rspНаучно-практическая ревматологияRheumatology Science and Practice1995-44841995-4492IMA-PRESS, LLC10.14412/1995-4484-2017-436-445rsp-2418Research ArticleОБЗОРREVIEWДиета при подагре и гиперурикемииDIET IN GOUT AND HYPERURICEMIAЖелябинаО. В.ZhelyabinaO. V.

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А

34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522

olga-sheliabina@mail.ruЕлисеевМ. С.EliseevM. S.

115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А

34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of RheumatologyRussian Federation201729092017554436445Copyright © Желябина О.В., Елисеев М.С., 20172017Желябина О.В., Елисеев М.С.Zhelyabina O.V., Eliseev M.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2418

Представлен обзор наиболее важных работ, посвященных изучению влияния отдельных продуктов питания и компонентов пищи на риск развития подагры, ее клинические проявления и уровень урикемии. Рассмотрены некоторые механизмы, вероятно, лежащие в основе влияния особенностей питания на уровень урикемии. Показано, что имеющиеся данные о возможности изменения рациона питания, при должном их применении, могут существенно повлиять как на заболеваемость подагрой, так и на течение уже имеющегося заболевания.

The paper reviews the most important works devoted to the study of the impact of individual foods and food components on the risk of gout, its clinical manifestations and the level of uricemia. It considers some mechanisms probably underlying the impact of dietary patterns on the level of uricemia. It is shown that the available data on possible alterations in the diet with their proper application can considerably affect both the incidence of gout and the course of the current disease.

подаградиетаgoutdietReferencesZhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(10):3136-41. doi: 10.1002/art.30520Zhu Y, Pandya BJ, Choi HK. Prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia in the US general population: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(10):3136-41. doi: 10.1002/art.30520Roddy E, Doherty M. Epidemiology of gout. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12 (6):223. doi: 10.1186/ar3199Roddy E, Doherty M. Epidemiology of gout. Arthritis Res Ther. 2010;12 (6):223. doi: 10.1186/ar3199Brook RA, Forsythe A, Smeeding JE, et al. Chronic gout: epidemiology, disease progression, treatment and disease burden. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(12):2813-21. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.533647Brook RA, Forsythe A, Smeeding JE, et al. Chronic gout: epidemiology, disease progression, treatment and disease burden. Curr Med Res Opin. 2010;26(12):2813-21. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2010.533647Choi HK, Curhan G. Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2007;116(8):894-900. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703389Choi HK, Curhan G. Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation. 2007;116(8):894-900. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.703389Smith EU, Diaz-Torne C, Perez-Ruiz F, et al. Epidemiology of gout: an update. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2010;24(6):811-27. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.10.004Smith EU, Diaz-Torne C, Perez-Ruiz F, et al. Epidemiology of gout: an update. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2010;24(6):811-27. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.10.004Bruderer S, Bodmer M, Jick SS, et al. Use of diuretics and risk of incident gout: a population-based case-control study. Arthritis Rheum. 2014;66(1):185-96. doi: 10.1002/art.38203Bruderer S, Bodmer M, Jick SS, et al. Use of diuretics and risk of incident gout: a population-based case-control study. Arthritis Rheum. 2014;66(1):185-96. doi: 10.1002/art.38203Hunter DJ, York M, Chaisson CE, et al. Recent diuretic use and the risk of recurrent gout attacks: the online case-crossover gout study. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(7):1341-5.Hunter DJ, York M, Chaisson CE, et al. Recent diuretic use and the risk of recurrent gout attacks: the online case-crossover gout study. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(7):1341-5.Perez-Ruiz F. Treating to target: a strategy to cure gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48 Suppl 2:ii9-ii14. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep087Perez-Ruiz F. Treating to target: a strategy to cure gout. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48 Suppl 2:ii9-ii14. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep087Kersley GD. A short history of gout. In: Gutman AB, Fessel WJ, Hall AP, et al, editors. Gout: a clinical comprehensive. New York: Medcom Inc.; 1971. P. 8-13.Kersley GD. A short history of gout. In: Gutman AB, Fessel WJ, Hall AP, et al, editors. Gout: a clinical comprehensive. New York: Medcom Inc.; 1971. P. 8-13.Zhang W, Doherty M, Barskova V, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Diagnosis. Report of a task force of the standing committee for international clinical studies including therapeutics. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1301-11. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.055269Zhang W, Doherty M, Barskova V, et al. EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: Diagnosis. Report of a task force of the standing committee for international clinical studies including therapeutics. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1301-11. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.055269Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 Oct;64(10):1431-46. doi: 10.1002/acr.21772 5Khanna D, Fitzgerald JD, Khanna PP, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 1: Systematic nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapeutic approaches to hyperuricemia. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 Oct;64(10):1431-46. doi: 10.1002/acr.21772 5Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: Therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(10):1447-61. doi: 10.1002/acr.21773Khanna D, Khanna PP, Fitzgerald JD, et al. 2012 American College of Rheumatology guidelines for management of gout. Part 2: Therapy and antiinflammatory prophylaxis of acute gouty arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(10):1447-61. doi: 10.1002/acr.21773Khanna PP, Gladue HS, Singh MK, et al. Treatment of acute gout: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2014;44(1):31-8. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.02.003Khanna PP, Gladue HS, Singh MK, et al. Treatment of acute gout: a systematic review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2014;44(1):31-8. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.02.003Roddy E, Zhang W, Doherty M. Concordance of the management of chronic gout in a UK primary-care population with the EULAR gout recommendations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1311-5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.070755Roddy E, Zhang W, Doherty M. Concordance of the management of chronic gout in a UK primary-care population with the EULAR gout recommendations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1311-5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2007.070755Pal B, Foxall M, Dysart T, et al. How is gout managed in primary care? A review of current practice and proposed guidelines. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19:21-5. doi: 10.1007/s100670050005Pal B, Foxall M, Dysart T, et al. How is gout managed in primary care? A review of current practice and proposed guidelines. Clin Rheumatol. 2000;19:21-5. doi: 10.1007/s100670050005Singh JA, Hodges JS, Toscano JP, Asch SM. Quality of care for gout in the US needs improvement. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:822-9. doi: 10.1002/art.22767Singh JA, Hodges JS, Toscano JP, Asch SM. Quality of care for gout in the US needs improvement. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57:822-9. doi: 10.1002/art.22767Елисеев МС, Барскова ВГ, Денисов ИС. Динамика клинических проявлений подагры у мужчин (данные 7-летнего ретроспективного наблюдения). Терапевтический архив. 2015;87(5):10-5 [Eliseev MS, Barskova VG, Denisov IS. The dynamics of clinical manifestations of gout in men (data from 7- year retrospective surveillance). Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2015;87(5):10-5 (In Russ.)].Елисеев МС, Барскова ВГ, Денисов ИС. Динамика клинических проявлений подагры у мужчин (данные 7-летнего ретроспективного наблюдения). Терапевтический архив. 2015;87(5):10-5 [Eliseev MS, Barskova VG, Denisov IS. The dynamics of clinical manifestations of gout in men (data from 7- year retrospective surveillance). Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2015;87(5):10-5 (In Russ.)].Garrod AB. A treatise on gout and rheumatic gout. 3rd ed. London: Longmans; 1876. P. 218-45.Garrod AB. A treatise on gout and rheumatic gout. 3rd ed. London: Longmans; 1876. P. 218-45.Rodnan GP. The pathogenesis of aldermanic gout: procatarctic role of fluctuations in serum urate concentration in gouty arthritis provoked by feast and alcohol. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23 Suppl:737.Rodnan GP. The pathogenesis of aldermanic gout: procatarctic role of fluctuations in serum urate concentration in gouty arthritis provoked by feast and alcohol. Arthritis Rheum. 1980;23 Suppl:737.Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, et al. Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Lancet. 2004;363:1277-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16000-5Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson EW, et al. Alcohol intake and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Lancet. 2004;363:1277-81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16000-5Sharpe CR. A case-control study of alcohol consumption and drinking behaviour in patients with acute gout. Can Med Assoc J. 1984;131:563-7.Sharpe CR. A case-control study of alcohol consumption and drinking behaviour in patients with acute gout. Can Med Assoc J. 1984;131:563-7.Drum DE, Goldman PA, Jankowski CB. Elevation of serum uric acid as a clue to alcohol abuse. Arch Intern Med. 1981;141:477-9. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1981.00340040073020Drum DE, Goldman PA, Jankowski CB. Elevation of serum uric acid as a clue to alcohol abuse. Arch Intern Med. 1981;141:477-9. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1981.00340040073020Faller J, Fox IH. Ethanol-induced hyperuricemia: evidence for increased urate production by activation of adenine nucleotide turnover. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:1598-602. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198212233072602Faller J, Fox IH. Ethanol-induced hyperuricemia: evidence for increased urate production by activation of adenine nucleotide turnover. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:1598-602. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198212233072602Halla JT, Ball GV. Saturnine gout: a review of 42 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1982;11:307-14. doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(82)90053-1Halla JT, Ball GV. Saturnine gout: a review of 42 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 1982;11:307-14. doi: 10.1016/0049-0172(82)90053-1Kaneko K, Fujimori S, Akaoka I. Changes caused by ethanol intake on metabolism of hypouricemic agents (combination of allopurinol and benzbromarone). Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;309:139-42. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-2638-8_31Kaneko K, Fujimori S, Akaoka I. Changes caused by ethanol intake on metabolism of hypouricemic agents (combination of allopurinol and benzbromarone). Adv Exp Med Biol. 1991;309:139-42. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4899-2638-8_31Ralston SH, Capell HA, Sturrock RD. Alcohol and response to treatment of gout. Brit Med J. 1988;296:1641-2. doi: 10.1136/bmj.296.6637.1641-aRalston SH, Capell HA, Sturrock RD. Alcohol and response to treatment of gout. Brit Med J. 1988;296:1641-2. doi: 10.1136/bmj.296.6637.1641-aBonnie RJ, O'Connell ME, editors. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 2004.Bonnie RJ, O'Connell ME, editors. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press; 2004.Елисеев МС, Чикаленкова НА, Денисов ИС, Барскова ВГ. Факторы риска подагры: половые различия. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;49(6):28-31 [Eliseyev MS, Chikalenkova NA, Denisov IS, Barskova BG. Risk factors for gout: Gender differences. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(6):28-31 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-516Елисеев МС, Чикаленкова НА, Денисов ИС, Барскова ВГ. Факторы риска подагры: половые различия. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;49(6):28-31 [Eliseyev MS, Chikalenkova NA, Denisov IS, Barskova BG. Risk factors for gout: Gender differences. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(6):28-31 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-516Bhole V, de Vera M, Rahman MM, et al. Epidemiology of gout in women: fifty-two-year follow up of a prospective cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1069-76. doi: 10.1002/art.27338Bhole V, de Vera M, Rahman MM, et al. Epidemiology of gout in women: fifty-two-year follow up of a prospective cohort. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1069-76. doi: 10.1002/art.27338Vandenberg MK, Moxley G, Breitbach SA, Roberts WN. Gout attacks in chronic alcoholics occur at lower serum urate levels that in nonalcoholic. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:700-4.Vandenberg MK, Moxley G, Breitbach SA, Roberts WN. Gout attacks in chronic alcoholics occur at lower serum urate levels that in nonalcoholic. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:700-4.Choi HK, Curhan G. Beer, liquor, and wine consumption and serum uric acid level: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Dec 15;51(6):1023-9. doi: 10.1002/art.20821Choi HK, Curhan G. Beer, liquor, and wine consumption and serum uric acid level: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Dec 15;51(6):1023-9. doi: 10.1002/art.20821Gaffo AL, Roseman JM, Jacobs DR Jr, et al. Serum urate and its relationship with alcoholic beverage intake in men and women: findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(11):1965-70. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.129429Gaffo AL, Roseman JM, Jacobs DR Jr, et al. Serum urate and its relationship with alcoholic beverage intake in men and women: findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(11):1965-70. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.129429Nakamura K, Sakurai M, Miura K, et al. Alcohol intake and the risk of hyperuricaemia: a 6- year prospective study in Japanese men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012;22(11):989-96. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.01.003Nakamura K, Sakurai M, Miura K, et al. Alcohol intake and the risk of hyperuricaemia: a 6- year prospective study in Japanese men. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2012;22(11):989-96. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.01.003Neogi T, Chen C, Niu J, et al. Alcohol quantity and type on risk of recurrent gout attacks: An internet-based case-crossover study. Am J Med. 2014 Apr;127(4):311-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.12.019Neogi T, Chen C, Niu J, et al. Alcohol quantity and type on risk of recurrent gout attacks: An internet-based case-crossover study. Am J Med. 2014 Apr;127(4):311-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.12.019Juraschek SP, Kovell LC, Miller ER 3rd, Gelber FC. Gout, urate lo gout, urate lowering therapy and uric acid levels among us adults. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014 Sep 8. doi: 10/1002/acr.22469Juraschek SP, Kovell LC, Miller ER 3rd, Gelber FC. Gout, urate lo gout, urate lowering therapy and uric acid levels among us adults. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014 Sep 8. doi: 10/1002/acr.22469Gutman AB. The past four decades of progress in the knowledge of gout, with an assessment of the present status. Arthritis Rheum.1973;16:431-45. doi: 10.1002/art.1780160402Gutman AB. The past four decades of progress in the knowledge of gout, with an assessment of the present status. Arthritis Rheum.1973;16:431-45. doi: 10.1002/art.1780160402Miao Z, Li C, Chen Y, et al. Dietary and lifestyle changes associated with high prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout in the Shandong coastal cities of Eastern China. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:1859-64.Miao Z, Li C, Chen Y, et al. Dietary and lifestyle changes associated with high prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout in the Shandong coastal cities of Eastern China. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:1859-64.Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson E, et al. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. Engl J Med. 2004;350:1093-103. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa035700Choi HK, Atkinson K, Karlson E, et al. Purine-rich foods, dairy and protein intake, and the risk of gout in men. Engl J Med. 2004;350:1093-103. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa035700Choi HK, Liu S, Curhan G. Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:283-9. doi: 10.1002/art.20761Choi HK, Liu S, Curhan G. Intake of purine-rich foods, protein, and dairy products and relationship to serum levels of uric acid: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:283-9. doi: 10.1002/art.20761Gibson T, Rodgers AV, Simmonds HA, et al. A controlled study of diet in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 1983;42:123-7. doi: 10.1136/ard.42.2.123Gibson T, Rodgers AV, Simmonds HA, et al. A controlled study of diet in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 1983;42:123-7. doi: 10.1136/ard.42.2.123Clifford AJ, Riumallo JA, Young VR, Scrimshaw NS. Effect of oral purines on serum and urinary uric acid of normal, hyperuricemic and gouty humans. J Nutr. 1976;106:428-34.Clifford AJ, Riumallo JA, Young VR, Scrimshaw NS. Effect of oral purines on serum and urinary uric acid of normal, hyperuricemic and gouty humans. J Nutr. 1976;106:428-34.Roubenoff R. Gout and hyperuricemia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1990;16:539-50.Roubenoff R. Gout and hyperuricemia. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1990;16:539-50.Campion EW, Glynn RJ, DeLabry LO. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Risks and consequences in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Med. 1987; 82:421-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90441-4Campion EW, Glynn RJ, DeLabry LO. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia. Risks and consequences in the Normative Aging Study. Am J Med. 1987; 82:421-6. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(87)90441-4Zhang Y, Chen C, Choi H, et al. Purine-rich foods intake and recurrent gout attacks. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Sep;71(9):1448-53. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201215Zhang Y, Chen C, Choi H, et al. Purine-rich foods intake and recurrent gout attacks. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Sep;71(9):1448-53. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-201215Kullich W, Ulreich A, Klein G. Changes in uric acid and blood lipids in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia treated with diet therapy in a rehabilitation procedure. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1989;28:134-7 (In Germ.).Kullich W, Ulreich A, Klein G. Changes in uric acid and blood lipids in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia treated with diet therapy in a rehabilitation procedure. Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 1989;28:134-7 (In Germ.).Messina M, Messina VL, Chan P. Soyfoods, hyperuricemia and gout: a review of the epidemiologic and clinical data. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(3):347-58.Messina M, Messina VL, Chan P. Soyfoods, hyperuricemia and gout: a review of the epidemiologic and clinical data. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2011;20(3):347-58.Villegas R, Xiang YB, Elasy T, et al. Purine-rich foods, protein intake, and the prevalence of hyperuricemia: The Shanghai Men's Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.012Villegas R, Xiang YB, Elasy T, et al. Purine-rich foods, protein intake, and the prevalence of hyperuricemia: The Shanghai Men's Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.012Chang WC. Dietary intake and the risk of hyperuricemia, gout and chronic kidney disease in elderly Taiwanese men. Aging Male. 2011;14(3):195-202. doi: 10.3109/13685538.2010.512372Chang WC. Dietary intake and the risk of hyperuricemia, gout and chronic kidney disease in elderly Taiwanese men. Aging Male. 2011;14(3):195-202. doi: 10.3109/13685538.2010.512372Pan WH, Chin CJ, Sheu CT, Lee MH. Hemostatic factors and blood lipids in young Buddhist vegetarians and omnivores. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;58:354-9.Pan WH, Chin CJ, Sheu CT, Lee MH. Hemostatic factors and blood lipids in young Buddhist vegetarians and omnivores. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;58:354-9.Matzkies F, Berg G, Madl H. The uricosuric action of protein in man. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1980;122A:227e31.Matzkies F, Berg G, Madl H. The uricosuric action of protein in man. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1980;122A:227e31.Garrel DR, Verdy M, PetitClerc C, et al. Milk- and soy-protein ingestion: acute effect on serum uric acid concentration. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:665-9.Garrel DR, Verdy M, PetitClerc C, et al. Milk- and soy-protein ingestion: acute effect on serum uric acid concentration. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:665-9.Brule D, Sarwar G, Savoie L. Changes in serum and urinary uric acid levels in normal human subjects fed purinerich foods containing different amounts of adenine and hypoxanthine. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992;11:353-8. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1992.10718238Brule D, Sarwar G, Savoie L. Changes in serum and urinary uric acid levels in normal human subjects fed purinerich foods containing different amounts of adenine and hypoxanthine. J Am Coll Nutr. 1992;11:353-8. doi: 10.1080/07315724.1992.10718238Hsu DZ, Chen SJ, Chu PY, Liu MY. Therapeutic effects of sesame oil on monosodium urate crystal-induced acute inflammatory response in rats. Springer Plus. 2013;2:659. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-659Hsu DZ, Chen SJ, Chu PY, Liu MY. Therapeutic effects of sesame oil on monosodium urate crystal-induced acute inflammatory response in rats. Springer Plus. 2013;2:659. doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-659Hsu DZ, Li YH, Chu PY, et al. Attenuation of endotoxininduced oxidative stress and multiple organ injury by 3,4- Methylenedioxyphenol in rats. Shock 2006;25:300-5. doi: 10.1097/01.shk.0000194719.82845.39Hsu DZ, Li YH, Chu PY, et al. Attenuation of endotoxininduced oxidative stress and multiple organ injury by 3,4- Methylenedioxyphenol in rats. Shock 2006;25:300-5. doi: 10.1097/01.shk.0000194719.82845.39Chu PY, Hsu DZ, Hsu PY, Liu MY. Sesamol downregulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Innate Immun. 2009;16:333-9. doi: 10.1021/bk-2012-1093.ch019Chu PY, Hsu DZ, Hsu PY, Liu MY. Sesamol downregulates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Innate Immun. 