rspНаучно-практическая ревматологияRheumatology Science and Practice1995-44841995-4492IMA-PRESS, LLC10.47360/1995-4484-2020-512-519rsp-2954Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL RESEARCHОценка сердечно-сосудистого риска у пациентов с микрокристаллическими артритами и ревматоидным артритом с помощью шкал ATP III и Reynolds Risk ScoreAssessment of cardiovascular risk in patients with crystal-induced arthritides and rheumatoid arthritis by the ATP III and Reynolds Risk Scorehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1191-5831ЕлисеевМ. С.EliseevM. S.

Елисеев Максим Сергеевич

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а

Maxim S. Eliseev

Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A. Moscow, 115522

elicmax@rambler.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3667-722XНовиковаА. М.NovikovaA. M.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а

Aleksandra M. Novikova

Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A. Moscow, 115522

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5394-7869ЖелябинаО. В.ZhelyabinaO. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а

Olga V. Zhelyabina

Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A. Moscow, 115522

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-561XГерасимоваЕ. В.GerasimovaE. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а

Elena V. Gerasimova

Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A. Moscow, 115522

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6354-7244ИльиныхЕ. В.IlyinykhE. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а

Ekaterina V. Ilyinykh

Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A. Moscow, 115522

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-4689ПопковаТ. В.PopkovaT. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а

Tatiana V. Popkova

Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A. Moscow, 115522

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5290-156XПаневинТ. С.PanevinT. S.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а119019, Москва, Колымажный пер., д. 7, стр. 4

Taras S. Panevin

Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A. Moscow, 1155227, Kolymazhnyi Lane, Build. 4, Moscow 119019 

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-8360НасоновЕ. Л.NasonovE. L.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, д. 34а2119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2

Evgenii L. Nasonov

Kashirskoe Shosse, 34A. Moscow, 1155228, Trubetskaya St., Build. 2, Moscow 119991 

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»РоссияVA Nasonova Research Institute of RheumatologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГКУ «Консультативно-диагностический центр Генерального штаба Вооруженных сил Российской Федерации»РоссияVA Nasonova Research Institute of RheumatologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияVA Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of RussiaRussian Federation202009112020585512519Copyright © Елисеев М.С., Новикова А.М., Желябина О.В., Герасимова Е.В., Ильиных Е.В., Попкова Т.В., Паневин Т.С., Насонов Е.Л., 20202020Елисеев М.С., Новикова А.М., Желябина О.В., Герасимова Е.В., Ильиных Е.В., Попкова Т.В., Паневин Т.С., Насонов Е.Л.Eliseev M.S., Novikova A.M., Zhelyabina O.V., Gerasimova E.V., Ilyinykh E.V., Popkova T.V., Panevin T.S., Nasonov E.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2954

Сердечно-сосудистый риск у пациентов с болезнью депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция не изучен, а оптимальный метод для его оценки пока не установлен.

Цель

Цель. Оценка сердечно-сосудистого риска и сопоставление результатов его определения при использовании шкал Adult Treatment Panel III (АТР III) и Reynolds Risk Score у пациентов с болезнью депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция, подагрой, ревматоидным артритом и в группе контроля.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Одномоментное одноцентровое исследование выполнено методом «случай–контроль». Основная группа – 42 пациента с болезнью депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция, группы сравнения – по 42 пациента с подагрой и ревматоидным артритом, группа контроля – 42 здоровых добровольца. Обследование включало измерение антропометрических показателей, артериального давления, сывороточного уровня глюкозы, креатинина, холестерина, в том числе липопротеидов высокой плотности и липопротеидов низкой плотности, С-реактивного белка.Сердечно-сосудистый риск оценивался по шкалам АТР III и RRS, сравнение результатов его оценки проводилось между группами и между шкалами внутри групп.

