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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2017-277-294</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2381</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГРЕСС В РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ В XXI ВЕКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROGRESS IN RHEUMATOLOGY IN THE XXI CENTURY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Проблемы иммунопатологии ревматоидного артрита: эволюция болезни</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PROBLEMS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IMMUNOPATHOLOGY: EVOLUTION OF THE DISEASE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный руководитель</p><p>заведующий кафедрой ревматологии</p><p>академик РАН, профессор, докт. мед. наук</p><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Professional Education</p><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p><p>8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasonov@irramn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно- исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой», Москва; &#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, кафедра ревматологии Института профессионального образования, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow; &#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>277</fpage><lpage>294</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Насонов Е.Л., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Насонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nasonov E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2381">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2381</self-uri><abstract><p>В обзоре рассмотрены новые данные, касающиеся иммунопатологии ревматоидного артрита (РА), с акцентом на раннюю стадию заболевания. Эволюция РА включает несколько последовательно (или дискретно) развивающихся стадий, завершающихся развитием симптомокомплекса, характерного для РА. Однако характер взаимодействия факторов внешней среды, генетической предрасположенности и иммунных механизмов, определяющих переход от стадии к стадии, варианты прогрессирования, характер и выраженность внесуставных (системных) проявлений и риск коморбидных заболеваний, до конца не ясен и в настоящее время является предметом интенсивных исследований. Среди патогенетических механизмов развития РА важное место занимает гиперпродукция аутоантител – ревматоидные факторы (РФ) и антитела к белкам, подвергнутым посттрансляционной модификации (ПТМ) – цитруллинированию, карбамилированию, ацетилиро- ванию и т. д. Развитие иммунного ответа против посттрансляционно модифицированных (в первую очередь цитруллинированных) белков является ключевым патогенетическим механизмом развития РА на всех стадиях заболевания. Новые данные, касающиеся роли АЦБ в развитии боли и костной резорбции в отсутствие воспаления, патогенетически обосновывают существование «преклинической» фазы заболевания, характеризующейся артралгиями и гиперпродукцией аутоантител. В заключение рассматриваются новые возможности профилактики РА в группах риска (АЦБ-позитивная клинически подозрительная артралгия) с использованием метотрексата, анти-В-клеточного препарата ритуксимаба, блокатора костимуляции Т-лимфоцитов абатацепта и др. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The review considers new data on the immunopathology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with emphasis on the early stage of the disease. The evolution of RA includes several successive (or discrete) stages that culminate in the development of a symptom complex characteristic of RA. However, the nature of the interaction of environmental factors, genetic predisposition, and immune mechanisms that determine the transition from stage to stage, the types of progression, the nature and severity of extra-articular (systemic) manifestations, and the risk of comorbid diseases is not entirely clear and is currently the subject of intensive studies. Hyperproduction of autoantibodies, such as rheumatoid factors and antibodies to proteins subject to posttranslational modification, citrullination, carbamylation, acetylation, etc., occupies an important place among the pathogenetic mechanisms of RA development. Immune response against posttranslationally modified (primarily citrullinated) proteins is a key pathogenetic mechanism for the development of RA in all stages of the disease. New data on the role of anti-citrillinated protein antibodies (anti-CPA) in the development of pain and bone resorption in the absence of inflammation pathogenetically substantiate the existence of a preclinical disease phase characterized by arthralgia and autoantibody hyperproduction. In conclusion, the paper considers the new possibilities of preventing RA in high-risk groups (anti-CRA-positive clinically suspect arthralgia), by using methotrexate, the anti-B cell drug rituximab, the T-lymphocyte costimulation blocker abatacept, etc. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>посттрансляционная модификация белков</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела</kwd><kwd>метотрексат</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>posttranslational protein modification</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies</kwd><kwd>methotrexate</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catrina AI, Svensson CI, Malmström V, et al. Mechanisms leading from systemic autoimmunity to joint-specific disease in rheumatoid arthritis. 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