<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2018-310-315</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2564</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Риск остеопоротических переломов у больных ревматоидным артритом: результаты программы «Остеоскрининг Россия»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE RISK OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: RESULTS OF THE PROGRAM «OSTEOSCREENING RUSSIA»</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никитинская</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikitinskaya</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nikitinskayaos@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торопцова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Toroptsova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демин</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demin</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Феклистов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Feklistov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522 Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;</p><p>кафедра ревматологии Института профессионального образования, 119991 Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow 115522;</p><p>Department of Rheumatology, Instituteof Professional Education, 8, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский  университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology;&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>310</fpage><lpage>315</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Никитинская О.А., Торопцова Н.В., Демин Н.В., Феклистов А.Ю., Насонов Е.Л., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Никитинская О.А., Торопцова Н.В., Демин Н.В., Феклистов А.Ю., Насонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nikitinskaya O.A., Toroptsova N.V., Demin N.V., Feklistov A.Y., Nasonov E.L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2564">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2564</self-uri><abstract><p>Ревматоидный артрит (РА) и прием глюкокортикоидов (ГК) являются доказанными факторами риска (ФР) остеопороза (ОП) и остеопоротических переломов (ОПП). Существуют и другие причины увеличения риска переломов при РА.</p><p>Цель исследования – определить частоту РА в эпидемиологической выборке лиц в возрасте 50 лет и старше и выявить среди пациентов с РА людей, нуждающихся в назначении антиостеопоротической терапии для профилактики ОПП.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В эпидемиологическую выборку вошли 18 018 человек в возрасте 50 лет и старше (13 941 женщина и 4077 мужчин, средний возраст – 62±10 лет). Обследование состояло из анкетирования с использованием унифицированного опросника, определения суточного потребления кальция с продуктами питания, расчета 10-летнего риска переломов по алгоритму FRAX®.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты и обсуждение</title><p>Результаты и обсуждение. Распространенность РА в эпидемиологической выборке населения в возрасте 50 лет и старше составила 1,7% (1,9% у женщин и 1,2% у мужчин; р=0,0047). Средние значения FRAX® для основных ОПП у больных РА были значимо выше по сравнению с лицами без РА: 18,4±10 и 13,2±7,9% соответственно (p=0,0001) для женщин, 8,9±6,4 и 6,2±3,7% соответственно (p=0,0001) для мужчин. Высокий риск ОПП имели 42% пациентов с РА. Так, 48% женщин с РА имели показатели FRAX® выше порога терапевтического вмешательства, а в группе женщин без РА потребность в назначении антиостеопоротической терапии была достоверно меньше (31%; p=0,00001). В то же время у мужчин с РА и без него частота обнаружения высокого риска ОПП существенно не различалась (8 и 5% соответственно; p&gt;0,05). Среди наиболее частых ФР ОП и ОПП у больных РА были предшествующие переломы (33%), вторичные причины ОП (30%) и прием ГК (18%), дополнительно у мужчин – табакокурение (33%). Пациентки с РА достоверно чаще принимали ГК (17%) и имели другие вторичные причины ОП и ОПП (33%) по сравнению с женщинами без РА (7,7%, р=0,0001, и 23%, р=0,0004, соответственно). У мужчин с РА значимые различия по сравнению с популяционным контролем выявлены только по применению ГК (20 и 5% соответственно; р=0,0001), остальные ФР встречались с одинаковой частотой. Менее половины суточной нормы кальция потребляли 20% мужчин и 16% женщин (р=0,53).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. 42% пациентов с РА в возрасте 50 лет и старше имели высокий риск ОПП и нуждались в назначении антиостеопоротической терапии. Каждая третья женщина с РА имела дополнительно хотя бы еще одно коморбидное заболевание или состояние, ассоциированное с увеличением риска ОПП. У мужчин, больных РА, алгоритм FRAX® позволил выявить лишь 8% лиц с высоким риском переломов, в то время как у 58% из них имелись два и более дополнительных ФР, которые могут негативно влиять на минеральную плотность кости и повышать риск перелома. Для определения лиц, нуждающихся в профилактике и лечении ОП и ОПП, среди мужчин с РА предпочтительно проводить денситометрическое исследование аксиальных отделов скелета. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the use of glucocorticoids (GCs) are proven risk factors for osteoporosis (OP) and osteoporotic fractures (OPF). There are also other reasons for increased fracture risk in RA.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to determine the rate of RA in an epidemiological sample of persons aged 50 years and older and to identify those in need of antiosteoporotic therapy among the patients with RA in order to prevent OPF.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and methods</title><p>Subjects and methods. The epidemiological sample included 18,018 people aged 50 years and older (13,941 women and 4,077 men; mean age, 62±10 years). The survey consisted of a unified questionnaire, measurement of daily dietary calcium intake, and calculation of a 10-year fracture risk using the FRAX® algorithm.