Результаты и обсуждение

Результаты и обсуждение. Большинство параметров в сравниваемых группах не различались. Однако уровень холестерина липопротеидов высокой плотности у пациентов с болезнью депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция и в группе контроля был значимо выше, чем при ревматоидном артрите и подагре (p<0,05). Кроме того, у пациентов с подагрой и ревматоидным артритом систолическое давление было выше, чем при болезни депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция и в контроле (p<0,05).Уровень С-реактивного белка сыворотки при болезни депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция был ниже, чем при подагре и ревматоидном артрите, и существенно не отличался от данного показателя в группе контроля. Его медиана составляла соответственно 3,8 [1,0; 12,4], 8,5 [4,1; 12,9] (р<0,05), 8,6 [4,1; 20,6] (р<0,05), 1,5 [0,8; 2,6] мг/л (p>0,05). Уровень С-реактивного белка >5 мг/л при болезни депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция и в группе контроля встречался реже, чем при ревматоидном артрите (р<0,05) и подагре (р<0,05), но С-реактивный белок ≥5 мг/л определялся у 18 пациентов (43%) с болезнью депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция и только у 3 (7%) человек – в группе контроля (р<0,05). Высокий и очень высокий риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний по шкале ATP III при болезни депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция отмечался в 5 (12%), при подагре – в 7 (17%), при ревматоидном артрите – в 9 (21%), в группе контроля – в 8 (19%) случаях. Его частота во всех группах была сопоставима.Высокий и очень высокий риск сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний по RRS выявлен соответственно в 9 (21%), 14 (33%), 12 (29%) и 7 (17%) случаях.

Выводы

Выводы: сердечно-сосудистый риск при болезни депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция, ревматоидном артрите и подагре сопоставим и достаточно высок. Шкала RRS может быть более объективным методом оценки сердечно-сосудистого риска у пациентов с болезнью депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция, подагрой и ревматоидным артритом.

Cardiovascular risk (CVR) in patients with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease (CPPD) has not been studied, and the optimal method for assessing it has not been established yet.

Objective

Objective: Evaluation of CVR and comparison of results using Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) and Reynolds Risk Score (RRS) scales in patients with CPPD, gout, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in the control group.

Materials and methods

Materials and methods: Cross-sectional, single-center study performed by case-control method. There are 42 patients with CPPD in main group, 42 patients with gout and RA in the comparison groups are, 42 healthy volunteers in the control group. The survey included measurements of anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), serum glucose, creatinine, cholesterol (TC), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), C-reactive protein (CRP). CVR was assessed on ATP III and RRS scales, comparison of its evaluation results was carried out between groups and between scales within groups.

Results and discussion

Results and discussion: Most of the parameters in the compared groups did not differ. However, HDL CS levels were significantly higher in patients with CPPD and in the control group than in RA and gout (p<0.05). In addition, in patients with gout and RA, systolic BP was higher than in CPPD and in control (p<0.05).CRP in CPPD was lower than in gout and RA and was not significantly different from this indicator in the control group. Its median was 3.8 [1.0; 12.4], 8.5 [4.1; 12.9] (р <0.05), 8.6 [4.1; 20.6] (р<0.05), 1.5 [0.8; 2.6] mg/l (p>0.05). The CRP > 5 mg/L in CPPD and in the control group was greater than in RA (p<0.05) and gout (p<0.05), but CRP≥5 mg/L was determined in 18 patients (43%) with CPPD and only in 3 (7%) people in the control group (p<0.05). A high and very high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) on the ATP III scale in CPPD was noted in 5 (12%) in gout – in 7 (17%), in RA – in 9 (21%) and in the control group – in 8 (19%) cases. Its frequency in all groups was comparable.A high and very high risk of CVD for RRS was identified in 9 (21%), 14 (33%), 12 (29%) and 7 (17%) cases, respectively.

Conclusions

Conclusions: CVR under CPPD, RA and gout is comparable and quite high. The RRS scale may be a more objective method of assessing CVD risk in patients with CPPD, gout and RA.

