rspНаучно-практическая ревматологияRheumatology Science and Practice1995-44841995-4492IMA-PRESS, LLC10.14412/1995-4484-2019-222-228rsp-2709Research ArticleОБЗОРЫВлияние генно-инженерных биологических препаратов на углеводный обмен и риск развития сахарного диабетаInfluence of biologics on carbohydrate metabolism and risk of diabetesКондратьеваЛ. В.KondratievaL. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А

34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522

kondratyeva.liubov@yandex.ruПопковаТ. В.PopkovaT. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А

34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522

НасоновЕ. Л.NasonovE. L.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А;

119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

34A, Kashirskoe Shosse, Moscow, 115522;

8, Trubetskaya Str., Build. 2, Moscow, 119991

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of RheumatologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation201914052019572222228Copyright © Кондратьева Л.В., Попкова Т.В., Насонов Е.Л., 20192019Кондратьева Л.В., Попкова Т.В., Насонов Е.Л.Kondratieva L.V., Popkova T.V., Nasonov E.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2709

В статье проведен анализ литературы, посвященной влиянию генно-инженерных биологических препаратов разных групп (ингибиторов фактора некроза опухоли α, тоцилизумаба, абатацепта, ритуксимаба и ингибиторов интерлейкина 1) на продукцию инсулина поджелудочной железой, инсулинорезистентность и риск развития сахарного диабета 2-го типа у пациентов с ревматическими заболеваниями.

In the article the analysis of the literature on the impact of biologics of different groups (inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor α, tocilizumab, abatacept, rituximab and interleukin 1 inhibitors) on the production of insulin by the pancreas, insulin resistance and the risk of development of the 2nd type diabetes in patients with rheumatic diseases.

