINUING MEDICAL EDUCATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интерстициальное поражение легких, ассоциированное с системной склеродермией (прогрессирующим системным склерозом)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьева</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananyeva</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>заведующая лабораторией микроциркуляции и воспаления ФГБНУ НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой, докт. мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Москва, Россия 115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, Russia  34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lpana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>87</fpage><lpage>95</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ананьева Л.П., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ананьева Л.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ananyeva L.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2343">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2343</self-uri><abstract><p>В основе патогенеза системной склеродермии (ССД) лежат иммунные нарушения, инициирующие воспаление, а также васкулопатия с выраженными нарушениями микроциркуляции и генерализованный фиброз. Поражение легких при ССД обусловлено поражением артерий и/или фиброзирующим процессом в легочной паренхиме и протекает в виде двух основных синдромов, редко сочетающихся у одного больного – легочной артериальной гипертензии и интерстициальных поражений легких (ИПЛ). При ССД поражение легких негативно влияет на прогноз и занимает первое место среди причин смерти. Обзор посвящен ИПЛ – самому частому поражению респираторного тракта при ССД, которое выявляется у 80% больных по данным мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии (МСКТ) грудной клетки. Гистологические появления сходны с таковыми идиопатических ИПЛ, но гистологический тип не определяет прогноз. Течение ИПЛ при ССД относительно доброкачественное, нередко субклиническое. Тяжелое прогрессирующее поражение развивается только в 10–15% случаев. Клинически значимые изменения в паренхиме легких развиваются рано, в первые 3–5 лет болезни. По данным функциональных легочных тестов у большинства больных длительно регистрируется относительно сохранная и стабильная форсированная жизненная емкость легких, но у 70–80% больных снижена диффузионная способность легких. Показатели легочных тестов при первом осмотре имеют прогностическое значение – чем они ниже нормы, тем хуже прогноз. Необходимо проведение МСКТ грудной клетки всем больным с впервые установленным диагнозом ССД, так как количественные (распространенность) и качественные (матовое стекло, сотовое легкое) параметры влияют на определение терапевтической тактики. Лечение ИПЛ проводят только больным с очевидными признаками прогрессирования, которые определяют по динамике снижения показателей функциональных легочных тестов. Для лечения ИПЛ применяют иммуносупрессанты, препаратом выбора является циклофосфан; в настоящее время испытываются генно-инженерные биологические препараты, в частности тоцилизумаб.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The basis for the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SS) is immune disorders that initiate inflammation, as well as vasculopathy with obvious microcirculatory disturbances, and generalized fibrosis. In SS, lung injury is due to an arterial lesion and/or a fibrotic process in the lung parenchyma and occurs as two major syndromes that are rarely concurrent in one patient; these are pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung disease (ILD). In SS, lung injury negatively affects the prognosis and ranks first among the causes of death. The review focuses on ILD, the most common injury of the respiratory tract in SS, which is detectable in 80% of patients, as evidenced by multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the chest. The histological manifestations are similar to those of idiopathic ILDs, but the histological type does not determine the prognosis. The course of ILD in SS is relatively benign, often subclinical. A severe progressive lesion develops only in 10–15% of cases. Clinically significant changes in the lung parenchyma develop early, within the first 3–5 years of the disease. Pulmonary functional tests show that relatively preserved and stable forced vital capacity is long recorded in the majority of patients, but the diffusing capacity of the lung is reduced in 70–80% of the patients. The values of pulmonary tests during the first examination are of prognostic value; the lower than normal they are, the worse the prognosis. Chest MSCT should be carried out in all patients with newly diagnosed SS, as the quantitative (prevalence) and qualitative (frosted glass, honeycomb lung) indicators affect the determination of therapy policy. ILD treatment is performed only in patients with obvious signs of progression, which are determined from the time course of changes in the decrease of values of pulmonary functional tests. Immunosuppressants, cyclophosphamide being the drug of choice, are used to treat ILD; biological agents, tocilizumab in particular, are currently being tested.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системная склеродермия</kwd><kwd>интерстициальное поражение легких</kwd><kwd>мультиспиральная компьютерная томография</kwd><kwd>форсированная жизненная емкость легких</kwd><kwd>диффузионная способность легких</kwd><kwd>прогноз.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic sclerosis</kwd><kwd>interstitial lung disease</kwd><kwd>multislice spiral computed tomography</kwd><kwd>forced vital capacity</kwd><kwd>diffusing capacity of the lung</kwd><kwd>prognosis.