2009;16:333-9. doi: 10.1021/bk-2012-1093.ch019Chu PY, Chien SP, Hsu DZ, Liu MY. Protective effect of sesamol on the pulmonary inflammatory response and lung injury in endotoxemic rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48:1821-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.014Chu PY, Chien SP, Hsu DZ, Liu MY. Protective effect of sesamol on the pulmonary inflammatory response and lung injury in endotoxemic rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2010;48:1821-6. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.014Zgaga L, Theodoratou E, Kyle J, et al. The association of dietary intake of purine-rich vegetables, sugarsweetened beverages and dairy with plasma urate, in a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38123. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038123Zgaga L, Theodoratou E, Kyle J, et al. The association of dietary intake of purine-rich vegetables, sugarsweetened beverages and dairy with plasma urate, in a cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e38123. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038123Choi HK, Curhan G. Gout: epidemiology and lifestyle choices. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17:341-5. View Article. PubMed/NCBI. PMID: 15838248Choi HK, Curhan G. Gout: epidemiology and lifestyle choices. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17:341-5. View Article. PubMed/NCBI. PMID: 15838248Dalbeth N, Horne A, Gamble GD, et al. The effect of calcium supplementation on serum urate: analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48:195-7. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken416Dalbeth N, Horne A, Gamble GD, et al. The effect of calcium supplementation on serum urate: analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009;48:195-7. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken416Kerksick CM, Rasmussen CJ, Lancaster SL, et al. The effects of protein and amino acid supplementation on performance and training adaptations during ten weeks of resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20:643-53. doi: 10.1519/R-17695.1Kerksick CM, Rasmussen CJ, Lancaster SL, et al. The effects of protein and amino acid supplementation on performance and training adaptations during ten weeks of resistance training. J Strength Cond Res. 2006;20:643-53. doi: 10.1519/R-17695.1Verdi RJ, Barbano DM, Dellavalle ME, Senyk GF. Variability in true protein, casein, nonprotein nitrogen, and proteolysis in high and low somatic cell milks. J Dairy Sci. 1987;70:230-42. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80002-4Verdi RJ, Barbano DM, Dellavalle ME, Senyk GF. Variability in true protein, casein, nonprotein nitrogen, and proteolysis in high and low somatic cell milks. J Dairy Sci. 1987;70:230-42. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80002-4Ghadirian P, Shatenstein B, Verdy M, Hamet P. The influence of dairy products on plasma uric acid in women. Eur J Epidemiol. 1995 Jun;11(3):275-81. doi: 10.1007/BF01719431Ghadirian P, Shatenstein B, Verdy M, Hamet P. The influence of dairy products on plasma uric acid in women. Eur J Epidemiol. 1995 Jun;11(3):275-81. doi: 10.1007/BF01719431Goldfinger S, Klinenberg JR, Seegmiller JE. Renal retention of uric acid induced by infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. N Engl J Med. 1965;272:351-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196502182720705Goldfinger S, Klinenberg JR, Seegmiller JE. Renal retention of uric acid induced by infusion of beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. N Engl J Med. 1965;272:351-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196502182720705Indyk HE, Woollard DC. Determination of orotic acid, uric acid, and creatinine in milk by liquid chromatography. J AOAC Int. 2004;87:116-22.Indyk HE, Woollard DC. Determination of orotic acid, uric acid, and creatinine in milk by liquid chromatography. J AOAC Int. 2004;87:116-22.Takahashi S, Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, et al. Decreased serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 in patients with gout. Metabolism. 1998;47(3):336-8. doi: 10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90267-0Takahashi S, Yamamoto T, Moriwaki Y, et al. Decreased serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 in patients with gout. Metabolism. 1998;47(3):336-8. doi: 10.1016/S0026-0495(98)90267-0Dalbeth N, Ames R, Gamble GD, et al. Effects of skim milk powder enriched with glycomacropeptide and G600 milk fat extract on frequency of gout яares: a proofof- concept randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(6):929-34. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200156Dalbeth N, Ames R, Gamble GD, et al. Effects of skim milk powder enriched with glycomacropeptide and G600 milk fat extract on frequency of gout яares: a proofof- concept randomised controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(6):929-34. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200156Osler W. Gout. The principles and practice of medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton; 1893. P. 287-95.Osler W. Gout. The principles and practice of medicine. 2nd ed. New York: Appleton; 1893. P. 287-95.Lawrence RC, Helmick CG, Arnett FC, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the United States. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:778-99. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199805)41:5<778::AID-ART4>3.0.CO;2-VLawrence RC, Helmick CG, Arnett FC, et al. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and selected musculoskeletal disorders in the United States. Arthritis Rheum. 1998;41:778-99. doi: 10.1002/1529-0131(199805)41:5<778::AID-ART4>3.0.CO;2-VArromdee E, Michet CJ, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of gout: is the incidence rising? J Rheumatol. 2002;29:2403-6.Arromdee E, Michet CJ, Crowson CS, et al. Epidemiology of gout: is the incidence rising? J Rheumatol. 2002;29:2403-6.Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:899-906.Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic of hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86:899-906.Perheentupa J, Raivio K. Fructose-induced hyperuricaemia. Lancet. 