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and discussion</title><p>Results and discussion. The prevalence of RA in the epidemiological population sample aged 50 years and older was 1.7% (1.9% in women and 1.2% in men; p=0.0047). The mean FRAX® values for major OPF in RA patients were significantly higher than those in non-RA individuals: 18.4±10 and 13.2±7.9%, respectively (p=0.0001) for women and 8.9±6.4 and 6.2±3.7%, respectively (p=0.0001) for men. 42% of the patients with RA were at high risk for OPF. Thus, 48% of the women with RA had FRAX® values above the therapeutic intervention threshold; and the non-RA group needed antiosteoporotic therapy significantly less (31%; p=0.00001). At the same time, the detection rate of high-risk OPF in men with and without RA did not differ significantly (8 and 5%, respectively; p&gt;0.05). The most common risk factors (RFs) for OP and OPF in RA patients included previous fractures (33%), secondary causes of OP (30%), GC use (18%), and, additionally, smoking (33%) in male patients with RA. The female patients with RA significantly more frequently took GCs (17%) and had other secondary causes of OP and OPF (33%) than those without RA (7.7% (p=0.0001) and 23% (p=0.0004, respectively). The male patients with RA versus to the population-based control showed significant differences when they only used GCs (20 and 5%, respectively; p = 0.0001); the remaining RFs were encountered at the same frequency. Less than half of the normal daily calcium intake was observed in 20% of men and 16% of women (p=0.53).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. 42% of the RA patients aged 50 years and older were at high risk for OPF and needed antiosteoporotic therapy. Every third woman with RA had at least one other comorbidity or condition associated with the increased risk of OPF. In the male patients with RA, the FRAX® algorithm could reveal only 8% of persons at high risk for fractures, while 58% of them had two or more additional RFs that can negatively affect bone mineral density and increase the risk of fracture. To identify those who require prevention and treatment of OP and OPF, it is preferable to perform bone densitometry of the axial skeleton among male patients with RA. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>факторы риска переломов</kwd><kwd>FRAX®</kwd><kwd>периферическая денситометрия</kwd><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>потребление кальция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>risk fracture factors</kwd><kwd>FRAX®</kwd><kwd>peripheral densitometry</kwd><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>calcium intake</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Каратеев ДЕ. Ревматоидный артрит. В кн.: Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Российские клинические рекомендации. Ревматология. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2017. 464 с. [Nasonov EL, Karateev DE. Rheumatoid arthritis In: Nasonov EL, editor. Rossiyskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Revmatologiya [Russian clinical guidelines. Rheumatology]. Moscow: GEOTARMedia; 2017. 464 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Насонов ЕЛ, Каратеев ДЕ. Ревматоидный артрит. В кн.: Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Российские клинические рекомендации. Ревматология. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2017. 464 с. [Nasonov EL, Karateev DE. Rheumatoid arthritis In: Nasonov EL, editor. Rossiyskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Revmatologiya [Russian clinical guidelines. Rheumatology]. Moscow: GEOTARMedia; 2017. 464 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Staa TP, Geusens P, Bilsma JWJ, et al. Clinical assessment of long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(10):3104-12. doi: 10.1002/art.22117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Staa TP, Geusens P, Bilsma JWJ, et al. Clinical assessment of long-term risk of fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(10):3104-12. doi: 10.1002/art.22117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, Falch JA, et al. Bone mineral density and frequency of osteoporosis in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;42(3):522-30. doi: 10.1002/1529- 0131(200003)43:33.0.CO;2-Y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, Falch JA, et al. Bone mineral density and frequency of osteoporosis in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;42(3):522-30. doi: 10.1002/1529- 0131(200003)43:33.0.CO;2-Y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, Falch JA, et al. Reduced bone mineral density in male rheumatoid arhtritis patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43(12):2776-84. doi: 10.1002/1529- 0131(200012)43:123.0.CO;2-N</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, Falch JA, et al. Reduced bone mineral density in male rheumatoid arhtritis patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2000;43(12):2776-84. doi: 10.1002/1529- 0131(200012)43:123.0.CO;2-N</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaz Kaz H, Johnson D, Kerry S, et al. Fall-related risk factors and osteoporosis in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. 2004;43:1267-71. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh304</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaz Kaz H, Johnson D, Kerry S, et al. Fall-related risk factors and osteoporosis in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. 2004;43:1267-71. