<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2020-395-400</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2927</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Оценка краткосрочной динамики общего числа В-лимфоцитов на фоне лечения ритуксимабом больных системной склеродермией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Short-term absolute B-cell counts monitoring in systemic sclerosis patients treated with rituximab</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-6426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьева</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananieva</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34А</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A, Moscow, 115522</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lpana@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5012-0540</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гарзанова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Garzanova</surname><given-names>L. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0283-9681</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Десинова</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Desinova</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3650-7658</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Конева</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Koneva</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1004-9647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Старовойтова</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Starovoytova</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2667-4284</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсянникова</surname><given-names>О. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ovsyannikova</surname><given-names>O. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-0896</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексанкин</surname><given-names>А. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksankn</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-705X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глухова</surname><given-names>С. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glukhova</surname><given-names>S. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"/><bio xml:lang="en"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>VA Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>09</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>58</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>395</fpage><lpage>400</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ананьева Л.П., Гарзанова Л.А., Десинова О.В., Конева О.А., Старовойтова М.Н., Овсянникова О.Б., Алексанкин А.П., Глухова С.И., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ананьева Л.П., Гарзанова Л.А., Десинова О.В., Конева О.А., Старовойтова М.Н., Овсянникова О.Б., Алексанкин А.П., Глухова С.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ananieva L.P., Garzanova L.A., Desinova O.V., Koneva O.A., Starovoytova M.N., Ovsyannikova O.B., Aleksankn A.P., Glukhova S.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2927">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2927</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – изучить общее количества В-лимфоцитов в циркуляции у больных ССД до и через год после инициации терапии РТМ.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование был включен 71 пациент. Средняя длительность наблюдения составила 13,2±2,0 мес (11–18 мес). Средняя кумулятивная доза РТМ за период наблюдения – 1,43±0,60 г, при этом 48 пациентов получили &lt;2 г РТМ (группа 1, средняя доза 1,1±0,1 г) и 23 пациента ≥2 г РТМ (группа 2, средняя доза 2,2±0,6 г). Количество CD19+ лимфоцитов определялось в периферической крови методом проточной цитофлуорометрии у больных и у 20 практически здоровых людей, сравнимых по полу и возрасту. У больных определение числа В-клеток проводилось до, в течение первого месяца после первого введения РТМ, через 6 мес и в конце исследования.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Абсолютное и процентное содержание В-лимфоцитов в периферической крови больных ССД при исходном обследовании не отличалось от соответствующих показателей здорового контроля. Отмечена обратная корреляция между исходным количеством В-лимфоцитов и длительностью болезни для абсолютных значений (R – 0,36, р=0,003) и для процентных значений (R – 0,48, р=0,001). Исходное число этих клеток было достоверно ниже у получавших циклофосфамид (ЦФ). Выявлена негативная корреляция между исходным абсолютным количеством В-клеток и суммарной дозой ЦФ (R – 0,293, р=0,016). Через месяц после введения РТМ наблюдалась полная деплеция В-клеток в периферической крови. Через полгода она сохранялась в 79% случаев, однако у части больных началось восстановление популяции В-клеток. Через год от начала терапии РТМ число В-клеток было значимо ниже, чем до лечения. В большинстве случаев сохранялась полная или частичная деплеция В-лимфоцитов, и только у 10% их содержание нормализовалось. Между абсолютным количеством В-лимфоцитов и кумулятивной дозой РТМ выявлена обратная корреляция (R=-0,237, p=0,048).</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Более высокие дозы РТМ обеспечивали более существенную деплецию В-лимфоцитов и лучшую динамику легочных функций. Подходы к выбору оптимальной дозы РТМ при ССД требуют дальнейшего изучения. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To evaluate B-cell counts in circulation of SS patients prior to initiation and one year after completion of RTM therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Subjects and methods</title><p>Subjects and methods. The study included 71 patients. Median follow up was 13,2±2,0 months (11-18 Mo.). Average cumulative RTM dose during the follow up period was 1,43±0,60 g, with 48 patients receiving &lt; 2 g RTM (Group 1, mean dose 1,1±0,1 g) and 23 patients receiving ≥ 2 g RTM (Group 2, mean dose 2,2±0,6 g). CD19+ lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood were determined using flow cytometry in PSS patients and 20 healthy volunteers matched by sex and age. In SS patients B-cell counts were obtained before initiating RTM, within first month after first administration, then after 6 months and at the end of this study.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Baseline absolute and proportional В-lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood was almost similar in SS patients and healthy subjects. Highest counts were observed in SS patients with &lt;3 years disease duration, showing inverse correlation between baseline absolute (R – 0,36, р=0,003) and proportional (R – 0,48, р=0,001) B cell counts and duration of the disease. Complete B-cell depletion from peripheral circulation was documented one month after RTM administration. It persisted in 79% 6 months later, although initiation of B- cell repopulation was documented in some patients. In one year after RTM initiation В-cell counts were significantly lower than at baseline. Complete or partial depletion was still there in the majority of patients with normal counts achieved only in 10% of SS patients. Inverse correlation was found between absolute B-cell count and cumulative RTM dose (R=-0,237, p=0,048).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. Higher RTM doses resulted in more pronounced В-lymphocytes depletion and more evident improvement of lung function. Current state of practice requires further research to identify most optimal regimens in the context of personalized therapy for SS and other immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системная склеродермия</kwd><kwd>анти-В-клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic scleroderma</kwd><kwd>anti-В-cell therapy</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Denton CP, Khanna D. Systemic sclerosis. Lancet. 2017;390(10103):1685-1699. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30933-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Denton CP, Khanna D. Systemic sclerosis. Lancet. 2017;390(10103):1685-1699. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30933-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Анти-В-клеточная терапия в ревматологии: фокус на ритуксимаб. Москва: ИМА-ПРЕСС 2012, 464 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL, editor.Anti-B-kletochnaya terapiya v revmatologii: focus na rituksimab [Anti-B-cell therapy in rheumatology: focus on rituximab]. Moscow: IMA-PRESS;2012, 464 с. (In Russ).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forestier A, Guerrier T, Jouvray M, et al. Altered B lymphocyte homeostasis and functions in systemic sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(3):244-255. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forestier A, Guerrier T, Jouvray M, et al. Altered B lymphocyte homeostasis and functions in systemic sclerosis. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(3):244-255. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sato S, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Tedder TF, Takehara K. Quantitative genetic variation in CD19 expression correlates with autoimmunity. J Immunol. 2000;165(11):6635-6643. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6635</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sato S, Hasegawa M, Fujimoto M, Tedder TF, Takehara K. Quantitative genetic variation in CD19 expression correlates with autoimmunity. J Immunol. 2000;165(11):6635-6643. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6635</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujimoto М, Sato S. B lymphocytes and systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17(6):746-51. doi: 10.1097/01.bor.0000179945.73518.28</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujimoto М, Sato S. B lymphocytes and systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2005;17(6):746-51. doi: 10.1097/01.bor.0000179945.73518.28</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sato S, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa M, Takehara K. Altered blood B lymphocyte homeostasis in systemic sclerosis: expanded naive B cells and diminished but activated memory B cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(6):1918-1927. doi:10.1002/art.20274</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sato S, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa M, Takehara K. Altered blood B lymphocyte homeostasis in systemic sclerosis: expanded naive B cells and diminished but activated memory B cells. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(6):1918-1927. doi:10.1002/art.20274</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mavropoulos A, Simopoulou T, Varna A, et al. Breg cells are numerically decreased and functionally impaired in patients with systemic sclerosis. Mavropoulos A, Simopoulou T, Varna A, et al. Breg Cells Are Numerically Decreased and Functionally Impaired in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(2):494-504. doi:10.1002/art.39437</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mavropoulos A, Simopoulou T, Varna A, et al. Breg cells are numerically decreased and functionally impaired in patients with systemic sclerosis. Mavropoulos A, Simopoulou T, Varna A, et al. Breg Cells Are Numerically Decreased and Functionally Impaired in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68(2):494-504. doi:10.1002/art.39437</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yoshizaki A. Pathogenic roles of B lymphocytes in systemic sclerosis. Immunology Letters 2018, 195:76-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yoshizaki A. Pathogenic roles of B lymphocytes in systemic sclerosis. Immunology Letters 2018, 195:76-82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imlet.2018.01.