ревматоидный артритпсориатический артританкилозирующий спондилоартритинсулинорезистентностьсахарный диабетгенно-инженерные биологические препаратыrheumatoid arthritispsoriatic arthritisankylosing spondylitisinsulin resistancediabetes mellitusgenetically engineered biological preparationsReferencesНасонов ЕЛ, Каратеев ДЕ. Ревматоидный артрит. В кн.: Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Российские клинические рекомендации. Ревматология. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2017. С. 17-57.Nasonov EL, Karateev DE. Rheumatoid arthritis. In: Nasonov EL, editor. Rossiiskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Revmatologiya [Russian clinical recommendations. Rheumatology]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2017. P. 17-57 (In Russ.).Solomon DH, Massarotti E, Garg R, et al. Association between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and diabetes risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. JAMA. 2011;305:2525-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.878Solomon DH, Massarotti E, Garg R, et al. Association between disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and diabetes risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. JAMA. 2011;305:2525-31. doi: 10.1001/jama.2011.878Antohe J, Bili A, Sartorius JA, et al. Diabetes mellitus risk in rheumatoid arthritis: reduced incidence with anti-tumor necrosis factor αtherapy. Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64(2):215-21. doi: 10.1002/acr.20657Antohe J, Bili A, Sartorius JA, et al. Diabetes mellitus risk in rheumatoid arthritis: reduced incidence with anti-tumor necrosis factor αtherapy. Arthritis Care Res. 2012;64(2):215-21. doi: 10.1002/acr.20657Ozen G, Pedro S, Holmqvist ME, et al. Risk of diabetes mellitus associated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and statins in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:848-54. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209954Ozen G, Pedro S, Holmqvist ME, et al. Risk of diabetes mellitus associated with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and statins in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:848-54. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209954Gupta-Ganguli M, Cox K, Means B, et al. Does therapy with antiTNF-γimprove glucose tolerance and control in patients with type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Care. 2011;34:e121. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1334Gupta-Ganguli M, Cox K, Means B, et al. Does therapy with antiTNF-γimprove glucose tolerance and control in patients with type 2 diabetes? Diabetes Care. 2011;34:e121. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1334Da Silva BS, Bonfa E, de Moraes JC, et al. Effects of anti-TNF therapy on glucose metabolism in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Biologicals. 2010;38(5):567-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.05.003Da Silva BS, Bonfa E, de Moraes JC, et al. Effects of anti-TNF therapy on glucose metabolism in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Biologicals. 2010;38(5):567-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2010.05.003Wood PR, Manning E, Baker JF, et al. Blood glucose changes surrounding initiation of tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors and conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. World J Diabetes. 2018;9(2):53-8. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i2.53Wood PR, Manning E, Baker JF, et al. Blood glucose changes surrounding initiation of tumor-necrosis factor inhibitors and conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. World J Diabetes. 2018;9(2):53-8. doi: 10.4239/wjd.v9.i2.53Dominguez H, Storgaard H, Rask-Madsen C, et al. Metabolic and Vascular Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-αBlockade with Etanercept in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Vasc Res. 2005;42:517-25. doi: 10.1159/000088261Dominguez H, Storgaard H, Rask-Madsen C, et al. Metabolic and Vascular Effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor-αBlockade with Etanercept in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Vasc Res. 2005;42:517-25. doi: 10.1159/000088261Paquot N, Castillo MJ, Lefebvre PJ, Scheen AJ. No increased insulin sensitivity after a single intravenous administration of a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein in obese insulin-resistant patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:1316-9. doi: 10.1210/jcem.85.3.6417Paquot N, Castillo MJ, Lefebvre PJ, Scheen AJ. No increased insulin sensitivity after a single intravenous administration of a recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor: Fc fusion protein in obese insulin-resistant patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:1316-9. doi: 10.1210/jcem.85.3.6417Di Rocco P, Manco M, Rosa G, et al. Lowered tumor necrosis factor receptors, but not increased insulin sensitivity, with infliximab. Obes Res. 2004;12:734-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.86Di Rocco P, Manco M, Rosa G, et al. Lowered tumor necrosis factor receptors, but not increased insulin sensitivity, with infliximab. Obes Res. 2004;12:734-9. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.86Miranda-Filloy JA, Llorca J, Carnero-Lopez B, et al. TNF-alpha antagonist therapy improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic ankylosing spondylitis patients. Clin Exper Rheumatol. 2012;30:850-5.Miranda-Filloy JA, Llorca J, Carnero-Lopez B, et al. TNF-alpha antagonist therapy improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic ankylosing spondylitis patients. Clin Exper Rheumatol. 