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh304</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smulders E, Schreven C, Weerdesteyn, et al. Fall incidence and fall risk factors in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1795-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.109009</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smulders E, Schreven C, Weerdesteyn, et al. Fall incidence and fall risk factors in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:1795-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.109009</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kvien T, Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, et al. Data driven attempt to create a clinical algorithm for identification of women with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk of osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000; 59:805-11. doi: 10.1136/ard.59.10.805</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kvien T, Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, et al. Data driven attempt to create a clinical algorithm for identification of women with rheumatoid arthritis at high risk of osteoporosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2000; 59:805-11. doi: 10.1136/ard.59.10.805</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Laan RF, Buijs WC, Verbeek AL, et al. Bone mineral density in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis: influence of disease activity and functional capacity. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52:21- 6. doi: 10.1136/ard.52.1.21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Laan RF, Buijs WC, Verbeek AL, et al. Bone mineral density in patients with recent onset rheumatoid arthritis: influence of disease activity and functional capacity. Ann Rheum Dis. 1993;52:21- 6. doi: 10.1136/ard.52.1.21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ding C, Parameswaren V, Udayan R, et al. Circulating levels of inflammatory markers predict change in bone mineral density and resorption in older adults: a longitudinal study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(5):1952-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-2325</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ding C, Parameswaren V, Udayan R, et al. Circulating levels of inflammatory markers predict change in bone mineral density and resorption in older adults: a longitudinal study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93(5):1952-8. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-2325</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cauley JA, Danielson ME, Boudreau RM, et al. Inflammatory markers and incident fracture risk in older men and women: The health aging and body composition study. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22(7):1088-95. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070409</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cauley JA, Danielson ME, Boudreau RM, et al. Inflammatory markers and incident fracture risk in older men and women: The health aging and body composition study. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22(7):1088-95. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070409</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orstavik RE, Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, et al. Self-reported non-vertebral fractures in rheumatoid arthritis and population based controls: incidence and relationship with bone mineral density and clinical variables. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:177-82. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.005850</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orstavik RE, Haugeberg G, Uhlig T, et al. Self-reported non-vertebral fractures in rheumatoid arthritis and population based controls: incidence and relationship with bone mineral density and clinical variables. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:177-82. doi: 10.1136/ard.2003.005850</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coulson KA, Reed G, Gilliam BE, et al. Factors influencing fracture risk, T score, and management of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the consortium of rheumatology researchers of North America (CORRONA) registry. J Clin Rheum. 2009;15(4):155-60. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181a5679d</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coulson KA, Reed G, Gilliam BE, et al. Factors influencing fracture risk, T score, and management of osteoporosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the consortium of rheumatology researchers of North America (CORRONA) registry. J Clin Rheum. 2009;15(4):155-60. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e3181a5679d</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furuya T, Kotake S, Inoue E, et al. Risk factors associated with incident clinical vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in Japanese women with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective 54-month observational study. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:303-10.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furuya T, Kotake S, Inoue E, et al. Risk factors associated with incident clinical vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in Japanese women with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective 54-month observational study. J Rheumatol. 2007;34:303-10.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Furuya T, Kotake S, Inoue E, et al. Risk factors associated with incident fractures in Japanese men with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective observational cohort study. J Bone Miner Metab. 2008;26:499-505. doi: 10.1007/s00774-007-0836-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Furuya T, Kotake S, Inoue E, et al. Risk factors associated with incident fractures in Japanese men with rheumatoid arthritis: a prospective observational cohort study. J Bone Miner Metab. 