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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2018-519-524</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2600</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКИЕ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Прогрессирующая мультифокальная лейкоэнцефалопатия как осложнение терапии ритуксимабом при ревматоидном артрите (описание случая)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY AS A COMPLICATION OF RITUXIMAB THERAPY FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS (A CASE REPORT)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Башкова</surname><given-names>И. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bashkova</surname><given-names>I. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">innabashkova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мадянов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Madyanov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шостак</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shostak</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопьева</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopyeva</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Чувашский государственный университет им. И.Н. Ульянова», Чебоксары<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.N. Ulyanov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">БУ «Республиканская клиническая больница» МЗ ЧР, Чебоксары<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Republican Clinical Hospital, Ministry of Health of the Chuvash Republic, Cheboksary<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский&#13;
университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России, Санкт-Петербург<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Saint Petersburg<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>09</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>519</fpage><lpage>524</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Башкова И.Б., Мадянов И.В., Шостак М.С., Прокопьева Т.В., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Башкова И.Б., Мадянов И.В., Шостак М.С., Прокопьева Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bashkova I.B., Madyanov I.V., Shostak M.S., Prokopyeva T.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2600">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2600</self-uri><abstract><p>При лечении ревматоидного артрита (РА) ритуксимабом (РТМ) возможны различные неблагоприятные реакции, среди которых особое место занимает прогрессирующая мультифокальная лейкоэнцефалопатия (ПМЛ). Заболевание обусловлено активацией оппортунистической вирусной (JC-вирус) инфекции на фоне ослабления клеточного иммунитета, что приводит к массивной демиелинизации структур головного мозга. В статье описан клинический случай применения РТМ у пациентки с РА с системными проявлениями. Это лечение было эффективно в течение двух лет, но после последнего (четвертого) курса инфузий наблюдалось развитие многоочагового поражения головного мозга, характерного для ПМЛ. Дифференциальная диагностика с другими заболеваниями, которые сопровождаются сходными изменениями головного мозга, позволила авторам рассматривать ПМЛ как наиболее вероятный диагноз у данной пациентки, несмотря на отрицательный результат определения в ликворе и крови ДНК JC-вируса. Выбранная лечебная тактика с учетом предполагаемой у пациентки ПМЛ (снижение дозы глюкокортикоидов, прием ингибитора обратного захвата серотонина, антидепрессанта миртазапина, лечебный плазмаферез) себя оправдала и обеспечила умеренную позитивную динамику.</p><p> </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>When rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is treated with rituximab (RTM), there may be various adverse events, among which progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) occupies a special place. The disease is caused by activation of opportunistic viral (JC-virus) infection in the presence of weakened cellular immunity, which leads to massive demyelination of brain structures. The paper describes a clinical case of using RTM in a female patient with RA with systemic manifestations. This treatment was effective during two years, but multifocal brain damage characteristic of PML developed after the last (fourth) cycle of infusions. Differential diagnosis with other diseases accompanied by similar brain changes allowed the authors to regard PML as the most likely diagnosis in this patient despite the negative result of determining JC virus DNA in blood and spinal fluid. The chosen therapy policy (a reduced dose of glucocorticoids, the use of a serotonin reuptake inhibitor, the antidepressant mirtazapine, and therapeutic plasmapheresis) with regard for presumed PML the patient has been proven to be effective and provided a modest positive trend. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>осложнения терапии генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами</kwd><kwd>прогрессирующая мультифокальная лейкоэнцефалопатия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd><kwd>biological therapy complications</kwd><kwd>progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты в лечении ревматоидного артрита. Москва: ИМА-ПРЕСС; 2013. 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