2012;30:850-5.Gonzalez-Gay MA, De Matias J M, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade improves insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24:83-6.Gonzalez-Gay MA, De Matias J M, Gonzalez-Juanatey C, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade improves insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006;24:83-6.Tam LS, Tomlinson B, Chu TT, et al. Impact of TNF inhibition on insulin resistance and lipids levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(9):1495-8. doi: 10.1007/s10067-007-0539-8Tam LS, Tomlinson B, Chu TT, et al. Impact of TNF inhibition on insulin resistance and lipids levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26(9):1495-8. doi: 10.1007/s10067-007-0539-8Oguz FM, Oguz A, Uzunlulu M. The effect of infliximab treatment on insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Clin Belg. 2007;62(4):218-22. doi: 10.1179/acb.2007.035Oguz FM, Oguz A, Uzunlulu M. The effect of infliximab treatment on insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Clin Belg. 2007;62(4):218-22. doi: 10.1179/acb.2007.035Seriolo B, Ferrone C, Cutolo M. Longterm anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis: relationship between insulin resistance and disease activity. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(2):355-7.Seriolo B, Ferrone C, Cutolo M. Longterm anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis: relationship between insulin resistance and disease activity. J Rheumatol. 2008;35(2):355-7.Bissell LA, Hensor EM, Kozera L, et al. Improvement in insulin resistance is greater when infliximab is added to methotrexate during intensive treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis – results from the IDEA study. Rheumatology. 2016;55(12):2181-90. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew306Bissell LA, Hensor EM, Kozera L, et al. Improvement in insulin resistance is greater when infliximab is added to methotrexate during intensive treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis – results from the IDEA study. Rheumatology. 2016;55(12):2181-90. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew306Chen DY, Chen YM, Hsieh TY, et al. Significant effects of biologic therapy on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:52. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0559-8Chen DY, Chen YM, Hsieh TY, et al. Significant effects of biologic therapy on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:52. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0559-8Nam JL, Villeneuve E, Hensor EM, et al. Remission induction comparing infliximab and high-dose intravenous steroid, followed by treat-to-target: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial in new-onset, treatment-naive, rheumatoid arthritis (the IDEA study). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):75-85. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203440Nam JL, Villeneuve E, Hensor EM, et al. Remission induction comparing infliximab and high-dose intravenous steroid, followed by treat-to-target: a double-blind, randomised, controlled trial in new-onset, treatment-naive, rheumatoid arthritis (the IDEA study). Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):75-85. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203440Rosenvinge A, Krogh-Madsen R, Baslund B, Pedersen BK. Insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of anti-TNFa therapy. Scand J Rheumatol. 2007;36(2):91-6. doi: 10.1080/03009740601179605Rosenvinge A, Krogh-Madsen R, Baslund B, Pedersen BK. Insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of anti-TNFa therapy. Scand J Rheumatol. 2007;36(2):91-6. doi: 10.1080/03009740601179605Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Metsios GS, Panoulas VF, et al. Antitumour necrosis factor alpha therapy improves insulin sensitivity in normal-weight but not in obese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(4):R160. doi: 10.1186/ar3900Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Metsios GS, Panoulas VF, et al. Antitumour necrosis factor alpha therapy improves insulin sensitivity in normal-weight but not in obese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(4):R160. doi: 10.1186/ar3900Kiortsis DN, Mavridis AK, Vasakos S, et al. Effects of infliximab treatment on insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(5):765-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2004.026534Kiortsis DN, Mavridis AK, Vasakos S, et al. Effects of infliximab treatment on insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(5):765-6. doi: 10.1136/ard.2004.026534Stagakis I, Bertsias G, Karvounaris S, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy improves insulin resistance, beta cell function and insulin signaling in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with high insulin resistance. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(3):R141. doi: 10.1186/ar3874Stagakis I, Bertsias G, Karvounaris S, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy improves insulin resistance, beta cell function and insulin signaling in active rheumatoid arthritis patients with high insulin resistance. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(3):R141. doi: 10.1186/ar3874Ferraz-Amaro I, Arce-Franco M, Muniz J, et al. Systemic blockade of TNF-αdoes not improve insulin resistance in humans. Horm Metab Res. 2011;43(11):801-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1287783Ferraz-Amaro I, Arce-Franco M, Muniz J, et al. Systemic blockade of TNF-αdoes not improve insulin resistance in humans. Horm Metab Res. 2011;43(11):801-8. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1287783Pina T, Armesto S, Lopez-Mejias R, et al. Anti-TNF-αtherapy improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic patients with psoriasis: a 6-month prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(7):1325-30. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12814Pina T, Armesto S, Lopez-Mejias R, et al. Anti-TNF-αtherapy improves insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic patients with psoriasis: a 6-month prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015;29(7):1325-30. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12814Marra M, Campanati A, Testa R, et al. Effect of etanercept on insulin sensitivity in nine patients with psoriasis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2007;20(4):731-6. doi: 10.1177/039463200702000408Marra M, Campanati A, Testa R, et al. Effect of etanercept on insulin sensitivity in nine patients with psoriasis. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2007;20(4):731-6. doi: 10.1177/039463200702000408Martinez-Abundis E, Reynoso-von Drateln C, Hernandez-Salazar E, Gonzalez-Ortiz M. Effect of etanercept on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in a randomized trial with psoriatic patients at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Dermatol Res. 2007 Nov;299(9):461-5. doi: 10.1007/s00403-007-0784-3Martinez-Abundis E, Reynoso-von Drateln C, Hernandez-Salazar E, Gonzalez-Ortiz M. Effect of etanercept on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in a randomized trial with psoriatic patients at risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Arch Dermatol Res. 2007 Nov;299(9):461-5. doi: 10.1007/s00403-007-0784-3Koutroubakis IE, Oustamanolakis P, Malliaraki N, et al. Effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition with infliximab on lipid levels and insulin resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(3):283-8. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e328325d42bKoutroubakis IE, Oustamanolakis P, Malliaraki N, et al. Effects of tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibition with infliximab on lipid levels and insulin resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(3):283-8. doi: 10.1097/MEG.0b013e328325d42bOrban T, Bundy B, Becker DJ, et al. Co-stimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9789):412-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60886-6Orban T, Bundy B, Becker DJ, et al. Co-stimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;378(9789):412-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60886-6Orban T, Bundy B, Becker DJ, et al. Costimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: follow-up 1 year after cessation of treatment. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(4):1069-75. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0604Orban T, Bundy B, Becker DJ, et al. Costimulation modulation with abatacept in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes: follow-up 1 year after cessation of treatment. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(4):1069-75. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0604Orban T, Beam CA, Xu P, et al. Reduction in CD4 central memory T-cell subset in costimulation modulator abatacept-treated patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes is associated with slower C-peptide decline. Diabetes. 2014;63(10):3449-57. doi: 10.2337/db14-0047Orban T, Beam CA, Xu P, et al. Reduction in CD4 central memory T-cell subset in costimulation modulator abatacept-treated patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes is associated with slower C-peptide decline. Diabetes. 2014;63(10):3449-57. doi: 10.2337/db14-0047Fujii M, Inoguchi T, Batchuluun B, et al. CTLA-4Ig immunotherapy of obesity-induced insulin resistance by manipulation of macrophage polarization in adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;438(1):103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.034Fujii M, Inoguchi T, Batchuluun B, et al. CTLA-4Ig immunotherapy of obesity-induced insulin resistance by manipulation of macrophage polarization in adipose tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;438(1):103-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.07.034Ursini F, Russo E, Letizia Hribal M, et al. Abatacept improves whole-body insulin sensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(21):e888. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000888Ursini F, Russo E, Letizia Hribal M, et al. Abatacept improves whole-body insulin sensitivity in rheumatoid arthritis: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(21):e888. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000000888Ogata A, Morishima A, Hirano T, et al. Improvement of HbA1c during treatment with humanised anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(6):1164-5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.132845Ogata A, Morishima A, Hirano T, et al. Improvement of HbA1c during treatment with humanised anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(6):1164-5. doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.132845Otsuka Y, Kiyohara C, Kashiwado Y,et al. Effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and tocilizumab on the glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; an observational study. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0196368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196368Otsuka Y, Kiyohara C, Kashiwado Y,et al. Effects of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors and tocilizumab on the glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; an observational study. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0196368. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196368Schultz O, Oberhauser F, Saech J, et al. Effects of inhibition of interleukin-6 signalling on insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein (a) levels in human subjects with rheumatoid diseases. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e14328. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014328Schultz O, Oberhauser F, Saech J, et al. Effects of inhibition of interleukin-6 signalling on insulin sensitivity and lipoprotein (a) levels in human subjects with rheumatoid diseases. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e14328. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014328Mirjafari H, Wang J, Klearman M, et al. Insulin resistance is improved by tocilizumab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the TOWARD study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(Suppl 3):A414-5. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1259 [Abstracts book].Mirjafari H, Wang J, Klearman M, et al. Insulin resistance is improved by tocilizumab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the TOWARD study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(Suppl 3):A414-5. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.1259 [Abstracts book].Makrilakis K, Fragiadaki K, Smith J, et al. Interrelated reduction of chemerin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis after interleukin-6 receptor blockade. Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Mar;34(3):419-27. doi: 10.1007/s10067-014-2704-1Makrilakis K, Fragiadaki K, Smith J, et al. Interrelated reduction of chemerin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis after interleukin-6 receptor blockade. Clin Rheumatol. 2015 Mar;34(3):419-27. doi: 10.1007/s10067-014-2704-1Tournadre A, Pereira B, Dutheil, et al. Changes in body composition and metabolic profile during interleukin 6 inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(4):639-46. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12189Tournadre A, Pereira B, Dutheil, et al. Changes in body composition and metabolic profile during interleukin 6 inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(4):639-46. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12189Pescovitz MD, Greenbaum CJ, Bundy B, et al. B-lymphocyte depletion with rituximab and β-cell function: two-year results. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(2):453-9. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0626Pescovitz MD, Greenbaum CJ, Bundy B, et al. B-lymphocyte depletion with rituximab and β-cell function: two-year results. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(2):453-9. doi: 10.2337/dc13-0626Iseri K, Iyoda M, Shikida Y, et al. Rituximab for the treatment of type B insulin resistance syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Diabet Med. 2017;34(12):1788-91. doi: 10.1111/dme.13524Iseri K, Iyoda M, Shikida Y, et al. Rituximab for the treatment of type B insulin resistance syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. Diabet Med. 2017;34(12):1788-91. doi: 10.1111/dme.13524Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Lange M, Cochran E, et al. Combined Immunosuppressive Therapy Induces Remission in Patients With Severe Type B Insulin Resistance: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(11):2353-60. doi: 10.2337/dc18-0884Klubo-Gwiezdzinska J, Lange M, Cochran E, et al. Combined Immunosuppressive Therapy Induces Remission in Patients With Severe Type B Insulin Resistance: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2018;41(11):2353-60. doi: 10.2337/dc18-0884Everett BM, Donath MY, Pradhan AD, et al. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy With Canakinumab for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(21):2392-401. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.002Everett BM, Donath MY, Pradhan AD, et al. Anti-Inflammatory Therapy With Canakinumab for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;71(21):2392-401. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.002Ridker PM, Howard CP, Walter V, et al. Effects of interleukin-1β inhibition with canakinumab on hemoglobin A1c, lipids, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen: a phase IIb randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation. 2012;126(23):2739-48. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.122556Ridker PM, Howard CP, Walter V, et al. Effects of interleukin-1β inhibition with canakinumab on hemoglobin A1c, lipids, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and fibrinogen: a phase IIb randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation. 2012;126(23):2739-48. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.122556Larsen CM, Faulenbach M, Vaag A, et al. Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1517-26. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa065213Larsen CM, Faulenbach M, Vaag A, et al. Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:1517-26. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa065213Larsen CM, Faulenbach M, Vaag A, et al. Sustained effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(9):1663-8. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0533Larsen CM, Faulenbach M, Vaag A, et al. Sustained effects of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist treatment in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(9):1663-8. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0533Van Poppel PC, van Asseldonk EJ, Holst JJ, et al. The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra improves first-phase insulin secretion and insulinogenic index in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(12):1269-73. doi: 10.1111/dom.12357Van Poppel PC, van Asseldonk EJ, Holst JJ, et al. The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra improves first-phase insulin secretion and insulinogenic index in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2014;16(12):1269-73. doi: 10.1111/dom.12357Moran A, Bundy B, Becker DJ, et al. Interleukin-1 antagonism in type 1 diabetes of recent onset: two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. 2013;381(9881):1905-15. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60023-9Moran A, Bundy B, Becker DJ, et al. Interleukin-1 antagonism in type 1 diabetes of recent onset: two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet. 2013;381(9881):1905-15. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60023-9Rissanen A, Howard CP, Botha J, Thuren T; Global Investigators. Effect of anti-IL-1βantibody (canakinumab) on insulin secretion rates in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14(12):1088-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01637.xRissanen A, Howard CP, Botha J, Thuren T; Global Investigators. Effect of anti-IL-1βantibody (canakinumab) on insulin secretion rates in impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012;14(12):1088-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2012.01637.xVan Asseldonk EJ, van Poppel PC, Ballak DB, et al. One week treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra leads to a sustained improvement in insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Immunol. 2015;160(2):155-62. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.06.003Van Asseldonk EJ, van Poppel PC, Ballak DB, et al. One week treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra leads to a sustained improvement in insulin sensitivity in insulin resistant patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Immunol. 2015;160(2):155-62. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.06.003

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.