2008;26:499-505. doi: 10.1007/s00774-007-0836-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nampei A, Hashimoto J, Koyanagi J, et al. Characteristics of fracture and related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2008;18:170-6. doi: 10.3109/s10165-008-0032-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nampei A, Hashimoto J, Koyanagi J, et al. Characteristics of fracture and related factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2008;18:170-6. doi: 10.3109/s10165-008-0032-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, et al. A meta-analysis of prior corticosteroid use and fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19:893-9. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.040134</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, et al. A meta-analysis of prior corticosteroid use and fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res. 2004;19:893-9. doi: 10.1359/JBMR.040134</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pope JE, Hong P, Koehler BE. Prescribing trends in disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: a survey of practicing Canadian rheumatologist. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:255-60.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pope JE, Hong P, Koehler BE. Prescribing trends in disease modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis: a survey of practicing Canadian rheumatologist. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:255-60.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Thiele K, Buttgereit F, Huscher D, Zink A. Current use of glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Germany. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53:740-7. doi: 10.1002/art.21467</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Thiele K, Buttgereit F, Huscher D, Zink A. Current use of glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Germany. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53:740-7. doi: 10.1002/art.21467</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sokka T, Kautiainen N, Toloza S, et al. QUEST-RA: quantitative clinical assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis seen in standard rheumatology care in 15 countries. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1491-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.069252</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokka T, Kautiainen N, Toloza S, et al. QUEST-RA: quantitative clinical assessment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis seen in standard rheumatology care in 15 countries. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66:1491-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2006.069252</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silvermann S, Curtis J, Saag K, et al. International management of bone health in glucocorticoid-exposed individuals in the observational GLOW study. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26:419-20. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2883-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silvermann S, Curtis J, Saag K, et al. International management of bone health in glucocorticoid-exposed individuals in the observational GLOW study. Osteoporos Int. 2015;26:419-20. doi: 10.1007/s00198-014-2883-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова ИА, Ершова ОБ, Анаев ЭХ и др. Анализ оказания консультативной медицинской помощи пациентам с глюкокортикоидным остеопорозом или риском его развития по данным анкетирования пациентов (исследование ГЛЮКОСТ). Терапевтический архив. 2015;(5):58-64 [Baranova IA, Ershova OB, Anaev EKh, et al. Analysis of the state-of-the-art of consulting medical care to patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis or its risk according to the data of a questionnaire survey (GLUCOST study). Terapevticheskiy Arkhiv. 2015;(5):58-64 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587558-64</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Баранова ИА, Ершова ОБ, Анаев ЭХ и др. Анализ оказания консультативной медицинской помощи пациентам с глюкокортикоидным остеопорозом или риском его развития по данным анкетирования пациентов (исследование ГЛЮКОСТ). Терапевтический архив. 2015;(5):58-64 [Baranova IA, Ershova OB, Anaev EKh, et al. Analysis of the state-of-the-art of consulting medical care to patients with glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis or its risk according to the data of a questionnaire survey (GLUCOST study). Terapevticheskiy Arkhiv. 2015;(5):58-64 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.17116/terarkh201587558-64</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Фоломеева ОМ, Насонов ЕЛ, Андрианова ИА и др. Ревматоидный артрит в ревматологической практике России: тяжесть заболевания в российской популяции больных. Одномоментное (поперечное) эпидемиологическое исследование (RAISER). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2010;48(1):50-60 [Folomeeva OM, Nasonov EL, Andrianova IA, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis in rheumatological care of Russia: The severity of the disease in a russian patient population: A cross-sectional epidemiological study (RAISER). NauchnoPrakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2010;48(1):50-60 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2010-1406</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Фоломеева ОМ, Насонов ЕЛ, Андрианова ИА и др. Ревматоидный артрит в ревматологической практике России: тяжесть заболевания в российской популяции больных. Одномоментное (поперечное) эпидемиологическое исследование (RAISER). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2010;48(1):50-60 [Folomeeva OM, Nasonov EL, Andrianova IA, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis in rheumatological care of Russia: The severity of the disease in a russian patient population: A cross-sectional epidemiological study (RAISER). NauchnoPrakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2010;48(1):50-60 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2010-1406</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Roux C. Osteoporosis in inflammatory joint diseases. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:421-33. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1319-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Roux C. Osteoporosis in inflammatory joint diseases. Osteoporos Int. 2011;22:421-33. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1319-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панафидина ТА, Кондратьева ЛВ, Герасимова ЕВ и др. Коморбидность при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(3):283-9 [Panafidina TA, Kondratyeva LV, Gerasimova EV, et al. Comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(3):283-9 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-283-289</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Панафидина ТА, Кондратьева ЛВ, Герасимова ЕВ и др. Коморбидность при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(3):283-9 [Panafidina TA, Kondratyeva LV, Gerasimova EV, et al. Comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(3):283-9 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-283-289</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина НМ, Афанасьев ИА, Ребров АП. Коморбидность у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(2):149-54 [Nikitina NM, Afanasyev IA, Rebrov AP. Comorbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(2):149-54 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995- 4484-2015-149-154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Никитина НМ, Афанасьев ИА, Ребров АП. Коморбидность у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(2):149-54 [Nikitina NM, Afanasyev IA, Rebrov AP. Comorbidity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(2):149-54 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995- 4484-2015-149-154</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rossini M, Viapiana O, Vitiello M, et al. Prevalence and incidence of osteoporotic fractures in patients on long-term glucocorticoid treatment for rheumatic diseases: the Glucocorticoid Induced OsTeoporosis TOol (GIOTTO) study. Reumatismo. 2017;69(1):30- 9. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2017.922</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rossini M, Viapiana O, Vitiello M, et al. Prevalence and incidence of osteoporotic fractures in patients on long-term glucocorticoid treatment for rheumatic diseases: the Glucocorticoid Induced OsTeoporosis TOol (GIOTTO) study. Reumatismo. 2017;69(1):30- 9. doi: 10.4081/reumatismo.2017.922</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баранова ИА, Белая ЖЕ, Гассер РВ и др. Остеопороз: руководство для врачей. Москва; 2016. 464 с. [Baranova IA, Belaya ZhE, Gasser RV, et al. Osteoporoz: rukovodstvo dlya vrachey [Osteoporosis: a guide for doctors]. Moscow; 2016. 464 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Баранова ИА, Белая ЖЕ, Гассер РВ и др. Остеопороз: руководство для врачей. Москва; 2016. 464 с. [Baranova IA, Belaya ZhE, Gasser RV, et al. Osteoporoz: rukovodstvo dlya vrachey [Osteoporosis: a guide for doctors]. Moscow; 2016. 464 p. (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klop C, de Vrieset F, Bijlsma JWJ, et al. Predicting the 10-year risk of hip and major osteoporotic fracture in rheumatoid arthritis and in the general population: an independent validation and update of UK FRAX without bone mineral density. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:2095-100. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2015-208958</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klop C, de Vrieset F, Bijlsma JWJ, et al. Predicting the 10-year risk of hip and major osteoporotic fracture in rheumatoid arthritis and in the general population: an independent validation and update of UK FRAX without bone mineral density. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75:2095-100. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2015-208958</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. FRAX and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(4):385-97. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0543-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. FRAX and the assessment of fracture probability in men and women from the UK. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(4):385-97. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0543-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Добровольская ОВ, Демин НВ, Торопцова НВ. Минеральная плотность костей предплечья как предиктор осевого остеопороза у женщин в постменопаузе, перенесших низкоэнергетические переломы. Фарматека. 2016;(s3):50-5 [Dobrovol'skaya OV, Demin NV, Toroptsova NV. Mineral density of the forearm bones as a predictor of axial osteoporosis in postmenopausal women who underwent low-energy fractures. Farmateka. 2016;(s3):50-5 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Добровольская ОВ, Демин НВ, Торопцова НВ. Минеральная плотность костей предплечья как предиктор осевого остеопороза у женщин в постменопаузе, перенесших низкоэнергетические переломы. Фарматека. 2016;(s3):50-5 [Dobrovol'skaya OV, Demin NV, Toroptsova NV. Mineral density of the forearm bones as a predictor of axial osteoporosis in postmenopausal women who underwent low-energy fractures. Farmateka. 2016;(s3):50-5 (In Russ.)].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