</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steen VD, Medsger TA. Changes in causes of death in systemic sclerosis, 1972-2002. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:940-4. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.066068</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steen VD, Medsger TA. Changes in causes of death in systemic sclerosis, 1972-2002. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:940-4. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.066068</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусева НГ. Системная склеродермия. В кн.: Сигидин ЯА, Гусева НГ, Иванова ММ. Диффузные болезни соединительной ткани. Москва: Медицина; 2004. С. 341- 57 [Guseva NG. Systemic sclerosis. In: Sigidin YaA, Guseva NG, Ivanova MM. Diffuznye bolezni soedinitel’noi tkani [Diffuse connective tissue disease]. Moscow: Meditsina; 2004. P. 341- 57].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гусева НГ. Системная склеродермия. В кн.: Сигидин ЯА, Гусева НГ, Иванова ММ. Диффузные болезни соединительной ткани. Москва: Медицина; 2004. С. 341- 57 [Guseva NG. Systemic sclerosis. In: Sigidin YaA, Guseva NG, Ivanova MM. Diffuznye bolezni soedinitel’noi tkani [Diffuse connective tissue disease]. Moscow: Meditsina; 2004. P. 341- 57].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varga J, Abraham D. Systemic sclerosis: a prototypic multisystem fibrotic disorder. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:557-67. doi: 10.1172/JCI31139</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varga J, Abraham D. Systemic sclerosis: a prototypic multisystem fibrotic disorder. J Clin Invest. 2007;117:557-67. doi: 10.1172/JCI31139</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gabrielli E, Avvedimento V, Krieg T. Mechanisms of disease: Scleroderma. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(19):1989-2003. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0806188</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gabrielli E, Avvedimento V, Krieg T. Mechanisms of disease: Scleroderma. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(19):1989-2003. doi: 10.1056/NEJMra0806188</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гусева НГ. Системная склеродермия. В кн.: Ревматология. Национальное руководство. Москва; 2008. С. 447-66 [Guseva NG. Systemic sclerosis. In: Revmatologiya. Natsional’noe rukovodstvo [Rheumatology. National guidelines]. Moscow; 2008. P. 447-66].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Гусева НГ. Системная склеродермия. В кн.: Ревматология. Национальное руководство. Москва; 2008. С. 447-66 [Guseva NG. Systemic sclerosis. In: Revmatologiya. Natsional’noe rukovodstvo [Rheumatology. National guidelines]. Moscow; 2008. P. 447-66].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tyndall AJ, Bannert B, Vonk M, et al. Causes and risk factors for death in systemic sclerosis: a study from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) database. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Oct;69(10):1809-15. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.114264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tyndall AJ, Bannert B, Vonk M, et al. Causes and risk factors for death in systemic sclerosis: a study from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research (EUSTAR) database. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Oct;69(10):1809-15. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.114264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bakst R, Merola JE, Franks AG Jr, Sanchez M. Raynaud's phenomenon: pathogenesis and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:633-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.06.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bakst R, Merola JE, Franks AG Jr, Sanchez M. Raynaud's phenomenon: pathogenesis and management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;59:633-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.06.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алекперов РТ. Синдром Рейно как мультидисциплинарная проблема. Альманах клинической медицины. 2014;35:94-100 [Alekperov RT. Raynaud's syndrome is a multidisciplinary problem. Al’manakh Klinicheskoi Meditsiny. 2014;35:94-100 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алекперов РТ. Синдром Рейно как мультидисциплинарная проблема. Альманах клинической медицины. 2014;35:94-100 [Alekperov RT. Raynaud's syndrome is a multidisciplinary problem. Al’manakh Klinicheskoi Meditsiny. 2014;35:94-100 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Afeltra A, Zennaro D, Garzia P, et al. Prevalence of interstitial lung involvement in patients with connective tissue diseases assessed with high-resolution computed tomography. Scand J Rheumatol. 2006;35(5):388-94. doi: 10.1080/03009740600844381</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Afeltra A, Zennaro D, Garzia P, et al. Prevalence of interstitial lung involvement in patients with connective tissue diseases assessed with high-resolution computed tomography. Scand J Rheumatol. 2006;35(5):388-94. doi: 10.1080/03009740600844381</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goh NS, Desai SR, Veeraraghavan S, et al. Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: a simple staging system. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Jun 1;177(11):1248-54. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200706-877OC. Epub 2008 Mar 27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goh NS, Desai SR, Veeraraghavan S, et al. Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis: a simple staging system. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008 Jun 1;177(11):1248-54. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200706-877OC. Epub 2008 Mar 27.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Теплова ЛВ, Ананьева ЛП, Лесняк ВН и др. Системная склеродермия с интерстициальным поражением легких: сравнительная клиническая характеристика с больными без поражения легких. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2010;48(3):41-7 [Teplova LV, Ananyeva LP, Lesnyak VN, et al. Scleroderma systematica with interstitial lung lesion: comparative clinical characteristicswith patients without lung lesion. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2010;48(3):41-7 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2010-442</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Теплова ЛВ, Ананьева ЛП, Лесняк ВН и др. Системная склеродермия с интерстициальным поражением легких: сравнительная клиническая характеристика с больными без поражения легких. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2010;48(3):41-7 [Teplova LV, Ananyeva LP, Lesnyak VN, et al. Scleroderma systematica with interstitial lung lesion: comparative clinical characteristicswith patients without lung lesion. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2010;48(3):41-7 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2010-442</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nichtyanova SI, Tang EC, Coghlan JG, et al. Improved survival in systemic sclerosis is associated with better ascertainment of internal organ disease: a retrospective cohort study. QJM. 2010;103:109-15. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcp174</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nichtyanova SI, Tang EC, Coghlan JG, et al. Improved survival in systemic sclerosis is associated with better ascertainment of internal organ disease: a retrospective cohort study. QJM. 2010;103:109-15. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcp174</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Laar JM, Farge D, Sont JK, et al. High dose immunoablation and autolougous hematopoetic stem cell transplantation versus monthly intravenous pulse therapy cyclophosphamide in severe systemic sclerosis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:4167.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Laar JM, Farge D, Sont JK, et al. High dose immunoablation and autolougous hematopoetic stem cell transplantation versus monthly intravenous pulse therapy cyclophosphamide in severe systemic sclerosis [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64:4167.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bouros D, Wells AU, Nicholson AG, et al. Histopathologic subsets of fibrosing alveolitis in patients with systemic sclerosis and their relationship to outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:1581-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.2106012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bouros D, Wells AU, Nicholson AG, et al. Histopathologic subsets of fibrosing alveolitis in patients with systemic sclerosis and their relationship to outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;165:1581-6. doi: 10.1164/rccm.2106012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Eng J Med. 2006;354:2655-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa055120</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tashkin DP, Elashoff R, Clements PJ, et al. Cyclophosphamide versus placebo in scleroderma lung disease. N Eng J Med. 2006;354:2655-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa055120</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer A, Swigris JJ, Groshong SD, et al. Clinically significant interstitial lung disease in limited scleroderma: histopathology, clinical features, and survival. Chest. 2008;134:601-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0053</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer A, Swigris JJ, Groshong SD, et al. Clinically significant interstitial lung disease in limited scleroderma: histopathology, clinical features, and survival. Chest. 2008;134:601-5. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0053</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steen VD, Medsger AT. Severe organ involvement in systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:2437-44. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200011)43:11&lt;2437::AIDANR10&gt;3.0.CO;2-U</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steen VD, Medsger AT. Severe organ involvement in systemic sclerosis with diffuse scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43:2437-44. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(200011)43:11&lt;2437::AIDANR10&gt;3.0.CO;2-U</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clements PJ, Roth MD, Elashoff R, et al. Scleroderma lung study (SLS): differences in the presentation and course of patients with limited versus diffuse systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(12):1641-7. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.069518</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Clements PJ, Roth MD, Elashoff R, et al. Scleroderma lung study (SLS): differences in the presentation and course of patients with limited versus diffuse systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(12):1641-7. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.069518</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nyhtyanova SI, Schreiber BE, Ong VH, et al. Prediction of pulmonary complication and long-term survival in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2014;66(6):1625-35. doi: 10.1002/art.38390</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nyhtyanova SI, Schreiber BE, Ong VH, et al. Prediction of pulmonary complication and long-term survival in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2014;66(6):1625-35. doi: 10.1002/art.38390</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Launay D, Remy-Jardin M, Michon-Pasturel U, et al. High resolution computed tomography in fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:1789-801.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Launay D, Remy-Jardin M, Michon-Pasturel U, et al. High resolution computed tomography in fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol. 2006;33:1789-801.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldin JG, Lynch DA, Strollo DC, et al. High-resolution CT scan findings in patients with symptomatic scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease. Chest. 2008;134(2):358-67. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-2444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldin JG, Lynch DA, Strollo DC, et al. High-resolution CT scan findings in patients with symptomatic scleroderma-related interstitial lung disease. Chest. 2008;134(2):358-67. doi: 10.1378/chest.07-2444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ананьева ЛП, Теплова ЛВ, Лесняк ВН и др. Клиническая оценка проявлений интерстициальных поражений легких при системной склеродермии по данным компьютерной томографии высокого разрешения. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;49(2):30-9 [Anan’eva LP, Teplova LV, Lesnyak VN, et al. Clinical evaluation of the manifestations of interstitial lung injuryin systemic scleroderma from high-resolution computer tomography data. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(2):30-9 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-600</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ананьева ЛП, Теплова ЛВ, Лесняк ВН и др. Клиническая оценка проявлений интерстициальных поражений легких при системной склеродермии по данным компьютерной томографии высокого разрешения. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;49(2):30-9 [Anan’eva LP, Teplova LV, Lesnyak VN, et al. Clinical evaluation of the manifestations of interstitial lung injuryin systemic scleroderma from high-resolution computer tomography data. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(2):30-9 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-600</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алекперов РТ, Черемухина ЕО, Ананьева ЛП и др. Одностороннее поражение легких при системной склеродермии (описание случая). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(4):458-63 [Alekperov RT, Cheremukhina EO, Ananyeva LP, et al. Unilateral lung injury in scleroderma systematica: A case report. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(4):458-63 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-458-463</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Алекперов РТ, Черемухина ЕО, Ананьева ЛП и др. Одностороннее поражение легких при системной склеродермии (описание случая). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(4):458-63 [Alekperov RT, Cheremukhina EO, Ananyeva LP, et al. Unilateral lung injury in scleroderma systematica: A case report. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(4):458-63 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-458-463</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steen VD, Conte C, Owens GR, Medsgar TA Jr. Severe restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:1283-9. doi: 10.1002/art.1780370903</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Steen VD, Conte C, Owens GR, Medsgar TA Jr. Severe restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37:1283-9. doi: 10.1002/art.1780370903</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldin J, Elashoff R, Kim HJ, et al. Treatment of sclerodermainterstitial lung disease with cyclophosphamide is associated with less progressive fibrosis on serial thoracic high- resolution CT scan than placebo: findings from the scleroderma lung study. Chest. 2009;136(5):1333-40. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0108</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldin J, Elashoff R, Kim HJ, et al. Treatment of sclerodermainterstitial lung disease with cyclophosphamide is associated with less progressive fibrosis on serial thoracic high- resolution CT scan than placebo: findings from the scleroderma lung study. Chest. 2009;136(5):1333-40. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-0108</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wells AU, Hansell DM, Rubens MB. Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis: indices of lung function in relation to extent of disease on computed tomography. Arthrytis Rheum. 1997;40(7):1229-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wells AU, Hansell DM, Rubens MB. Fibrosing alveolitis in systemic sclerosis: indices of lung function in relation to extent of disease on computed tomography. Arthrytis Rheum. 1997;40(7):1229-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Greenwald GI, Tashkin DP, Gong H, et al. Longitudinal changes in lung function and respiratory symptoms in progressive systemic sclerosis. Prospective study. Am J Med. 1987;83:83-92. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90501-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Greenwald GI, Tashkin DP, Gong H, et al. Longitudinal changes in lung function and respiratory symptoms in progressive systemic sclerosis. Prospective study. Am J Med. 1987;83:83-92. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90501-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khanna D, Chi-Hong Tseng, Farmani N, et al. Clinical course of lung physiology in patients with scleroderma and interstitial lung disease: Analysis of the Scleroderma Lung Study Placebo Group. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(10):3078-85. doi: 10.1002/art.30467</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khanna D, Chi-Hong Tseng, Farmani N, et al. Clinical course of lung physiology in patients with scleroderma and interstitial lung disease: Analysis of the Scleroderma Lung Study Placebo Group. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(10):3078-85. doi: 10.1002/art.30467</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Assassi S, Sharif R, Lasky RE, et al. Predictors of interstitial lung disease in early systemic sclerosis: a prospective longitudinal study of the GENISOS cohort. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12:R166. doi: 10.1186/ar3125</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Assassi S, Sharif R, Lasky RE, et al. Predictors of interstitial lung disease in early systemic sclerosis: a prospective longitudinal study of the GENISOS cohort. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12:R166. doi: 10.1186/ar3125</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gilson M, Zerkak D, Wipff J, et al. Prognostic factors for lung function in systemic sclerosis: prospective study of 105 cases. Eur Respir J. 2010 Jan;35(1):112-7. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00060209</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilson M, Zerkak D, Wipff J, et al. Prognostic factors for lung function in systemic sclerosis: prospective study of 105 cases. Eur Respir J. 2010 Jan;35(1):112-7. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00060209</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Plastiras SC, Karadimitrakis SP, Ziakas PD, et al. Scleroderma lung: initial forced vital capacity as predictor of pulmonary function decline. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55(4):598-602. doi: 10.1002/art.22099</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Plastiras SC, Karadimitrakis SP, Ziakas PD, et al. Scleroderma lung: initial forced vital capacity as predictor of pulmonary function decline. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55(4):598-602. doi: 10.1002/art.22099</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Au K, Khanna D, Clements PJ, et al. Current concepts in diseasemodifying therapy for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: lessons from clinical trials. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2009;11(2):111-9. doi: 10.1007/s11926-009-0016-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Au K, Khanna D, Clements PJ, et al. Current concepts in diseasemodifying therapy for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease: lessons from clinical trials. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2009;11(2):111-9. doi: 10.1007/s11926-009-0016-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kowal-Bielecka O, Landewe R, Avouac J, et al. EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR). Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;8(5):620-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.096677</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kowal-Bielecka O, Landewe R, Avouac J, et al. EULAR recommendations for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: a report from the EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research group (EUSTAR). Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;8(5):620-8. doi: 10.1136/ard.2008.096677</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khanna D, Denton CP, Jahreis A, et al. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab in adults with systemic sclerosis (faSScinate): a phase 2, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 May 5. pii: S0140-6736(16)00232-4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00232-4 [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khanna D, Denton CP, Jahreis A, et al. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab in adults with systemic sclerosis (faSScinate): a phase 2, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 May 5. pii: S0140-6736(16)00232-4. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00232-4 [Epub ahead of print].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ананьева ЛП, Соловьев СК, Бекетова ТВ и др. Анти-В-клеточная терапия при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях: эффективность и переносимость у 229 больных. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(5):495-506 [Ananieva LP, Soloviyov SK, Beketova TV, et al. Anti-B-cell therapy at immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: efficacy and tolerability in 229 patients. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(5):495-506(In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-495-506</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ананьева ЛП, Соловьев СК, Бекетова ТВ и др. Анти-В-клеточная терапия при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях: эффективность и переносимость у 229 больных. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(5):495-506 [Ananieva LP, Soloviyov SK, Beketova TV, et al. Anti-B-cell therapy at immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: efficacy and tolerability in 229 patients. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(5):495-506(In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-495-506</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