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanges S, Guerrier T, Launay D, et al. Role of B cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Rev Med Interne. 2017; 38(2):113-124. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.02.016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanges S, Guerrier T, Launay D, et al. Role of B cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Rev Med Interne. 2017; 38(2):113-124. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2016.02.016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sakkas LI, Bogdanos DP. Systemic sclerosis: new evidence re-enforces the role of B cells. Autoimmun Rev. 2016; 15(2):155-61. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sakkas LI, Bogdanos DP. Systemic sclerosis: new evidence re-enforces the role of B cells. Autoimmun Rev. 2016; 15(2):155-61. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pillai S. T and B lymphocytes in fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2019; 31(6):576-581. doi:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000644</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pillai S. T and B lymphocytes in fibrosis and systemic sclerosis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2019; 31(6):576-581. doi:10.1097/BOR.0000000000000644</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Faurschou M, Jayne DR. Anti-B cell antibody therapies for inflamematory rheumatic diseases. Annu Rev Med. 2014; 65:263–78. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-070912-133235</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Faurschou M, Jayne DR. Anti-B cell antibody therapies for inflamematory rheumatic diseases. Annu Rev Med. 2014; 65:263–78. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-070912-133235</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Tsamandas AC, et al. Effect of long-term treatment with rituximab on pulmonary function and skin fibrosis in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30 (2 suppl 71): S17–S22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Tsamandas AC, et al. Effect of long-term treatment with rituximab on pulmonary function and skin fibrosis in patients with diffuse systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30 (2 suppl 71): S17–S22.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith V, Piette Y, van Praet JT, et al. Two-year results of an open pilot study of a 2-treatment course with rituximab in patients with early systemic sclerosis with diffuse skin involvement. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(1):52–57. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120778</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith V, Piette Y, van Praet JT, et al. Two-year results of an open pilot study of a 2-treatment course with rituximab in patients with early systemic sclerosis with diffuse skin involvement. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(1):52–57. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.120778</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jordan S, Distler JH, Maurer B, et al. EUSTAR Rituximab study group. Effects and safety of rituximab in systemic sclerosis: an analysis from the European Scleroderma Trial and Research (EUSTAR) group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74(6): 1188–94. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204522</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jordan S, Distler JH, Maurer B, et al. EUSTAR Rituximab study group. Effects and safety of rituximab in systemic sclerosis: an analysis from the European Scleroderma Trial and Research (EUSTAR) group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015; 74(6): 1188–94. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204522</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gambichler T, Tigges C, Burkert B, Höxtermann S, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A. Absolute count of T and B lymphocyte subsets is decreased in systemic sclerosis. Eur J Med Res. 2010;15(1):44-46. doi:10.1186/2047-783x-15-1-44</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gambichler T, Tigges C, Burkert B, Höxtermann S, Altmeyer P, Kreuter A. Absolute count of T and B lymphocyte subsets is decreased in systemic sclerosis. Eur J Med Res. 2010;15(1):44-46. doi:10.1186/2047-783x-15-1-44</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, et al. 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American college of rheumatology/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72(11): 1747-1755. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204424</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van den Hoogen F, Khanna D, Fransen J, et al. 2013 classification criteria for systemic sclerosis: an American college of rheumatology/European league against rheumatism collaborative initiative. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 72(11): 1747-1755. doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204424</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Valentini G, Della Rossa A, Bombardieri S, et al. European multicentre study to define disease activity criteria for systemic sclerosis. II. Identification of disease activity variables and development of preliminary activity indexes. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(6):592- 598. doi:10.1136/ard.60.6.592</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valentini G, Della Rossa A, Bombardieri S, et al. European multicentre study to define disease activity criteria for systemic sclerosis. II. Identification of disease activity variables and development of preliminary activity indexes. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60(6):592- 598. doi:10.1136/ard.60.6.592</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Behr J, Furst DE. Pulmonary function tests. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008;47(Suppl. 5):65-67. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken313</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Behr J, Furst DE. Pulmonary function tests. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008;47(Suppl. 5):65-67. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken313</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dass S, Rawstron AC, Vital EM, Henshaw K, McGonagle D, Emery P. Highly sensitive B cell analysis predicts response to rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(10):2993-2999. doi:10.1002/art.23902</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dass S, Rawstron AC, Vital EM, Henshaw K, McGonagle D, Emery P. Highly sensitive B cell analysis predicts response to rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(10):2993-2999. doi:10.1002/art.23902</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ананьева ЛП, Конева ОА, Десинова ОВ и соавт. Влияние ритуксимаба на проявления активности и легочную функцию у больных системной склеродермией: оценка после года наблюдения. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2019; 57(3): 265-273. https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2019-265-273</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ananyeva LP, Koneva OA, Desinova OV, et al. Effect of rituximab on the manifestations of activity and pulmonary function in patients with systemic sclerosis: one-year follow-up evaluation. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya= Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2019;57(3):265-273. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2019-265-273</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hasegawa M, Hamaguchi Y, Yanaba K, et al. B-lymphocyte depletion reduces skin fibrosis and autoimmunity in the tight-skin mouse model for systemic sclerosis. Am J Pathol. 2006;169(3):954-66. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060205</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hasegawa M, Hamaguchi Y, Yanaba K, et al. B-lymphocyte depletion reduces skin fibrosis and autoimmunity in the tight-skin mouse model for systemic sclerosis. Am J Pathol. 2006;169(3):954-66. doi: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.060205</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsushita T, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa M, et al. BAFF antagonist attenuates the development of skin fibrosis in tight-skin mice. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127(12):2772-80. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700919</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsushita T, Fujimoto M, Hasegawa M, et al. BAFF antagonist attenuates the development of skin fibrosis in tight-skin mice. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127(12):2772-80. doi: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700919</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dumoitier N, Chaigne B, Alexis Regent A, et al. Scleroderma Peripheral B Lymphocytes Secrete Interleukin-6 and Transforming Growth Factorband Activate Fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 2017; 69 (5): 1078–1089. doi: 10.1002/art.40016</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dumoitier N, Chaigne B, Alexis Regent A, et al. Scleroderma Peripheral B Lymphocytes Secrete Interleukin-6 and Transforming Growth Factorband Activate Fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum 2017; 69 (5): 1078–1089. doi: 10.1002/art.40016</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lafyatis R, Kissin E, York M, et al. B cell depletion with rituximab in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(2):578-583. doi:10.1002/art.24249</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lafyatis R, Kissin E, York M, et al. B cell depletion with rituximab in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(2):578-583. doi:10.1002/art.24249</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boonstra M, Meijs J, Dorjée Al, et al. Rituximab in early systemic sclerosis. RMD Open 2017;3:e000384. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000384</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boonstra M, Meijs J, Dorjée Al, et al. Rituximab in early systemic sclerosis. RMD Open 2017;3:e000384. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000384</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosello SL, De Luca G, Rucco M, et al. Long-term efficacy of B cell depletion therapy on lung and skin involvement in diffuse systemic sclerosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2015;44(4): 428–436. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.09.002.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosello SL, De Luca G, Rucco M, et al. Long-term efficacy of B cell depletion therapy on lung and skin involvement in diffuse systemic sclerosis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2015;44(4): 428–436. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.09.002.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Daoussis D, Melissaropoulos K, Sakellaropoulos G, et al. A multicenter, open-label, comparative study of B-cell depletion therapy with Rituximab for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017; 46(5): 625–631. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.10.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Daoussis D, Melissaropoulos K, Sakellaropoulos G, et al. A multicenter, open-label, comparative study of B-cell depletion therapy with Rituximab for systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017; 46(5): 625–631. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.10.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Melsens K., Vandecasteele E, Deschepper E, et al. Two years follow-up of an open-label pilot study of treatment with rituximab in patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Acta Clin Belg. 2018;73(2):119-125. doi: 10.1080/17843286.2017.1372244</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Melsens K., Vandecasteele E, Deschepper E, et al. Two years follow-up of an open-label pilot study of treatment with rituximab in patients with early diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Acta Clin Belg. 2018;73(2):119-125. doi: 10.1080/17843286.2017.1372244</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gumkowska-Sroka O, Jagoda K, Owczarek A, et al. PJ. Cytometric Characterization of Main Immunocompetent Cells in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Relationship with Disease Activity and Type of Immunosuppressive Treatment. J Clin Med. 2019;8(5):625. doi:10.3390/jcm8050625</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gumkowska-Sroka O, Jagoda K, Owczarek A, et al. PJ. Cytometric Characterization of Main Immunocompetent Cells in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis: Relationship with Disease Activity and Type of Immunosuppressive Treatment. J Clin Med. 2019;8(5):625. doi:10.3390/jcm8050625</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dass S, Rawston AS, Vital EM, et al. High sensitivity B cell analysis predicts response to rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(10):2993-9. doi: 10.1002/art.23902</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dass S, Rawston AS, Vital EM, et al. High sensitivity B cell analysis predicts response to rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(10):2993-9. doi: 10.1002/art.23902</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vital EM, Rawstron AC, Dass S, et al. Reduced dose rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: efficacydepends on degree of B-cells depletion. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(3):603-8. doi: 10.1002/art.30152</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vital EM, Rawstron AC, Dass S, et al. Reduced dose rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis: efficacydepends on degree of B-cells depletion. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63(3):603-8. doi: 10.1002/art.30152</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vital EM, Dass S, Rawstron AC, et al. Management of nonresponce to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Predictors and outcome of re-treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(5):1273-9. doi: 10.1002/art.27359</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vital EM, Dass S, Rawstron AC, et al. Management of nonresponce to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis. Predictors and outcome of re-treatment. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(5):1273-9. doi: 10.1002/art.27359</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mease PJ, Cohen S, Gaylis NB, et al. Efficacy and safety of retreatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with previous inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: results from the SINRISE trail. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(5):917-27. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.090442.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mease PJ, Cohen S, Gaylis NB, et al. Efficacy and safety of retreatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis with previous inadequate response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: results from the SINRISE trail. J Rheumatol. 2010;37(5):917-27. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.090442.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bosello S, De Santis M, Lama G, et al. B cell depletion in diffuse progressive systemic sclerosis: safety, skin score modification and IL-6 modulation in an up to thirty-six months follow-up open-label trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: R54. doi: 10.1186/ar2965</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bosello S, De Santis M, Lama G, et al. B cell depletion in diffuse progressive systemic sclerosis: safety, skin score modification and IL-6 modulation in an up to thirty-six months follow-up open-label trial. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12: R54. doi: 10.1186/ar2965</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reddy V, Leandro M. Variability in clinical and biological response to rituximab in autoimmune disease: an opportunity for personalized therapy? Int J Clin Rheumatol. 2014; 9(3):279-93. doi: 10.2217/ijr.14.18</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reddy V, Leandro M. Variability in clinical and biological response to rituximab in autoimmune disease: an opportunity for personalized therapy? Int J Clin Rheumatol. 2014; 9(3):279-93. doi: 10.2217/ijr.14.18</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Бекетова ТВ, Ананьева ЛП и др. Перспективы анти-В-клеточной терапии при иммуно-воспалительных ревматических заболеваниях. Научно-практическая ревматология. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2019;57 (Прил. 1):3–40. doi:10.14412/1995-4484-2019-3-40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL, Beketova TV, Ananyeva LP, et al. Prospects for anti-B-cell therapy in immune-inflammatory rheumatic diseses. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya= Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2019; 57:1-40. (In Russ.). doi:10.14412/1995-4484-2019-3-40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
