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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2017-675-684</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2474</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Желудочно-кишечные кровотечения при использовании новых пероральных антикоагулянтов: эпидемиология, факторы риска, лечение и профилактика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING WITH THE USE OF NEW ORAL ANTICOAGULANTS: EPIDEMIOLOGY, RISK FACTORS, TREATMENT, AND PREVENTION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мороз</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moroz</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aekarat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>A. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aekarat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крюков</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kryukov</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aekarat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чернецов</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chernetsov</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aekarat@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГКУ «Главный военный клинический госпиталь имени академика Н.Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России, Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Academician N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Defense of Russia, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно- исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой», Москва</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>55</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>675</fpage><lpage>684</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мороз Е.В., Каратеев А.Е., Крюков Е.В., Чернецов В.А., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мороз Е.В., Каратеев А.Е., Крюков Е.В., Чернецов В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Moroz E.V., Karateev A.E., Kryukov E.V., Chernetsov V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2474">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2474</self-uri><abstract><p>Новые пероральные антикоагулянты (НОАК) – прямой ингибитор тромбина дабигатран, селективные ингибиторы фактора Xa ривароксабан и апиксабан – все шире используются в реальной клинической практике как эффективное антитромботическое средство. К сожалению, эти препараты могут вызывать серьезные неблагоприятные реакции, среди которых одним из наиболее частых является желудочно-кишечное кровотечение. Это осложнение ежегодно развивается у 2–3% больных, принимающих НОАК. Источники кровотечения могут находиться как в верхних, так и в нижних отделах желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ). Нередко причиной кровотечения становятся недиагностированные новообразования ЖКТ, чаще – колоректальный рак. Согласно данным клинических и когортных исследований, наибольший риск кровотечений отмечается при использовании ривароксабана. Факторами риска являются пожилой возраст, сопутствующий прием нестероидных противовоспалительных препаратов, аспирина, других антикоагулянтов, патология ЖКТ, инфекция H. pylori, нарушение функции почек и печени, прием алкоголя. Лечение желудочно-кишечного кровотечения осуществляется по общим принципам, с использованием эндоскопических и хирургических методов. Особое значение придается блокаде антикоагулянтного действия НОАК. В последнее время с этой целью была разработана и проходит клиническую апробацию целая серия «антидотов» – идаруцизумаб (он уже применяется в ряде стран мира), андексанет и цирапарантаг. Профилактика кровотечений заключается в контроле факторов риска, рациональном использовании НОАК, профилактическом назначении ингибиторов протонной помпы, своевременном прерывании приема антикоагулянтов перед травматичными медицинскими манипуляциями на органах ЖКТ (в частности, перед определенными эндоскопич скими процедурами).</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs), such as the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and the selective factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban and apixaban, are increasingly used as an effective antithrombotic drug in real clinical practice. Unfortunately, these medications can cause severe adverse events, including gastrointestinal bleeding, one of the most common events. This complication annually develops in 2–3% of patients taking NOACs. The sources of bleeding can be in both the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The common cause of bleeding is undiagnosed GIT neoplasms, often colorectal cancer. Clinical and cohort studies show that the greatest risk of bleeding is observed with the use of rivaroxaban. The risk factors are advanced age, concurrent administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, and other anticoagulants, gastrointestinal diseases, H. pylori infection, impaired renal and hepatic functions, and alcohol intake. Gastrointestinal bleeding is treated on general principles, by applying endoscopic and surgical techniques. Particular importance is attached to the blockade of the anticoagulant effects of NOACs. For this, the entire range of antidotes, such as idarucizumab (it has been already applied in several countries of the world), andexanet, and ciraparantag, has been recently designed and is undergoing clinical trials. Bleeding prevention involves control of risk factors, rational use of NOACs, prophylactic administration of proton pump inhibitors, timely discontinuation of anticoagulation prior to traumatic medical procedures on the gastrointestinal organs (before certain endoscopic procedures in particular).</p><p> </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антикоагулянты</kwd><kwd>дабигатран</kwd><kwd>ривароксабан</kwd><kwd>апиксабан</kwd><kwd>неблагоприятные реакции</kwd><kwd>желудочно-кишечное кровотечение</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>anticoagulants</kwd><kwd>dabigatran</kwd><kwd>rivaroxaban</kwd><kwd>apixaban</kwd><kwd>adverse events</kwd><kwd>gastrointestinal bleeding</kwd><kwd>risk factors</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сатыбалдыева МА, Решетняк ТМ. 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