болезнь депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальцияподаграревматоидный артритсердечно-сосудистый рисквоспалениеС-реактивный белокReynolds risk scoreAdult Treatment Panel IIIcalcium pyrophosphate crystals deposit diseasegoutrheumatoid arthritiscardiovascular riskinflammationC-reactive proteinReynolds risk scoreAdult Treatment Panel IIIРабота выполнена в рамках фундаментальной научной тематики: «Разработка методов комплексной терапии заболеваний костно-мышечной системы» № АААА-А19-119021190150-6.ReferencesOECD. Health at a Glance 2011: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing. 2011:28. DOI:10.1787/health_glance-2011-enOECD. Health at a Glance 2011: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing. 2011:28. DOI:10.1787/health_glance-2011-enScarborough P., Wickramasinghe K., Bhatnagar P., Rayner M. Trends in coronary heart disease 1961–2011. British Heart Foundation: London. 2011:9–30.Scarborough P., Wickramasinghe K., Bhatnagar P., Rayner M. Trends in coronary heart disease 1961–2011. British Heart Foundation: London. 2011:9–30.Liao K.P. Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017;27(2):136–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.07.006Liao K.P. Cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2017;27(2):136–140. DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2016.07.006Perez-Ruiz F., Martínez-Indart L., Carmona L., et al. Tophaceous gout and high level of hyperuricaemia are both associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):177–182. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202421Perez-Ruiz F., Martínez-Indart L., Carmona L., et al. Tophaceous gout and high level of hyperuricaemia are both associated with increased risk of mortality in patients with gout. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):177–182. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202421Hall A.J., Stubbs B., Mamas M.A., et al. Association between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(9):938–946. DOI: 10.1177/2047487315610663Hall A.J., Stubbs B., Mamas M.A., et al. Association between osteoarthritis and cardiovascular disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(9):938–946. DOI: 10.1177/2047487315610663Герасимова Е.В., Попкова Т.В., Новикова Д.С. и др. Десятилетний риск развития сердечно-сосудистых осложнений у больных ревматоидным артритом. Терапевтический архив. 2011;83(5):14–19.Gerasimova E.V., Popkova T.V., Novikova D.S., et al. 10-year risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv = Therapeutic archive. 2011;83(5):14–19 (In Russ.).Crowson C.S., Rollefstad S., Ikdahl E., et al. Impact of risk factors associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A Trans-Atlantic Cardiovascular Consortium for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ATACC-RA) Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(1):48–54. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211735Crowson C.S., Rollefstad S., Ikdahl E., et al. Impact of risk factors associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A Trans-Atlantic Cardiovascular Consortium for Rheumatoid Arthritis (ATACC-RA) Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(1):48–54. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211735Gómez-Vaquero C., Robustillo M., Narváez J., et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of the new EULAR recommendations on the score cardiovascular risk index. Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Jan;31(1):35–39. DOI: 10.1007/s10067011-1774-6Gómez-Vaquero C., Robustillo M., Narváez J., et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of the new EULAR recommendations on the score cardiovascular risk index. Clin Rheumatol. 2012 Jan;31(1):35–39. DOI: 10.1007/s10067011-1774-6Елисеев М.С., Денисов И.С., Маркелова Е.И. и др. Независимые факторы риска развития тяжелых сердечнососудистых осложнений у мужчин с подагрой: результаты 7-летнего проспективного исследования. Терапевтический архив 2017;05:10–19. DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201789510-19Eliseev M.S., Denisov I.S., Markelova E.I., et al. Independent risk factors for severe cardiovascular events in male patients with gout: results of a 7-year prospective study. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv = Therapeutic archive. 2017;05:1019 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.17116/terarkh201789510-19Zhang J., Chen L., Delzell E. The association between inflammatory markers, serum lipids and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(7):1301–1308. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204715Zhang J., Chen L., Delzell E. The association between inflammatory markers, serum lipids and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(7):1301–1308. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204715Del Rincon I., Polak J.F., O’Leary D.H., et al. Systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors predict rapid progression of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1118–1123. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205058Del Rincon I., Polak J.F., O’Leary D.H., et al. Systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors predict rapid progression of atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(6):1118–1123. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205058Попкова Т.В., Новикова Д.С., Новиков А.А. и др. Роль системного воспаления в развитии сердечно-сосудистых осложнений при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2009;3:61.Popkova T.V., Novikova D.S., Novikov A.A., et al. The role of systemic inflammation in the development of cardiovascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Scientific and practical rheumatology. 