<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2017-409-419</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2415</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГРЕСС В РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ В XXI ВЕКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROGRESS IN RHEUMATOLOGY IN THE XXI CENTURY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакотерапия ревматоидного артрита: новая стратегия, новые мишени</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PHARMACOTHERAPY FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: NEW STRATEGY, NEW TARGETS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;</p><p>119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p><p>научный руководитель ФГБНУ НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой, заведующий кафедрой ревматологии ИПО ГБОУ ВПО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России, академик РАН, профессор, докт. мед. наук</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasonov@irramn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»&#13;
&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology&#13;
&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>09</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>409</fpage><lpage>419</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Насонов Е.Л., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Насонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nasonov E.L.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2415">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2415</self-uri><abstract><p>Ревматоидный артрит (РА) – хроническое иммуновоспалительное (аутоиммунное) заболевание, проявляющееся прогрессирующей деструкцией суставов, системным воспалением внутренних органов и широким спектром коморбидных заболеваний, связанных с хроническим воспалением, а нередко и с нежелательными лекарственными реакциями (НЛР). Однако, несмотря на большие успехи в ранней диагностике и лечении РА, приведшие к кардинальному улучшению прогноза у многих пациентов, проблема фармакотерапии РА далека от разрешения. Это определяется отсутствием «чувствительных» и «специфичных» «диагностических» и «прогностических» биомаркеров на ранней стадии заболевания и, что самое главное, гетерогенностью механизмов иммунопатогенеза как в дебюте, так и в процессе прогрессирования РА, затрудняющими персонификацию терапии у пациентов. Селективное блокирование медиаторов воспаления с использованием инновационных лекарственных препаратов нередко ассоциируется с «первичной» неэффективностью, «вторичной» резистентностью, развитием генерализованной иммуносупрессии, парадоксальной активацией аутоиммунного процесса и утяжелением течения сопутствующих коморбидных заболеваний. В то же время поиск новых «мишеней» для фармакотерапии РА затруднен, поскольку характер иммунопатологических нарушений у пациентов может существенно отличаться от воспалительного процесса, который имеет место при моделировании артрита у лабораторных животных. В статье обсуждаются новые препараты, применяемые в ревматологии для лечения РА или находящиеся на разных стадиях «преклинических» или клинических исследований: ингибиторы фактора некроза опухоли α, интерлейкина 6 (ИЛ6), ИЛ17, анти-В-клеточная терапия, биспецифические антитела, блокаторы JAK (и других сигнальных молекул), биоэлектронная активация блуждающего нерва, иммунотерапия дендритными клетками и другие виды терапии, а также подходы к вторичной профилактике РА у пациентов с недифференцированным артритом и «клинически подозрительной артралгией», имеющих высокий риск развития РА. Расшифровка механизмов патогенеза РА и хронического воспалительного процесса, в целом, создала предпосылки для разработки новых лекарственных препаратов для профилактики и лечения этого заболевания, внедрение которых в клиническую практику должно привести к кардинальному улучшению прогноза при этом заболевании.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immunoinflammatory (autoimmune) disease manifested by progressive joint destruction, systemic inflammation of the internal organs, and a wide range of comorbidities associated with chronic inflammation and frequently with adverse drug reactions. However, despite the major advances in the early diagnosis and treatment of RA, which have led to the radical improvement of prognosis in many patients, the problem of pharmacotherapy for RA is far from being solved. This is determined by a lack of sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in the early stage of the disease and, most importantly, by the heterogeneity of immunopathogenesis mechanisms in both at the onset of RA and during its progression, which make the personalization of therapy difficult in the patients. Selective block of inflammatory mediators with innovative medicines is frequently associated with primary inefficiency, secondary drug resistance, the development of generalized immunosuppression, the paradoxical activation of an autoimmune process, and the aggravation of comorbidities. At the same time, it is difficult to search for new RA pharmacotherapy targets since the nature of immunopathological disorders in patients can be substantially different from the inflammatory process that takes place when simulating arthritis in laboratory animals. The paper discusses the novel drugs that are used in rheumatology to treat RA or tested in different phases of preclinical or clinical trials, such as tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, anti-B cell therapy, bispecific antibodies, blockers of JAK (and other signaling molecules), bioelectronic vagus nerve activation, dendritic cell-based immunotherapy, and other therapies, as well as approaches to secondary prevention of RA in patients with undifferentiated arthritis and clinically suspect arthralgia, who are at high risk for RA. Decoding the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of RA and a chronic inflammatory process as a whole has created preconditions for the design of novel medications for the prevention and treatment of this disease, the introduction of which into clinical practice should lead to a radical improvement of prognosis in this disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>генно-инженерные биологические препараты</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>biological agents</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016 Oct 22;388(10055):2023-38. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30173-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS, Aletaha D, McInnes IB. Rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2016 Oct 22;388(10055):2023-38. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30173-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McInnes IB, Schett G. Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2017;389:2328-37. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31472-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McInnes IB, Schett G. Pathogenetic insights from the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2017;389:2328-37. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31472-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Catrina AI, Svensson CI, Malmström V, et al. Mechanisms leading from systemic autoimmunity to joint-specific disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;13(2):79-86. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Catrina AI, Svensson CI, Malmström V, et al. Mechanisms leading from systemic autoimmunity to joint-specific disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2017;13(2):79-86. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mankia K, Emery P. Preclinical rheumatoid arthritis. Progress toward prevention. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68:779-88. doi: 10.1002/art.39603</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mankia K, Emery P. Preclinical rheumatoid arthritis. Progress toward prevention. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68:779-88. doi: 10.1002/art.39603</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Проблемы иммунопатологии ревматоидного артрита: эволюция болезни. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(3):277-94 [Nasonov EL. Problems of rheumatoid arthritis immunopathology: Evolution of the disease. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(3):277-94 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-277-294</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ. Проблемы иммунопатологии ревматоидного артрита: эволюция болезни. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(3):277-94 [Nasonov EL. Problems of rheumatoid arthritis immunopathology: Evolution of the disease. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(3):277-94 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-277-294</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты в лечении ревматоидного артрита. Москва: ИМА- ПРЕСС; 2013 [Nasonov EL, editor. Genno- inzhenernye biologicheskie preparaty v lechenii revmatoidnogo artrita [Genetically engineered biological agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Moscow: IMA- PRESS; 2013].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты в лечении ревматоидного артрита. Москва: ИМА- ПРЕСС; 2013 [Nasonov EL, editor. Genno- inzhenernye biologicheskie preparaty v lechenii revmatoidnogo artrita [Genetically engineered biological agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Moscow: IMA- PRESS; 2013].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Bijsma JWJ, et al. For the T2T Expert Committee. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:631- 7. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.123919</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS, Aletaha D, Bijsma JWJ, et al. For the T2T Expert Committee. Treating rheumatoid arthritis to target: recommendations of an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:631- 7. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.123919</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burmester GR, Pope JE. Novel treatment strategies in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2017;389:2338-48. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31491-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burmester GR, Pope JE. Novel treatment strategies in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet. 2017;389:2338-48. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31491-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Ревматоидный артрит. В кн.: Российские клинические рекомендации. Москва: ГЭОТАР- Медиа; 2017. С. 17-57 [Nasonov EL, editor. Revmatoidnyi artrit. In: Rossiiskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Russian Clinical Recommendations]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2017. P. 17-57].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Ревматоидный артрит. В кн.: Российские клинические рекомендации. Москва: ГЭОТАР- Медиа; 2017. С. 17-57 [Nasonov EL, editor. Revmatoidnyi artrit. In: Rossiiskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Russian Clinical Recommendations]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2017. P. 17-57].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baker KF, John JD. Novel therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: What can we learn from their use in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,psoriasis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2017. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211555</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baker KF, John JD. Novel therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: What can we learn from their use in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus,psoriasis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2017. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211555</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McInnes IB, Buckley CD, Isaaks JD. Cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis – shaping the immunological landscape. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:63-8. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McInnes IB, Buckley CD, Isaaks JD. Cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis – shaping the immunological landscape. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:63-8. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.171</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Firestein GS, McInnes IB. Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunity. 2017;46(2):183-96. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Firestein GS, McInnes IB. Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunity. 2017;46(2):183-96. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dekkers JS, Schoones JW, Huizinga TW, et al. Possibilities for preventive treatment in rheumatoid arthritis? Lessons from experimental animal models of arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(2):458-67. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209830</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dekkers JS, Schoones JW, Huizinga TW, et al. Possibilities for preventive treatment in rheumatoid arthritis? Lessons from experimental animal models of arthritis: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(2):458-67. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209830</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lubberts E. The IL-23-IL-17 axis in inflammatory arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(7):415-29. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.53</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lubberts E. The IL-23-IL-17 axis in inflammatory arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(7):415-29. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.53</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Monaco C, Nanchahal J, Taylor P, Feldmann M. Anti-TNF therapy: past, present and future. Int Immunol. 2015 Jan;27(1):55-62. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxu102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Monaco C, Nanchahal J, Taylor P, Feldmann M. Anti-TNF therapy: past, present and future. Int Immunol. 2015 Jan;27(1):55-62. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxu102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kalliolias GD, Ivashkiv LB. TNF biology, pathogenetic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:49-62. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.169</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalliolias GD, Ivashkiv LB. TNF biology, pathogenetic mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:49-62. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.169</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boyman O, Comte D, Spertini F. Adverse reactions to biologic agents and their medical management. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014;10:612-27. doi: 10.1038/nrrheuum.2014.123</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boyman O, Comte D, Spertini F. Adverse reactions to biologic agents and their medical management. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014;10:612-27. doi: 10.1038/nrrheuum.2014.123</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Метотрексат при ревматоидном артрите – 2015: новые факты и идеи. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(4):421-33 [Nasonov EL. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis – 2015: New facts and ideas. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(4):421-33 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484- 2015-421-433</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ. Метотрексат при ревматоидном артрите – 2015: новые факты и идеи. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(4):421-33 [Nasonov EL. Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis – 2015: New facts and ideas. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(4):421-33 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484- 2015-421-433</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Feldman M, Maini RN. Perspectives from masters in rheumatology and autoimminity: can we get closer to a cure for rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67:228302291.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Feldman M, Maini RN. Perspectives from masters in rheumatology and autoimminity: can we get closer to a cure for rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67:228302291.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Новые возможности фармакотерапии иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваний: фокус на ингибиторы интерлейкина 17. Научно- практическая ревматология. 2017;55(1):68-86 [Nasonov EL. New possibilities of pharmacotherapy for immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases: A focus on inhibitors of interleukin-17. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(1):68- 86 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-68-86</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ. Новые возможности фармакотерапии иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваний: фокус на ингибиторы интерлейкина 17. Научно- практическая ревматология. 2017;55(1):68-86 [Nasonov EL. New possibilities of pharmacotherapy for immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases: A focus on inhibitors of interleukin-17. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(1):68- 86 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-68-86</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor PC, Williams RO. Combination cytokine blockade: the way forward in therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67:14-6. doi: 10.1002/art.38893</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor PC, Williams RO. Combination cytokine blockade: the way forward in therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67:14-6. doi: 10.1002/art.38893</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kontermann RE, Brinkman U. Bispecific antibodies. Drug Discovery Today. 2015;20:838- 47. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kontermann RE, Brinkman U. Bispecific antibodies. Drug Discovery Today. 2015;20:838- 47. doi: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fischer JA, Hueber AJ, Wilson S, et al. Combined inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-17 as a therapeutic opportunity in rheumatoid arthritis: development and characterization of a novel bispecific antibody. Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67:51-62. doi: 10.1002/art.38896</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fischer JA, Hueber AJ, Wilson S, et al. Combined inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-17 as a therapeutic opportunity in rheumatoid arthritis: development and characterization of a novel bispecific antibody. Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67:51-62. doi: 10.1002/art.38896</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015;15:448-57. doi: 10.1038/ni.3153</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015;15:448-57. doi: 10.1038/ni.3153</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu X, Jones GW, Choy EH, Jones SA. The biology behind interleukin-6 targeted interventions. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2016;28:152-60. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000255</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liu X, Jones GW, Choy EH, Jones SA. The biology behind interleukin-6 targeted interventions. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2016;28:152-60. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000255</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose-Jonh S, Wuntrop K, Calabrese L. The role of IL-6 in host defence against infrctions: immunology and clinical implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum 2017.83</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose-Jonh S, Wuntrop K, Calabrese L. The role of IL-6 in host defence against infrctions: immunology and clinical implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum 2017.83</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beringer A, Noack M, Miossec P. IL-17 in chronic inflammation: from discovery to targeting. Trends Molec Med. 2016;22:230-41. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.01.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beringer A, Noack M, Miossec P. IL-17 in chronic inflammation: from discovery to targeting. Trends Molec Med. 2016;22:230-41. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2016.01.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fragoulis GE, Siebert S, McInnes IB. Therapeutic targeting of IL-17 and IL-23 cytokines in immune-mediated disease. Annu Rev Med. 2016:67:337-53. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-051914-0219444</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fragoulis GE, Siebert S, McInnes IB. Therapeutic targeting of IL-17 and IL-23 cytokines in immune-mediated disease. Annu Rev Med. 2016:67:337-53. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-051914-0219444</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benedetti G, Miossec P. Interleukin 17 contributes to the chronicity of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol. 2014;44:339-47. doi: 10.1002/eji.201344184</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benedetti G, Miossec P. Interleukin 17 contributes to the chronicity of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol. 2014;44:339-47. doi: 10.1002/eji.201344184</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miossec P. Update on interleukin-17: a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and implication for clinical practice. RMD Open. 2017 15;3(1):e000284. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000284</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miossec P. Update on interleukin-17: a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis and implication for clinical practice. RMD Open. 2017 15;3(1):e000284. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000284</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McInnes IB, Porter D, Siebert S. Choosing new targets for rheumatoid arthritis therapeutics: too interesting to Fail? Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69:1131-4. doi: 10.1002/art.40082</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McInnes IB, Porter D, Siebert S. Choosing new targets for rheumatoid arthritis therapeutics: too interesting to Fail? Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69:1131-4. doi: 10.1002/art.40082</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfeifle R, Rothe T, Ipseiz N, et al. Regulation of autoantibody activity by the IL-23-TH17 axis determines the onset of autoimmune disease. Nat Immunol. 2017;18:104-13. doi: 10.1038/ni.3579</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfeifle R, Rothe T, Ipseiz N, et al. Regulation of autoantibody activity by the IL-23-TH17 axis determines the onset of autoimmune disease. Nat Immunol. 2017;18:104-13. doi: 10.1038/ni.3579</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wicks IP, Roberts AW. Targeting GM-CSF in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:37-48. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.161</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wicks IP, Roberts AW. Targeting GM-CSF in inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:37-48. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.161</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avci AB, Feist E, Burmester GR. Targeting GM-CSF in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34(4 Suppl 98):39-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avci AB, Feist E, Burmester GR. Targeting GM-CSF in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34(4 Suppl 98):39-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burmester GR, Weinblatt ME, McInnes IB, et al. Efficacy and safety of mavrilimumab in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum. 2013;2(9):1445-2. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burmester GR, Weinblatt ME, McInnes IB, et al. Efficacy and safety of mavrilimumab in subjects with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum. 2013;2(9):1445-2. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202450</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Huizinga TW, Batalov A, Stoilov R, et al. Phase Ib randomized, double-blind study of namilumab, an anti-granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor monoclonal antibody, in mild-to-moderate rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s13075-017-1267-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Huizinga TW, Batalov A, Stoilov R, et al. Phase Ib randomized, double-blind study of namilumab, an anti-granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor monoclonal antibody, in mild-to-moderate rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2017;19(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s13075-017-1267-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moura RA, Fonseca JE. To B or not to B the conductor of rheumatoid orchestra. Clin Rev Allerg Immunol. 2012 Dec;43(3):281-91. doi: 10.1007/s12016-012-8318-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moura RA, Fonseca JE. To B or not to B the conductor of rheumatoid orchestra. Clin Rev Allerg Immunol. 2012 Dec;43(3):281-91. doi: 10.1007/s12016-012-8318-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leandro M. B cells and rheumatoid factors in autoimmunity. Int J Rheum Dis. 2015;18:379-81. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12690</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leandro M. B cells and rheumatoid factors in autoimmunity. Int J Rheum Dis. 2015;18:379-81. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12690</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты в лечении ревматоидного артрита. Москва: ИМА- ПРЕСС, 2013. 552 с. [Nasonov EL, editor. Genno- inzhenernye biologicheskie preparaty v lechenii revmatoidnogo artrita [Genetically engineered biological agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Moscow: IMA- PRESS; 2013. 552 p.].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты в лечении ревматоидного артрита. Москва: ИМА- ПРЕСС, 2013. 552 с. [Nasonov EL, editor. Genno- inzhenernye biologicheskie preparaty v lechenii revmatoidnogo artrita [Genetically engineered biological agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Moscow: IMA- PRESS; 2013. 552 p.].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Анти-В-клеточная терапия в ревматологии: фокус на ритуксимаб. Москва: ИМА- ПРЕСС; 2012. С. 55-93 [Nasonov EL. editor. Anti-B-kletochnaya terapiya v revmatologii: fokus na rituksimab [Anti-B-cellular therapy in rheumatology: focus on rituksimab]. Moscow: IMA-PRESS; 2012. P. 55-93].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Анти-В-клеточная терапия в ревматологии: фокус на ритуксимаб. Москва: ИМА- ПРЕСС; 2012. С. 55-93 [Nasonov EL. editor. Anti-B-kletochnaya terapiya v revmatologii: fokus na rituksimab [Anti-B-cellular therapy in rheumatology: focus on rituksimab]. Moscow: IMA-PRESS; 2012. P. 55-93].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seyfizadeh N, Seyfizadex N, Hasenkamp J, Huerta-Yepez S. A molecular perspective on rituximab: a monoclonal antibody for B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma and other affections. Clin Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;97:275-90. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.09.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seyfizadeh N, Seyfizadex N, Hasenkamp J, Huerta-Yepez S. A molecular perspective on rituximab: a monoclonal antibody for B cell non Hodgkin lymphoma and other affections. Clin Rev Oncol Hematol. 2016;97:275-90. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.09.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Franks SE, Getahun A, Hogarth PM, Cambier JC. Targeting B cells in treatment of autoimminity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2016;43:39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.09.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Franks SE, Getahun A, Hogarth PM, Cambier JC. Targeting B cells in treatment of autoimminity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2016;43:39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.coi.2016.09.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stohl W, Merrill JT, McKay JD, et al. Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging Study. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(5):579-89. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120886</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stohl W, Merrill JT, McKay JD, et al. Efficacy and safety of belimumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging Study. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(5):579-89. