<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2021-84-92</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-2994</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика традиционных модифицируемых факторов риска, суммарного сердечно-сосудистого риска и структурных изменений сонных артерий у больных ревматоидным артритом на фоне длительной терапии ингибитором рецепторов интерлейкина-6</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of traditional modifiable risk factors, total cardiovascular risk, and structural changes of carotid arteries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on long-term interleukin-6 receptor antagonist treatment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-561X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасимова Елена Владимировна</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Gerasimova</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gerasimovaev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-4689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Popkova</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6840-4552</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартынова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martynova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra V. Martynova</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1003-2087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллова</surname><given-names>И. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillova</surname><given-names>I. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina G. Kirillova</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1729-4610</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркелова</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markelova</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgenia I. Markelova</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6862-2645</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семашко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semashko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna S. Semashko</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p><p>125993, г. Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksander M. Lila</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p><p>125993, Moscow, Barricadnaya str., 2/1, p. 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-8360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny L. Nasonov</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p><p>119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">VA Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им В.А. Насоновой; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">VA Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Department of Rheumatology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>84</fpage><lpage>92</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Герасимова Е.В., Попкова Т.В., Мартынова А.В., Кириллова И.Г., Маркелова Е.И., Семашко А.С., Лила А.М., Насонов Е.Л., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Герасимова Е.В., Попкова Т.В., Мартынова А.В., Кириллова И.Г., Маркелова Е.И., Семашко А.С., Лила А.М., Насонов Е.Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gerasimova E.V., Popkova T.V., Martynova A.V., Kirillova I.G., Markelova E.I., Semashko A.S., Lila A.M., Nasonov E.L.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2994">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/2994</self-uri><abstract><p>Влияние ингибитора рецепторов интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6) на состояние сердечно-сосудистой системы у больных ревматоидным артритом остается малоизученным.</p><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Изучить влияние терапии ингибитора рецепторов ИЛ-6 – тоцилизумаба на динамику модифицируемых факторов риска, суммарного сердечно-сосудистого риска и структурные изменения сонных артерий у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом в течение 12-месячного периода наблюдения.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В исследование включены 40 пациентов с активным ревматоидным артритом (33 женщины и 7 мужчин) с неэффективностью и/или непереносимостью базисных противовоспалительных препаратов (БПВП); медиана возраста составила 55 (49; 64) лет, продолжительности болезни – 102 (48; 162) месяца; DAS28 – 6,2 (5,5; 6,7) балла; все больные были серопозитивны по ревматоидному фактору, 80% – по антителам к циклическому цитруллинированному пептиду. Пациенты получали терапию тоцилизумабом 8 мг/кг каждые 4 недели: у 52% проведена монотерапия тоцилизумабом, у 48% – комбинированная терапия тоцилизумабом с БПВП. Всем пациентам проведена оценка традиционных факторов риска, рассчитан суммарный сердечно-сосудистый риск по шкале mSCORE, атеросклеротическое поражение сосудов оценено по обнаружению атеросклеротических бляшек.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Через 12 месяцев терапии тоцилизумабом отмечено снижение активности заболевания: ремиссия наблюдалась у 25 (64%) больных ревматоидным артритом, низкая активность заболевания – у 12 (31%), отмечено статистически значимое снижение DAS28, HAQ, концентраций С-реактивного белка (СРБ) и СОЭ. На момент включения в исследование у больных ревматоидным артритом обнаружена высокая частота традиционных факторов риска: дислипидемия – у 67%, артериальная гипертензия – у 65%, избыточная масса тела – у 55%, отягощенная наследственность по сердечно-сосудистым заболеваниям (ССЗ) – у 35%, курение – у 15%. У каждого третьего больного выявлялось сочетание трех и более традиционных факторов риска ССЗ. Через 12 месяцев отмечено увеличение ИМТ на 2%, увеличение концентрации ХС ЛПВП сыворотки крови на 27%, снижение индекса атерогенности на 28% (р&lt;0,01). Нарастание уровня ХС ЛПВП к окончанию исследования было обнаружено у пациентов независимо от проводимой терапии статинами. Изменений концентраций других липидов крови в ходе наблюдения, в том числе на фоне терапии статинами, не отмечено. Выявлена обратная корреляционная связь между динамикой уровней ∆ХС и ∆СРБ (R=−0,37; p&lt;0,05), ∆ХС ЛПНП и ∆СРБ (R=−0,42; р&lt;0,01). Очень высокий сердечно-сосудистый риск по шкале SCORE определен у 78% больных, умеренный – у 2% и низкий – у 20% больных. К окончанию исследования распределение больных по величине mSCORE и уровню сердечно-сосудистого риска существенно не изменилось. Значимых структурных изменений сонных артерий у больных ревматоидным артритом к концу 12 месяцев терапии тоцилизумабом выявлено не было.