1967;2(7515):528-31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(67)90494-1Perheentupa J, Raivio K. Fructose-induced hyperuricaemia. Lancet. 1967;2(7515):528-31. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(67)90494-1Raivio KO, Becker A, Meyer LJ, et al. Stimulation of human purine synthesis de novo by fructose infusion. Metabolism. 1975;24:861-9. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(75)90133-XRaivio KO, Becker A, Meyer LJ, et al. Stimulation of human purine synthesis de novo by fructose infusion. Metabolism. 1975;24:861-9. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(75)90133-XFox IH, Palella TD, Kelley WN. Hyperuricemia: a marker for cell energy crisis. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(2):111-2. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198707093170209Fox IH, Palella TD, Kelley WN. Hyperuricemia: a marker for cell energy crisis. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(2):111-2. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198707093170209Wu T, Giovannucci E, Pischon T, et al. Fructose, glycemic load, and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;80(4):1043-9.Wu T, Giovannucci E, Pischon T, et al. Fructose, glycemic load, and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Oct;80(4):1043-9.Choi HK, Curhan G. Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. Brit Med J. 2008;336:309-12. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39449.819271.BEChoi HK, Curhan G. Soft drinks, fructose consumption, and the risk of gout in men: prospective cohort study. Brit Med J. 2008;336:309-12. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39449.819271.BEChoi HK, Willett W, Curhan G. Fructose-rich beverages and risk of gout in women. JAMA. 2010;304(20):2270-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1638Choi HK, Willett W, Curhan G. Fructose-rich beverages and risk of gout in women. JAMA. 2010;304(20):2270-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2010.1638Biernatkaluza EK, Schlesinger N. Lemon juice reduces serum uric acid level via alkalization of urine in gouty and hyperuremic patients – a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:774. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5147Biernatkaluza EK, Schlesinger N. Lemon juice reduces serum uric acid level via alkalization of urine in gouty and hyperuremic patients – a pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74:774. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5147Sanchez-Moreno C, Cano MP, de Ancos B, et al. High-pressurized orange juice consumption affects plasma vitamin C, antioxidative status and inflammatory markers in healthy humans. J Nutr. 2003;133:2204-9.Sanchez-Moreno C, Cano MP, de Ancos B, et al. High-pressurized orange juice consumption affects plasma vitamin C, antioxidative status and inflammatory markers in healthy humans. J Nutr. 2003;133:2204-9.Odvina CV. Comparative value of orange juice versus lemonade in reducing stone- forming risk. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:1269-74. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00800306Odvina CV. Comparative value of orange juice versus lemonade in reducing stone- forming risk. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;1:1269-74. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00800306Stein HB, Hasan A, Fox IH. Ascorbic acid-induced uricosuria. A consequency of megavitamin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1976;84:385-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-385Stein HB, Hasan A, Fox IH. Ascorbic acid-induced uricosuria. A consequency of megavitamin therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1976;84:385-8. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-385Huang HY, Appel LJ, Choi MJ, et al. The effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum concentrations of uric acid: results of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(6):1843-7. doi: 10.1002/art.21105Huang HY, Appel LJ, Choi MJ, et al. The effects of vitamin C supplementation on serum concentrations of uric acid: results of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(6):1843-7. doi: 10.1002/art.21105Choi HK, Gao X, Curhan G. Vitamin C intake and the risk of gout in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(5):502-7. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.606Choi HK, Gao X, Curhan G. Vitamin C intake and the risk of gout in men: a prospective study. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(5):502-7. doi: 10.1001/archinternmed.2008.606Juraschek SP, Miller ER III, Gelber AC. Effect of oral vitamin C supplementation on serum uric acid: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63:1295- 306. doi: 10.1002/acr.20519Juraschek SP, Miller ER III, Gelber AC. Effect of oral vitamin C supplementation on serum uric acid: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011;63:1295- 306. doi: 10.1002/acr.20519Stamp LK, Zhu X, Dalbeth N, et al. Serum urate as a soluble biomarker in chronic gout – evidence that serum urate fulfils the OMERACT validation criteria for soluble biomarkers. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;40:483-500. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2010.09.003Stamp LK, Zhu X, Dalbeth N, et al. Serum urate as a soluble biomarker in chronic gout – evidence that serum urate fulfils the OMERACT validation criteria for soluble biomarkers. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2011;40:483-500. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2010.09.003Stamp LK, O'Donnell JL, Frampton C, et al. Clinically Insignificant Effect of Supplemental Vitamin C on Serum Urate in Patients With Gout A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(6):1636-42. doi: 10.1002/art.37925Stamp LK, O'Donnell JL, Frampton C, et al. Clinically Insignificant Effect of Supplemental Vitamin C on Serum Urate in Patients With Gout A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(6):1636-42. doi: 10.1002/art.37925Jacob RA, Spinozzi GM, Simon VA, et al. Consumption of cherries lowers plasma urate in healthy women. J Nutr. 2003;133:1826-9.Jacob RA, Spinozzi GM, Simon VA, et al. Consumption of cherries lowers plasma urate in healthy women. J Nutr. 2003;133:1826-9.Haidari F, Mohammad SM, Keshavarz S, Rashidi M. Inhibitory effects of tart cherry (Prunus cerasus) juice on xanthine oxidoreductase activity and its hypouricemic and antioxidant effects on rats. Mal J Nutr. 2009;15:53-64.Haidari F, Mohammad SM, Keshavarz S, Rashidi M. Inhibitory effects of tart cherry (Prunus cerasus) juice on xanthine oxidoreductase activity and its hypouricemic and antioxidant effects on rats. Mal J Nutr. 2009;15:53-64.Traustadottir T, Davies SS, Stock AA, et al. Tart cherry juice decreases oxidative stress in healthy older men and women. J Nutr. 2009;139:1896-900. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.111716Traustadottir T, Davies SS, Stock AA, et al. Tart cherry juice decreases oxidative stress in healthy older men and women. J Nutr. 2009;139:1896-900. doi: 10.3945/jn.109.111716Kelley DS, Rasooly R, Jacob RA, et al. Consumption of Bing sweet cherries lowers circulating concentrations of inflammation markers in healthy men and women. J Nutr. 2006;136(4):981-6.Kelley DS, Rasooly R, Jacob RA, et al. Consumption of Bing sweet cherries lowers circulating concentrations of inflammation markers in healthy men and women. J Nutr. 2006;136(4):981-6.Bondesen BA, Mills ST, Kegley KM, Pavlath GK. The COX-2 pathway is essential during early stages of skeletal muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004;287:C475- C483. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2004Bondesen BA, Mills ST, Kegley KM, Pavlath GK. The COX-2 pathway is essential during early stages of skeletal muscle regeneration. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004;287:C475- C483. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.00088.2004Howatson G, McHugh MP, Hill JA, et al. Influence of tart cherry juice on indices of recovery following marathon running. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20:843-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01005.xHowatson G, McHugh MP, Hill JA, et al. Influence of tart cherry juice on indices of recovery following marathon running. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20:843-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01005.xBlau LW. Cherry diet control for gout and arthritis. Tex Rep Biol Med. 1950;8:309-11.Blau LW. Cherry diet control for gout and arthritis. Tex Rep Biol Med. 1950;8:309-11.Zhang Y, Neogi T, Chen C, et al. Cherry consumption and the risk of recurrent gout attacks. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(12):4004-11. doi: 10.1002/art.34677Zhang Y, Neogi T, Chen C, et al. Cherry consumption and the risk of recurrent gout attacks. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(12):4004-11. doi: 10.1002/art.34677Juraschek SP, McAdams-Demarco M, Gelber AC, et al. Effects of Lowering Glycemic Index of Dietary Carbohydrate on Plasma Uric Acid Levels: The OmniCarb Randomized Clinical Trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2016 May;68(5):1281-9. doi: 10.1002/art.39527Juraschek SP, McAdams-Demarco M, Gelber AC, et al. Effects of Lowering Glycemic Index of Dietary Carbohydrate on Plasma Uric Acid Levels: The OmniCarb Randomized Clinical Trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2016 May;68(5):1281-9. doi: 10.1002/art.39527Kiyohara C, Kono S, Honjo S, et al. Inverse association between coffee drinking and serum uric acid concentrations in middleaged Japanese males. Br J Nutr. 1999;82:125-30.Kiyohara C, Kono S, Honjo S, et al. Inverse association between coffee drinking and serum uric acid concentrations in middleaged Japanese males. Br J Nutr. 1999;82:125-30.Choi HK, Curhan G. Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and serum uric acid level: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(5):816- 21. doi: 10.1002/art.22762Choi HK, Curhan G. Coffee, tea, and caffeine consumption and serum uric acid level: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;57(5):816- 21. doi: 10.1002/art.22762Pham NM, Yoshida D, Morita M, et al. The relation of coffee consumption to serum uric acid in Japanese men and women aged 49–76 years. J Nutr Metab. 2010. doi: 10.1155/2010/930757Pham NM, Yoshida D, Morita M, et al. The relation of coffee consumption to serum uric acid in Japanese men and women aged 49–76 years. J Nutr Metab. 2010. doi: 10.1155/2010/930757Choi HK, Curhan G. Coffee consumption and risk of incident gout in women: the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(4):922-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29565. Epub 2010 Aug 25.Choi HK, Curhan G. Coffee consumption and risk of incident gout in women: the Nurses' Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92(4):922-7. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29565. Epub 2010 Aug 25.Choi HK, Willett W, Curhan G. Coffee consumption and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(6):2049-55. doi: 10.1002/art.22712Choi HK, Willett W, Curhan G. Coffee consumption and risk of incident gout in men: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(6):2049-55. doi: 10.1002/art.22712Wu T, Willett WC, Hankinson SE, Giovannucci E. Caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine in relation to plasma C-peptide levels, a marker of insulin secretion, in U.S. women. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(6):1390-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.6.1390Wu T, Willett WC, Hankinson SE, Giovannucci E. Caffeinated coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and caffeine in relation to plasma C-peptide levels, a marker of insulin secretion, in U.S. women. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(6):1390-6. doi: 10.2337/diacare.28.6.1390Van Dijk AE, Olthof MR, Meeuse JC, et al. Acute effects of decaffeinated coffee and the major coffee components chlorogenic acid and trigonelline on glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1023-5. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0207Van Dijk AE, Olthof MR, Meeuse JC, et al. Acute effects of decaffeinated coffee and the major coffee components chlorogenic acid and trigonelline on glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(6):1023-5. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0207Kiyohara C, Kono S, Honjo S, et al. Inverse association between coffee drinking and serum uric acid concentrations in middleaged Japanese males. Brit J Nutr. 1999;82(2):125-30.Kiyohara C, Kono S, Honjo S, et al. Inverse association between coffee drinking and serum uric acid concentrations in middleaged Japanese males. Brit J Nutr. 1999;82(2):125-30.Hsu YC, Lee PH, Lei CC, et al. Analgesic use, parents' clan, and coffee intake are three independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease in middle and elderly-aged population: a communitybased study. Ren Fail. 2014;36(3):361-6.Hsu YC, Lee PH, Lei CC, et al. Analgesic use, parents' clan, and coffee intake are three independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease in middle and elderly-aged population: a communitybased study. Ren Fail. 2014;36(3):361-6.Tong L. Chinese tea a culture history and drinking guide. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press; 2010.Tong L. Chinese tea a culture history and drinking guide. 2nd ed. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press; 2010.Henning SM, Niu Y, Liu Y, et al. Bioavailability and antioxidant effect of epigallocatechin gallate administered in purified form versus as green tea extract in healthy individuals. J Nutr Biochem. 2005;16(10):610-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.03.003Henning SM, Niu Y, Liu Y, et al. Bioavailability and antioxidant effect of epigallocatechin gallate administered in purified form versus as green tea extract in healthy individuals. J Nutr Biochem. 2005;16(10):610-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2005.03.003Teng GG, Tan CS, Santosa A, et al. Serum urate levels and consumption of common beverages and alcohol among Chinese in Singapore. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(9):1432-40. doi: 10.1002/acr.21999Teng GG, Tan CS, Santosa A, et al. Serum urate levels and consumption of common beverages and alcohol among Chinese in Singapore. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013;65(9):1432-40. doi: 10.1002/acr.21999Aucamp J, Gaspar A, Hara Y, Apostolides Z. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by catechins from tea (Camellia sinensis). Anticancer Res. 1997;17(6D):4381-5.Aucamp J, Gaspar A, Hara Y, Apostolides Z. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by catechins from tea (Camellia sinensis). Anticancer Res. 1997;17(6D):4381-5.Jatuworapruk K, Srichairatanakool S, Ounjaijean S, et al. Effects of green tea extract on serum uric acid and urate clearance in healthy individuals. J Clin Rheumatol. 2014;20(6):310-3. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000000148Jatuworapruk K, Srichairatanakool S, Ounjaijean S, et al. Effects of green tea extract on serum uric acid and urate clearance in healthy individuals. J Clin Rheumatol. 2014;20(6):310-3. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000000148Chen G, Tan ML, Li KK, et al. Green tea polyphenols decreases uric acid level through xanthine oxidase and renal urate transporters in hyperuricemic mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;175:14- 20. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.043Chen G, Tan ML, Li KK, et al. Green tea polyphenols decreases uric acid level through xanthine oxidase and renal urate transporters in hyperuricemic mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2015;175:14- 20. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.043Butt MS, Imran A, Sharif MK, et al. Black tea polyphenols: a mechanistic treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(8):1002-11. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.623198Butt MS, Imran A, Sharif MK, et al. Black tea polyphenols: a mechanistic treatise. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2014;54(8):1002-11. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.623198Bahorun T, Luximon-Ramma A, Gunness TK, et al. Black tea reduces uric acid and C- reactive protein levels in humans susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. Toxicology. 2010;278(1):68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.11.024Bahorun T, Luximon-Ramma A, Gunness TK, et al. Black tea reduces uric acid and C- reactive protein levels in humans susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. Toxicology. 2010;278(1):68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.11.024Sun CL, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Yu MC. Green tea, black tea and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis of epidemiological studies. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27(7):1310-5. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi276Sun CL, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Yu MC. Green tea, black tea and breast cancer risk: a meta- analysis of epidemiological studies. Carcinogenesis. 2006;27(7):1310-5. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgi276Juraschek SP, Gelber AC, Choi HK, et al. Effects of the Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Sodium Intake on Serum Uric Acid. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Aug 14. doi: 10.1002/art.39813 [Epub ahead of print].Juraschek SP, Gelber AC, Choi HK, et al. Effects of the Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet and Sodium Intake on Serum Uric Acid. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016 Aug 14. doi: 10.1002/art.39813 [Epub ahead of print].

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.