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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2018-5-9</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2492</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ингибиция иммунных контрольных точек и аутоиммунитет: ревматологические проблемы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITION AND AUTOIMMUNITY: RHEUMATOLOGICAL PROBLEMS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>1115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;</p><p>2119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522;</p><p>28, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasonov@irramn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научноисследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А.Насоновой»;  ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет), кафедра ревматологии Института профессионального образования..</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia; Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow (Sechenov University).</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>9</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Насонов Е.Л., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Насонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nasonov E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2492">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2492</self-uri><abstract><p>Рассматриваются механизмы Т-клеточного иммунного ответа, которые зависят от баланса между костимуляторными и коингибиторными сигналами, которые получили название «иммунные контрольные точки» (ИКТ; immune checkpoints). Дисбаланс активации Т-клеток в рамках ИКТ (CTLA4/CD28 и PD1/PD1L) рассматривается как фундаментальный механизм не только аутоиммунной патологии, но и нарушения противоопухолевого иммунитета, лежащего в основе развития злокачественных новообразований. Использование моноклональных антител против негативных регуляторных ИКТ (CTLA4, PD1 и PD1L) является крупным достижением в лечении злокачественных новообразований в начале XXI в. Однако, поскольку CTLA4 и PD1 контролируют активацию аутореактивных Т-клеток, ингибиция этих ИКТ ассоциируется с развитием аутоиммунной патологии, которая определяется как «иммуноопосредованные нежелательные реакции» (ИОНР; immune related adverse evenеs). В статье рассматриваются клинические проявления ИОНР, в первую очередь ревматические, обсуждаются перспективы фармакотерапии с позиций достижений современной ревматологии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper deals with the mechanisms of a T-cell immune response, which depends on the balance between costimulatory and coinhibitory signals that have been called as immune checkpoints (ICP). The imbalance of T-cell activation within ICTs (CTLA4/CD28 and PD1/PD1L) is considered to be a fundamental mechanism not only of autoimmune disease, but also impaired antitumor immunity underlying the development of malignant tumors. The use of monoclonal antibodies against negative regulatory ICTs (CTLA4, PD1, and PD1L) is a major achievement in the treatment of malignant neoplasms in the early 21st century. However, since CTLA4 and PD1 control the activation of auto-reactive T cells, the inhibition of these ICTs is associated with the development of autoimmune disease that is defined as immune-mediated adverse even. The paper considers the clinical manifestations of IMAR, primarily rheumatic ones and discusses the prospects of pharmacotherapy from the standpoint of achievements of modern rheumatology.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>: цитотоксический T-лимфоцитарный антиген 4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 – CTLA4</kwd><kwd>CD152)</kwd><kwd>рецептор программируемой смерти 1 (programmed death-1 – PD1)</kwd><kwd>иммуноопосредованные нежелательные реакции (immune related adverse evenеs)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4)</kwd><kwd>CD152</kwd><kwd>programmed death-1 (PD1)</kwd><kwd>immune-mediated adverse reactions (immune related adverse events)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenblum MD, Remedios KA, Abbas AK. Mechanisms of human autoimmunity. 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