2009;3:61 (In Russ.).Ridker P.M. C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 49(21):2129–2138.Ridker P.M. C-reactive protein and the prediction of cardiovascular events among those at intermediate risk: moving an inflammatory hypothesis toward consensus. J Am Coll Cardiol. 49(21):2129–2138.Клюквина Н.Г., Баранов Е.Л., Александрова Е.Н., Насонов Е.Л. С-реактивный белок при системной красной волчанке у мужчин: связь с тромботическими осложнениями. Клиническая медицина. 1997;8:24.Klyukvina N.G., Baranov Ye.L., Alexandrova E.N., Nasonov E.L. C-reactive protein in systemic lupus erythematosus in men: association with thrombotic complications. Klinicheskaya meditsina = Clinical medicine. 1997;8:24 (In Russ.).Nurmohamed M.T., Heslinga M., Kitas G.D. Cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(12):693–704. DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.112Nurmohamed M.T., Heslinga M., Kitas G.D. Cardiovascular comorbidity in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(12):693–704. DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.112Попкова Т.В., Новикова Д.С., Насонов Е.Л. Кардиоваскулярные факторы риска при ревматических заболеваниях: связь с воспалением. Consilium Medicum. 2010;12(2):112–118.Popkova T.V., Novikova D.S., Nasonov E.L. Cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatic diseases: link with inflammation. Consilium Medicum. 2010;12(2):112–118 (In Russ.).Gonzalez-Gay M.A., Gonzalez-Juanatey C., Piñeiro A., GarciaPorrua C., Testa A., Llorca J. High-grade C-reactive protein elevation correlates with accelerated atherogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(7):1219–1223. PMID: 15996055Gonzalez-Gay M.A., Gonzalez-Juanatey C., Piñeiro A., GarciaPorrua C., Testa A., Llorca J. High-grade C-reactive protein elevation correlates with accelerated atherogenesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005;32(7):1219–1223. PMID: 15996055Барскова В.Г., Ильина А.Е., Семенова Л.А. и др. Пирофосфатная артропатия ревматологический синдром «айсберга»: время для переоценки значения в патологии суставов. Современная ревматология. 2010;4(2):5–10. DOI: 10.14412/1996-7012-2010-595Barskova V.G., Ilyina A.E., Semenova LA., et al. Pyrophosphate arthropathy is a rheumatological iceberg syndrome: time to reassess its importance in joint diseases. Sovremennaya revmatologiy = Modern Rheumatology. 2010;4(2):5–10 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.14412/1996-7012-2010-595Schlee S., Bollheimer L.C., Bertsch T., et al. Crystal arthritides gout and calcium pyrophosphate arthritis. Zeitschrift Für Gerontologie Und Geriatrie, 2017;51(4):453–460. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1197-3Schlee S., Bollheimer L.C., Bertsch T., et al. Crystal arthritides gout and calcium pyrophosphate arthritis. Zeitschrift Für Gerontologie Und Geriatrie, 2017;51(4):453–460. DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1197-3Salaffi F., De Angelis R., Grassi W.; MArche Pain Prevalence; INvestigation Group (MAPPING) study. Prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in an Italian population sample: results of a regional community-based study. I. The MAPPING study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23(6):819–828. PMID: 16396700Salaffi F., De Angelis R., Grassi W.; MArche Pain Prevalence; INvestigation Group (MAPPING) study. Prevalence of musculoskeletal conditions in an Italian population sample: results of a regional community-based study. I. The MAPPING study. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005;23(6):819–828. PMID: 16396700Richette P., Bardin T., Doherty M. An update on the epidemiology of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. Rheumatology. 2009;48(7):711–715. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep081Richette P., Bardin T., Doherty M. An update on the epidemiology of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. Rheumatology. 2009;48(7):711–715. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep081Елисеев М.С., Желябина О.В., Чикина М.Н., Новикова А.М. Факторы риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у пациентов с болезнью депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2019;57(5):545–552. DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2019-545-552Eliseev M.S., Zhelyabina O.V., Chikina M.N., Novikova A.M. Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2019;57(5):545–552 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2019-545-552Perk J., De Backer G., Gohlke H., et al. European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2013;14(5):328–392. DOI: 10.1714/1264.13964Perk J., De Backer G., Gohlke H., et al. European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (version 2012). The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts) G Ital Cardiol (Rome). 2013;14(5):328–392. DOI: 10.1714/1264.13964National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:24862497. DOI: 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001;285:24862497. DOI: 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486Ridker P.M., Paynter N.P., Rifai N., Gaziano J.M., Cook N.R. C-reactive protein and parental history improve global cardiovascular risk prediction: the Reynolds Risk Score for men. Circulation. 2008;118(22):2243–2251. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.814251Ridker P.M., Paynter N.P., Rifai N., Gaziano J.M., Cook N.R. C-reactive protein and parental history improve global cardiovascular risk prediction: the Reynolds Risk Score for men. Circulation. 2008;118(22):2243–2251. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.814251Hollander J.L., Jessar R.A., McCarty D.J. Synovianalysis: an aid in arthritis diagnosis. Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases. 1961;12:263–254. PMID: 13908387Hollander J.L., Jessar R.A., McCarty D.J. Synovianalysis: an aid in arthritis diagnosis. Bulletin on the Rheumatic Diseases. 1961;12:263–254. PMID: 13908387Kay J., Upchurch K.S. ACR/EULAR 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51 Suppl 6:vi5–vi9. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes279Kay J., Upchurch K.S. ACR/EULAR 2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51 Suppl 6:vi5–vi9. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes279Neogi T., Jansen T.L., Dalbeth N., et al. 2015 Gout classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative [published correction appears in Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(2):473]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(10):1789–1798. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208237Neogi T., Jansen T.L., Dalbeth N., et al. 2015 Gout classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative [published correction appears in Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(2):473]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(10):1789–1798. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208237Di Lullo L., House A., Gorini A., Santoboni A., Russo D., Ronco C. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular complications. Heart Fail Rev. 2015;20(3):259–272. DOI: 10.1007/s10741014-9460-9Di Lullo L., House A., Gorini A., Santoboni A., Russo D., Ronco C. Chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular complications. Heart Fail Rev. 2015;20(3):259–272. DOI: 10.1007/s10741014-9460-9Kayıkçıoğlu M. Yaşlı hastalarda kardiyovasküler risk hesaplaması [Calculation of cardiovascular risk in elderly patients]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2017;45(Suppl 5):22–24. DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2017.33803Kayıkçıoğlu M. Yaşlı hastalarda kardiyovasküler risk hesaplaması [Calculation of cardiovascular risk in elderly patients]. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2017;45(Suppl 5):22–24. DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2017.33803D’Agostino R.B. Sr, Grundy S., Sullivan L.M., Wilson P. CHD Risk Prediction Group. Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. JAMA. 2001;286(2):180–187. DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.2.180D’Agostino R.B. Sr, Grundy S., Sullivan L.M., Wilson P. CHD Risk Prediction Group. Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. JAMA. 2001;286(2):180–187. DOI: 10.1001/jama.286.2.180Brindle P., Beswick A., Fahey T., Ebrahim S. Accuracy and impact of risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Heart. 2006;92(12):1752–1759. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2006.087932Brindle P., Beswick A., Fahey T., Ebrahim S. Accuracy and impact of risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Heart. 2006;92(12):1752–1759. DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2006.087932Beck C., Morbach H., Richl P., et al. How can calcium pyrophosphate crystals induce inflammation in hypophosphatasia or chronic inflammatory joint diseases? Rheumatol Int. 2009;29(3):229–238. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0710-9Beck C., Morbach H., Richl P., et al. How can calcium pyrophosphate crystals induce inflammation in hypophosphatasia or chronic inflammatory joint diseases? Rheumatol Int. 2009;29(3):229–238. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0710-9Martinon F., Pétrilli V., Mayor A., et al. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature. 2006;440(7081):237–241. DOI: 10.1038/nature04516Martinon F., Pétrilli V., Mayor A., et al. Gout-associated uric acid crystals activate the NALP3 inflammasome. Nature. 2006;440(7081):237–241. DOI: 10.1038/nature04516Насонов Е.Л., Елисеев М.С. Роль интерлейкина 1 в развитии заболеваний человека. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2016;54(1):60–77. DOI: 10.14412/19954484-2016-60-77Nasonov E.L., Eliseev M.S. Role of interleukin 1 in the development of human diseases. NauchnoPrakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2016;54(1):60–77 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.14412/19954484-2016-60-77Dalbeth N.H.D. Pathophysiology of crystal-induced arthritis. In: Wortmann R.L. Sh. J., Becker M.A., Ryan L.M. (eds). CrystalInduced Arthropathies: Gout, Pseudogout, and ApatiteAssociated Syndromes. Taylor &amp; Francis Group, New York, 2006. P. 239.Dalbeth N.H.D. Pathophysiology of crystal-induced arthritis. In: Wortmann R.L. Sh. J., Becker M.A., Ryan L.M. (eds). CrystalInduced Arthropathies: Gout, Pseudogout, and ApatiteAssociated Syndromes. Taylor & Francis Group, New York, 2006. P. 239.Golia E., Limongelli G., Natale F., et al. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: from pathogenesis to therapeutic target. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2014;16(9):435. DOI: 10.1007/s11883-0140435-zGolia E., Limongelli G., Natale F., et al. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: from pathogenesis to therapeutic target. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2014;16(9):435. DOI: 10.1007/s11883-0140435-zCrittenden D.B., Lehmann R.A., Schneck L., et al. Colchicine use is associated with decreased prevalence of myocardial infarction in patients with gout. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:1458–1464. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111533Crittenden D.B., Lehmann R.A., Schneck L., et al. Colchicine use is associated with decreased prevalence of myocardial infarction in patients with gout. J Rheumatol. 2012;39:1458–1464. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.111533Nidorf S., Eikelboom J., Budgeon C., et al. Low-dose colchicine for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:404–410. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.027Nidorf S., Eikelboom J., Budgeon C., et al. Low-dose colchicine for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61:404–410. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.027Tardif J.-C., Simon Kouz S., Waters D., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine After Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(26):2497 –2505. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912388Tardif J.-C., Simon Kouz S., Waters D., et al. Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine After Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(26):2497 –2505. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1912388Kajikawa M., Higashi Y., Tomiyama H., et al. Effect of short-term colchicine treatment on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol. 2019;281:35–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.054Kajikawa M., Higashi Y., Tomiyama H., et al. Effect of short-term colchicine treatment on endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol. 2019;281:35–39. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.01.054Day A.L., Singh J.A. Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Older Adults and Elderly Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: What Role Can Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Play in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction? Drugs Aging. 2019;36(6):493–510. DOI: 10.1007/s40266-019-00653-0Day A.L., Singh J.A. Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Older Adults and Elderly Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: What Role Can Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Play in Cardiovascular Risk Reduction? Drugs Aging. 2019;36(6):493–510. DOI: 10.1007/s40266-019-00653-0Kim H.J., Kim M.J., Lee C.K., Hong Y.H. Effects of Methotrexate on Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(11):15891596. DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.11.1589Kim H.J., Kim M.J., Lee C.K., Hong Y.H. Effects of Methotrexate on Carotid Intima-media Thickness in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Korean Med Sci. 2015;30(11):15891596. DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2015.30.11.1589De Vecchis R., Baldi C., Palmisani L. Protective effects of methotrexate against ischemic cardiovascular disorders in patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis: novel therapeutic insights coming from a meta-analysis of the literature data. Anatol J Cardiol. 2016;16(1):2–9. DOI: 10.5152/akd.2015.6136De Vecchis R., Baldi C., Palmisani L. Protective effects of methotrexate against ischemic cardiovascular disorders in patients treated for rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis: novel therapeutic insights coming from a meta-analysis of the literature data. Anatol J Cardiol. 2016;16(1):2–9. DOI: 10.5152/akd.2015.6136Ridker P.M., Everett B.M., Pradhan A., et al. Low-Dose Methotrexate for the Prevention of Atherosclerotic Events. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(8):752–762. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1809798Ridker P.M., Everett B.M., Pradhan A., et al. Low-Dose Methotrexate for the Prevention of Atherosclerotic Events. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(8):752–762. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1809798Елисеев М.С., Владимиров С.А., Насонов Е.Л. Применение метотрексата у больных с болезнью депонирования кристаллов пирофосфата кальция. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2018;56(2):196–201. DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-196-201Eliseev M.S., Vladimirov S.A., Nasonov E.L. Use of methotrexate in patients with calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2018;56(2):196–201 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2018-196-201Baghdadi L.R., Woodman R.J., Shanahan E.M., Mangoni A.A. The impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117952. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117952Baghdadi L.R., Woodman R.J., Shanahan E.M., Mangoni A.A. The impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;10(2):e0117952. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117952Барскова В.Г., Ильиных Е.В., Елисеев М.С. и др. Кардиоваскулярный риск у больных подагрой. Ожирение и метаболизм. 2006;3(3):40–44. DOI: 10.14341/2071-8713-5263.Barskova V.G., Il’inykh E.V., Eliseev M.S., et al. Cardiovascular risk in patients with gout. Ozhireniye i metabolizm = Obesity and metabolism. 2006;3(3):40–44 (In Russ.). DOI: 10.14341/2071-8713-5263.Capuano V., Marchese F., Capuano R., et al. Hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular events: a 10-year cohort study from Southern Italy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2017;18(3):159–164. DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000347Capuano V., Marchese F., Capuano R., et al. Hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor for major cardiovascular events: a 10-year cohort study from Southern Italy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2017;18(3):159–164. DOI: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000347Mochizuki T., Ikari K., Yano K., Okazaki K. Five-year incidence of common comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer, in older Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019;19(7):577–581. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13664Mochizuki T., Ikari K., Yano K., Okazaki K. Five-year incidence of common comorbidities, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and cancer, in older Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2019;19(7):577–581. DOI: 10.1111/ggi.13664Joshi A., Siva C. Magnesium disorders can cause calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: A case report and literature review. Eur J Rheumatol. 2018;5(1):53–57. DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.16116Joshi A., Siva C. Magnesium disorders can cause calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: A case report and literature review. Eur J Rheumatol. 2018;5(1):53–57. DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2017.16116

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.