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120886</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genovese MC, Kinnman N, de La Bourdonnaye G, et al. Atacicept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy: results of a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:1793-803. doi: 10.1002/art.30373</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genovese MC, Kinnman N, de La Bourdonnaye G, et al. Atacicept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor antagonist therapy: results of a phase II, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:1793-803. doi: 10.1002/art.30373</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Vollenhoven RF, Wax S, Li Y, Tak PP. Safety and efficacy of atacicept in combination with rituximab for reducing the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a phase II, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67(11):2828-36. doi: 10.1002/art.39262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Vollenhoven RF, Wax S, Li Y, Tak PP. Safety and efficacy of atacicept in combination with rituximab for reducing the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a phase II, randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2015;67(11):2828-36. doi: 10.1002/art.39262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Miyara M, Ito Y, Sakaguchi S. T reg-cell therapies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014 Sep;10(9):543-51. doi: 10.1038/nrhheum.2014.105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Miyara M, Ito Y, Sakaguchi S. T reg-cell therapies for autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014 Sep;10(9):543-51. doi: 10.1038/nrhheum.2014.105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Авдеева АС, Рубцов ЮП, Дыйканов ДT, Насонов ЕЛ. Клинико-патогенетическое значение Foxр3+ регуляторных Т-клеток при ревматоидном артрите. Научно- практическая ревматология. 2016;54(4):442-55 [Avdeeva AS, Rubtsov YuP, Dyikanov DT, Nasonov EL. The clinical and pathogenetic value of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2016;54(4):442-55 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Авдеева АС, Рубцов ЮП, Дыйканов ДT, Насонов ЕЛ. Клинико-патогенетическое значение Foxр3+ регуляторных Т-клеток при ревматоидном артрите. Научно- практическая ревматология. 2016;54(4):442-55 [Avdeeva AS, Rubtsov YuP, Dyikanov DT, Nasonov EL. The clinical and pathogenetic value of Foxp3+ T regulatory cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2016;54(4):442-55 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tabares P, Berr S, Rö mer PS, et al. Human regulatory T cells are selectively activated by low-dose application of the CD28 superagonist TGN1412/TAB08. Eur J Immunol. 2014;44(4):1225-36. doi: 10.1002/eji.201343967</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabares P, Berr S, Rö mer PS, et al. Human regulatory T cells are selectively activated by low-dose application of the CD28 superagonist TGN1412/TAB08. Eur J Immunol. 2014;44(4):1225-36. doi: 10.1002/eji.201343967</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Suntharalingam G, Perry MR, Ward S, et al. Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(10):1018-28. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa063842</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Suntharalingam G, Perry MR, Ward S, et al. Cytokine storm in a phase 1 trial of the anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody TGN1412. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(10):1018-28. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa063842</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hü nig T. The storm has cleared: lessons from the CD28 superagonist TGN1412 trial. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012;12(5):317-8. doi: 10.1038/nri3192</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hü nig T. The storm has cleared: lessons from the CD28 superagonist TGN1412 trial. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012;12(5):317-8. doi: 10.1038/nri3192</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konig M, Rharbaoui F, Aigner S, et al. Tregalizumab – a monoclonal antibody to target regulatory T cells. Front Immunol. 2016;7:11. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konig M, Rharbaoui F, Aigner S, et al. Tregalizumab – a monoclonal antibody to target regulatory T cells. Front Immunol. 2016;7:11. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">O’Shea JJ, Laurence A, McInnes IB. Back to the future: oral targeted therapy for RA and other autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9:173-82. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">O’Shea JJ, Laurence A, McInnes IB. Back to the future: oral targeted therapy for RA and other autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9:173-82. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS, van der Heijde D, Machold KP, et al. Proposal for a new nomenclature of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:3-4. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS, van der Heijde D, Machold KP, et al. Proposal for a new nomenclature of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:3-4. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz DM, Bonelli M, Gadina M, O’Shea JJ. Type I/II cytokines, JAKs, and new strategies for treating autoimmine diaeases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:25-36. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.167</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz DM, Bonelli M, Gadina M, O’Shea JJ. Type I/II cytokines, JAKs, and new strategies for treating autoimmine diaeases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:25-36. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.167</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов Е.Л. Новые подходы к фармакотерапии ревматоидного артрита: тофацитиниб. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(2):209-21 [Nasonov EL. New approaches to pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis: tofacitinib. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(2):209-21 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-209-221</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов Е.Л. Новые подходы к фармакотерапии ревматоидного артрита: тофацитиниб. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(2):209-21 [Nasonov EL. New approaches to pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis: tofacitinib. Nauchno- Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(2):209-21 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-209-221</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS, Landewe R, Bijlsma J, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(6):960-77. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210715</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS, Landewe R, Bijlsma J, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(6):960-77. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210715</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL Jr, et al. 2015 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68:1-26. doi: 10.1002/art.39489</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL Jr, et al. 2015 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68:1-26. doi: 10.1002/art.39489</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh JA, Hossain A, Mudano AS, et al. Biologics or tofacitinib for people with rheumatoid arthritis naive to methotrexate: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 8;5:CD012657. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012657</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh JA, Hossain A, Mudano AS, et al. Biologics or tofacitinib for people with rheumatoid arthritis naive to methotrexate: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 8;5:CD012657. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012657</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Winthrop KL. The emerging safety profile of JAK inhibitors in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(4):234-43. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.23</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Winthrop KL. The emerging safety profile of JAK inhibitors in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(4):234-43. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.23</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuriya B, Cohen MD, Keystone E. Baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence-to-date and clinical potential. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2017;9(2):37-44. doi: 10.1177/1759720X16687481</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuriya B, Cohen MD, Keystone E. Baricitinib in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence-to-date and clinical potential. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2017;9(2):37-44. doi: 10.1177/1759720X16687481</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Westhovens R, Taylor PC, Alten R, et al. Filgotinib (GLPG0634/GS-6034), an oral JAK1 selective inhibitor, is effective in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and insufficient response to MTX: results from a randomised, dose-finding study (DARWIN 1). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210104</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Westhovens R, Taylor PC, Alten R, et al. Filgotinib (GLPG0634/GS-6034), an oral JAK1 selective inhibitor, is effective in combination with methotrexate (MTX) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and insufficient response to MTX: results from a randomised, dose-finding study (DARWIN 1). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210104</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kavanaugh A, Kremer J, Ponce L, et al. Filgotinib (GLPG0634/GS-6034), an oral selective JAK1 inhibitor, is effective as monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results from a randomised, dose-finding study (DARWIN 2). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210105</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kavanaugh A, Kremer J, Ponce L, et al. Filgotinib (GLPG0634/GS-6034), an oral selective JAK1 inhibitor, is effective as monotherapy in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results from a randomised, dose-finding study (DARWIN 2). Ann Rheum Dis. 2016. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210105</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Genovese MC, Smolen JS, Weinblatt ME, et al. Efficacy and safety of ABT-494, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, in a phase IIb study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68(12):2857-66. doi: 10.1002/art.39808</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Genovese MC, Smolen JS, Weinblatt ME, et al. Efficacy and safety of ABT-494, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, in a phase IIb study in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68(12):2857-66. doi: 10.1002/art.39808</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kremer JM, Emery P, Camp HS, et al. A phase IIb study of ABT-494, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68(12):2867-77. doi: 10.1002/art.39801</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kremer JM, Emery P, Camp HS, et al. A phase IIb study of ABT-494, a selective JAK-1 inhibitor, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68(12):2867-77. doi: 10.1002/art.39801</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Corneth OB, Klein Wolterink RG, Hendriks RW. BTK signaling in B cell differentiation and autoimmunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2016;393:67-105. doi: 10.1007/82_2015_478</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Corneth OB, Klein Wolterink RG, Hendriks RW. BTK signaling in B cell differentiation and autoimmunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2016;393:67-105. doi: 10.1007/82_2015_478</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Malemud CJ. The PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR pathway: a fruitful target for inducing cell death in rheumatoid arthritis? Future Med Chem. 2015;7(9):1137-47. doi: 10.4155/fmc</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malemud CJ. The PI3K/Akt/PTEN/mTOR pathway: a fruitful target for inducing cell death in rheumatoid arthritis? Future Med Chem. 2015;7(9):1137-47. doi: 10.4155/fmc</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Camps M, Ruckle T, Ji H, et al. Blockade of PI3Kgamma suppresses joint inflammation and damage in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Med. 2005;11(9):936-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Camps M, Ruckle T, Ji H, et al. Blockade of PI3Kgamma suppresses joint inflammation and damage in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Med. 2005;11(9):936-43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao W, Qiu Y, Kong D. Class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2017;7(1):27-37. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao W, Qiu Y, Kong D. Class I phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitors for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2017;7(1):27-37. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McAllen RM, Cook AD, Khiew HW, et al. The interface between cholinergic pathways and the immune system and its relevance to arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:87. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0597-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McAllen RM, Cook AD, Khiew HW, et al. The interface between cholinergic pathways and the immune system and its relevance to arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:87. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0597-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Maanen MA, Lebre MC, van der Poll T, et al. Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(1):114-22. doi: 10.1002/art.24177</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Maanen MA, Lebre MC, van der Poll T, et al. Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(1):114-22. doi: 10.1002/art.24177</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li T, Zuo X, Zhou Y, et al. The vagus nerve and nicotinic receptors involve inhibition of HMGB1 release and early pro-inflammatory cytokines function in collagen-induced arthritis. J Clin Immunol. 2010;30(2):213-20. doi: 10.1007/s10875-009-9346-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li T, Zuo X, Zhou Y, et al. The vagus nerve and nicotinic receptors involve inhibition of HMGB1 release and early pro-inflammatory cytokines function in collagen-induced arthritis. J Clin Immunol. 2010;30(2):213-20. doi: 10.1007/s10875-009-9346-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Maanen MA, Stoof SP, Larosa GJ, et al. Role of the cholinergic nervous system in rheumatoid arthritis: aggravation of arthritis in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit gene knockout mice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(9):1717-23. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.118554</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Maanen MA, Stoof SP, Larosa GJ, et al. Role of the cholinergic nervous system in rheumatoid arthritis: aggravation of arthritis in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha7 subunit gene knockout mice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(9):1717-23. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.118554</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waldburger JM, Boyle DL, Pavlov VA, et al. Acetylcholine regulation of synoviocyte cytokine expression by the alpha7 nicotinic receptor. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(11):3439-49. doi: 10.1002/art.23987</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waldburger JM, Boyle DL, Pavlov VA, et al. Acetylcholine regulation of synoviocyte cytokine expression by the alpha7 nicotinic receptor. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(11):3439-49. doi: 10.1002/art.23987</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koopman FA, Chavan SS, Miljko S, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113:8284-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1605635113</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koopman FA, Chavan SS, Miljko S, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113:8284-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1605635113</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coutant F, Miossec P. Altered dendritic cell functions in autoimmune diseases: distinct and overlapping profiles. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(12):703-15. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.147</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coutant F, Miossec P. Altered dendritic cell functions in autoimmune diseases: distinct and overlapping profiles. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(12):703-15. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.147</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Park JE, Jang J, Choi JH, et al. DC-based immunotherapy combined with low-dose methotrexate effective in the treatment of advanced CIA in mice. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:834085. doi: 10.1155/2015/834085</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Park JE, Jang J, Choi JH, et al. DC-based immunotherapy combined with low-dose methotrexate effective in the treatment of advanced CIA in mice. J Immunol Res. 2015;2015:834085. doi: 10.1155/2015/834085</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benham H, Nel HJ, Law SC, et al. Citrullinated peptide dendritic cell immunotherapy in HLA risk genotype-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(290):290ra87. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa9301</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benham H, Nel HJ, Law SC, et al. Citrullinated peptide dendritic cell immunotherapy in HLA risk genotype-positive rheumatoid arthritis patients. Sci Transl Med. 2015;7(290):290ra87. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa9301</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bell GM, Anderson AE, Diboll J, et al. Autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells for rheumatoid and inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(1):227-34. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208456</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bell GM, Anderson AE, Diboll J, et al. Autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells for rheumatoid and inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(1):227-34. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208456</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van der Helm-van Mil AH, le Cessie S, van Dongen H, et al. A prediction rule for disease outcome in patients with recent-onset undifferentiated arthritis: how to guide individual treatment decisions. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:433-40. doi: 10.1002/art.22380</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van der Helm-van Mil AH, le Cessie S, van Dongen H, et al. A prediction rule for disease outcome in patients with recent-onset undifferentiated arthritis: how to guide individual treatment decisions. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:433-40. doi: 10.1002/art.22380</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van de Stadt LA, Witte BI, Bos WH, van Schaardenburg D. A prediction rule for the development of arthritis in seropositive arthralgia patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:1920- 6. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van de Stadt LA, Witte BI, Bos WH, van Schaardenburg D. A prediction rule for the development of arthritis in seropositive arthralgia patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:1920- 6. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202127</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Nies JA, Krabben A, Schoones JW, et al. What is the evidence for the presence of a therapeutic window of opportunity in rheumatoid arthritis? A systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:861-70. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-203130</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Nies JA, Krabben A, Schoones JW, et al. What is the evidence for the presence of a therapeutic window of opportunity in rheumatoid arthritis? A systematic literature review. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:861-70. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-203130</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Dongen H, van Aken J, Lard LR, et al. Efficacy of methotrexate treatment in patients with probable rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(5):1424-32. doi: 10.1002/art.22525</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Dongen H, van Aken J, Lard LR, et al. Efficacy of methotrexate treatment in patients with probable rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(5):1424-32. doi: 10.1002/art.22525</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burgers LE, Allaart CF, Huizinga TWJ, et al. Brief Report: Clinical trials aiming to prevent rheumatoid arthritis cannot detect prevention without adequate risk stratification: A Trial of Methotrexate Versus Placebo in Undifferentiated Arthritis as an Example. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69(5):926-31. doi: 10.1002/art.40062</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burgers LE, Allaart CF, Huizinga TWJ, et al. Brief Report: Clinical trials aiming to prevent rheumatoid arthritis cannot detect prevention without adequate risk stratification: A Trial of Methotrexate Versus Placebo in Undifferentiated Arthritis as an Example. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69(5):926-31. doi: 10.1002/art.40062</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerlag DM, Safy M, Maijer KI, et al. A single infusion of rituximab delays the onset of arthritis in subjects at high risk of developing RA [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68 Suppl 10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerlag DM, Safy M, Maijer KI, et al. A single infusion of rituximab delays the onset of arthritis in subjects at high risk of developing RA [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68 Suppl 10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kohler L, Kirchoff T, Jablonka A, et al. Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis onset in patients with arthralgia and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody positivity; pilor study on effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine treatment. Rheumatology (Sunnyvale). 2016;6:2. doi: 10.4172/2161-1149.1000196</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kohler L, Kirchoff T, Jablonka A, et al. Incidence of rheumatoid arthritis onset in patients with arthralgia and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody positivity; pilor study on effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine treatment. Rheumatology (Sunnyvale). 2016;6:2. doi: 10.4172/2161-1149.1000196</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gerlag DM, Norris JM, Tak PP. Towards prevention of autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis: from lifestyle modification to preventive treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(4):607-14. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev347</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gerlag DM, Norris JM, Tak PP. Towards prevention of autoantibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis: from lifestyle modification to preventive treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55(4):607-14. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev347</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deane KD, Striebich CC, Holers VM. Editorial: Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Now Is the Time, but How to Proceed? Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69:873-7. doi: 10.1002/art.40061</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deane KD, Striebich CC, Holers VM. Editorial: Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Now Is the Time, but How to Proceed? Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69:873-7. doi: 10.1002/art.40061</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, sponsor. Strategy for the prevention of onset of clinically-apparent rheumatoid arthritis (StopRA). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02603146; 2015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, sponsor. Strategy for the prevention of onset of clinically-apparent rheumatoid arthritis (StopRA). ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02603146; 2015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, sponsor. Arthritis prevention in the pre- clinical phase of RA with abatacept. ISRCTN 46017566; 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, sponsor. Arthritis prevention in the pre- clinical phase of RA with abatacept. ISRCTN 46017566; 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Academic Medical Center, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, sponsor. Prevention of clinically manifest rheumatoid arthritis by B cell directed therapy in the earliest phase of the disease (PRAIRI). NTR. 2442;2010.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Academic Medical Center, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, sponsor. Prevention of clinically manifest rheumatoid arthritis by B cell directed therapy in the earliest phase of the disease (PRAIRI). NTR. 2442;2010.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Giuseppe D, Crippa A, Orsini N, Wolk A. Fish consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:446. doi: 10.1186/s13075-014-0446-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Giuseppe D, Crippa A, Orsini N, Wolk A. Fish consumption and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a dose-response meta-analysis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16:446. doi: 10.1186/s13075-014-0446-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gan RW, Demoruelle MK, Deane KD, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a lower prevalence of autoantibodies in shared epitope-positive subjects at risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:147-52. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gan RW, Demoruelle MK, Deane KD, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids are associated with a lower prevalence of autoantibodies in shared epitope-positive subjects at risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:147-52. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209154</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007;129:210-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007;129:210-23. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2007.01.020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mas E, Croft KD, Zahra P, et al. Resolvins D1, D2, and other mediators of self-limited resolution of inflammation in human blood following n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Clin Chem. 2012;58:1476-84. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.190199</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mas E, Croft KD, Zahra P, et al. Resolvins D1, D2, and other mediators of self-limited resolution of inflammation in human blood following n-3 fatty acid supplementation. Clin Chem. 2012;58:1476-84. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.190199</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arnardottir HH, Dalli J, Norling LV, et al. Resolvin D3 is dysregulated in arthritis and reduces arthritic inflammation. J Immunol 2016; 197:2362-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arnardottir HH, Dalli J, Norling LV, et al. Resolvin D3 is dysregulated in arthritis and reduces arthritic inflammation. J Immunol 2016; 197:2362-8. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502268</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jeffery LE, Raza K, Hewison M. Vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis-towards clinical application. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(4):201-10. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jeffery LE, Raza K, Hewison M. Vitamin D in rheumatoid arthritis-towards clinical application. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(4):201-10. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song GG, Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between vitamin D intake and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(12):1733-9. doi: 10.1007/s10067-012-2080-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song GG, Bae SC, Lee YH. Association between vitamin D intake and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(12):1733-9. doi: 10.1007/s10067-012-2080-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Di Franco M, Barchetta I, Iannuccelli C, et al. Hypovitaminosis D in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis is predictive of reduced response to treatment and increased disease activity: a 12 month follow-up study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord. 2015;16:53. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0505-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Di Franco M, Barchetta I, Iannuccelli C, et al. Hypovitaminosis D in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis is predictive of reduced response to treatment and increased disease activity: a 12 month follow-up study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord. 2015;16:53. doi: 10.1186/s12891-015-0505-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit99"><label>99</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gardner DH, Jeffery LE, Soskic B, et al. 1,25(OH)2D3 Promotes the efficacy of CD28 costimulation blockade by abatacept. J Immunol. 2015;195(6):2657-65. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500306</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gardner DH, Jeffery LE, Soskic B, et al. 1,25(OH)2D3 Promotes the efficacy of CD28 costimulation blockade by abatacept. J Immunol. 2015;195(6):2657-65. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500306</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