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Через 12 месяцев применения тоцилизумаба на фоне снижения активности ревматоидного артрита отмечены повышение уровня ХС ЛПВП, снижение индекса атерогенности и увеличение ИМТ, частота традиционных факторов риска и суммарный сердечно-сосудистый риск не изменились. Несмотря на очень высокий риск развития ССЗ, связанный с воспалительной активностью основного заболевания, накоплением традиционных факторов риска и их сочетанием, субклиническим атеросклеротическим поражением сосудов, значимых структурных изменений сонных артерий у больных ревматоидным артритом на терапии тоцилизумабом не выявлено.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The effect of an inhibitor of interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptors on the state of the cardiovascular system in patients with rheumatoid arthritis remains poorly understood.</p><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective: to study the effect of therapy with an inhibitor of IL-6 receptors, tocilizumab (TCZ), on the dynamics of modifiable risk factors, total cardiovascular risk, and structural changes in the carotid arteries in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during a 12-month follow-up period.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. The study included 40 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (33 women and 7 men) with ineffectiveness and/or intolerance to basic anti-inflammatory drugs (DMARDs); the median age was 55 (49; 64) years, the duration of the disease – 102 (48; 162) months; DAS28 – 6.2 (5.5; 6.7) points; all patients were seropositive for rheumatoid factor, 80% – for antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide. Patients received TCZ 8 mg/kg therapy every 4 weeks: 52% received TCZ monotherapy, 48% received combined TCZ therapy with DMARDs. All patients underwent an assessment of traditional risk factors, the total cardiovascular risk was calculated using the mSCORE, and atherosclerotic vascular damage was assessed by the detection of atherosclerotic plaques.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. After 12 months of TCZ therapy, a decrease in disease activity was noted: remission was observed in 25 patients (64%) with rheumatoid arthritis, low disease activity – in 12 (31%); DAS28, HAQ, CRP and ESR concentrations decreased significantly. А high frequency of traditional risk factors was found in rheumatoid arthritis patients: dyslipidemia – 67%, arterial hypertension – 65%, overweight – 55%, burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) – 35%, smoking – 15%. Every third patient had a combination of three or more traditional risk factors. After 12 months of TCZ therapy, the frequency of traditional risk factors did not significantly change, there was an increase in BMI by 2%, an increase in the concentration of HDL-C in serum by 27%, a decrease in the atherogenic index by 28% (p&lt;0.01). Moreover, an increase in the level of HDL-C by the finish was found in patients regardless of statin therapy. Changes in the concentration of other lipids during the observation, including during therapy with statins, were not observed. A negative correlation the dynamics of the levels of ∆HS and ∆CRP (R=−0.37; p&lt;0.05), ∆HS of LDL and ∆CRP (R=−0.42; p&lt;0.01) was found. A very high cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE scale was determined in 78% of patients, moderate – in 2%, and low – in 20% of patients. The distribution of patients by mSCORE value and level of cardiovascular risk were not documented after 12 months of TCZ therapy. No significant structural changes in carotid arteries in rheumatoid arthritis patients were revealed by the end of 12 months of TCZ therapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. After 12 months of TCZ therapy resulted in decreased rheumatoid arthritis activity, increased the level of HDL-C, atherogenic index, BMI; the frequency of traditional risk factors and the total cardiovascular risk did not change. Despite the very high risk of developing CVD associated with the inflammatory activity of rheumatoid arthritis, the accumulation of traditional risk factors and their combination, subclinical atherosclerotic vascular lesions, no significant structural changes in the carotid arteries were found in rheumatoid arthritis patients on TCZ therapy. Insufficient effectiveness of statin therapy was revealed.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>ингибитор рецепторов интерлейкина-6</kwd><kwd>тоцилизумаб</kwd><kwd>традиционные факторы риска</kwd><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>суммарный сердечно-сосудистый риск</kwd><kwd>SCORE</kwd><kwd>атеросклеротическое поражение сосудов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor</kwd><kwd>tocilizumab</kwd><kwd>traditional risk factors</kwd><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>total cardiovascular risk</kwd><kwd>SCORE</kwd><kwd>atherosclerotic vascular disease</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Работа выполнена за счет средств бюджетного финансирования на выполнение государственного задания по фундаментальной научной теме «Разработка методов персонифицированной терапии ревматических заболеваний с коморбидной патологией» № АААА-А19-119021190151-3</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ревматология. Российские клинические рекомендации. Под ред. ЕЛ Насонова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2020:448.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL (ed.). Rheumatology. Russian clinical guidelines. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2020:448 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Balsa A, Lojo-Oliveira L, Alperi-López M, García-Manrique M, Ordóñez-Cañizares C, Pérez L, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis and evaluation of their monitoring in clinical practice: The Spanish cohort of the COMORA study. Reumatol Clin. 2019;15(2):102−108. doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.06.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balsa A, Lojo-Oliveira L, Alperi-López M, García-Manrique M, Ordóñez-Cañizares C, Pérez L, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities in rheumatoid arthritis and evaluation of their monitoring in clinical practice: The Spanish cohort of the COMORA study. Reumatol Clin. 2019;15(2):102−108. doi: 10.1016/j.reuma.2017.06.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попкова ТВ, Новикова ДС. Кардиоваскулярная патология у больных ревматоидным артритом. В кн.: Ревматология. Российские клинические рекомендации. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2020:321−340.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popkova TV, Novikova DS. Cardiovascular pathology in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In: Rheumatology. Russian clinical guidelines. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2020:321−340 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Avina-Zubieta JA, Thomas J, Sadatsafavi M, Lehman AJ, Lacaille D. Risk of incident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(9):1524−1529. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200726</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Avina-Zubieta JA, Thomas J, Sadatsafavi M, Lehman AJ, Lacaille D. Risk of incident cardiovascular events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(9):1524−1529. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2011-200726</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schieir O, Tosevski C, Glazier R, Hogg-Johnson S, Badley EM. Incident myocardial infarction associated with major types of arthritis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1396−1404. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210275</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schieir O, Tosevski C, Glazier R, Hogg-Johnson S, Badley EM. Incident myocardial infarction associated with major types of arthritis in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1396−1404. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210275</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferguson LD, Siebert S, McInnes IB, Sattar N. Cardiometabolic comorbidities in RA and PsA: Lessons learned and future directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019;15(8):461−474. doi: 10.1038/s41584-019-0256-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferguson LD, Siebert S, McInnes IB, Sattar N. Cardiometabolic comorbidities in RA and PsA: Lessons learned and future directions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019;15(8):461−474. doi: 10.1038/s41584-019-0256-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kremers HM, Crowson CS, Therneau TM, Roger VL, Gabriel SE. High ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients: A population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(8):2268−2274. doi: 10.1002/art.23650</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kremers HM, Crowson CS, Therneau TM, Roger VL, Gabriel SE. High ten-year risk of cardiovascular disease in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients: A population-based cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58(8):2268−2274. doi: 10.1002/art.23650</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amaya-Amaya J, Sarmiento-Monroy JC, Mantilla RD, Pineda-Tamayo R, Rojas-Villarraga A, Anaya JM. Novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res. 2013;56(2-3):267−286. doi: 10.1007/s12026-013-8398-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amaya-Amaya J, Sarmiento-Monroy JC, Mantilla RD, Pineda-Tamayo R, Rojas-Villarraga A, Anaya JM. Novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res. 2013;56(2-3):267−286. doi: 10.1007/s12026-013-8398-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beinsberger J, Heemskerk JW, Cosemans JM. Chronic arthritis and cardiovascular disease: Altered blood parameters give rise to a prothrombotic propensity. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014;44(3):345−352. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.06.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beinsberger J, Heemskerk JW, Cosemans JM. Chronic arthritis and cardiovascular disease: Altered blood parameters give rise to a prothrombotic propensity. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2014;44(3):345−352. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2014.06.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbarroja N, Perez-Sancherz C, Ouiz-Limon P. Anticyclic citrullinsted protein antibodies are implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2706−2716. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304475</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbarroja N, Perez-Sancherz C, Ouiz-Limon P. Anticyclic citrullinsted protein antibodies are implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:2706−2716. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.114.304475</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hamzic-Mehmedbasic A. Inflammatory cytokines as risk factors for mortality after acute cardiac events. Med Arch. 2016;70(4):252−255. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2016.70.252-255</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hamzic-Mehmedbasic A. Inflammatory cytokines as risk factors for mortality after acute cardiac events. Med Arch. 2016;70(4):252−255. doi: 10.5455/medarh.2016.70.252-255</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ait-Oufella H, Libby P, Tedgui A. Anticytokine immune therapy and atherothrombotic cardiovascular risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39(8):1510−1519. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.311998</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ait-Oufella H, Libby P, Tedgui A. Anticytokine immune therapy and atherothrombotic cardiovascular risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2019;39(8):1510−1519. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.119.311998</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skeoch S, Bruce IN. Atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Is it all about inflammation? Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(7):390−400. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.40</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skeoch S, Bruce IN. Atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis: Is it all about inflammation? Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2015;11(7):390−400. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.40</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Su D, Li Z, Li X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ding D, et al. Association between serum interleukin-6 concentration and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Mediators Inflamm. 2013:726178. doi: 10.1155/2013/726178</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Su D, Li Z, Li X, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Ding D, et al. Association between serum interleukin-6 concentration and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease. Mediators Inflamm. 2013:726178. doi: 10.1155/2013/726178</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang XH, Liu SQ, Wang YL, Jin Y. Correlation of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Genet Mol Res. 2014;13(2):4260−4266. doi: 10.4238/2014.June.9.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang XH, Liu SQ, Wang YL, Jin Y. Correlation of serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Genet Mol Res. 2014;13(2):4260−4266. doi: 10.4238/2014.June.9.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Caselli C, De Graaf MA, Lorenzoni V, Rovai D, Marinelli M, Del Ry S, et al. HDL cholesterol, leptin and interleukin-6 predict high risk coronary anatomy assessed by CT angiography in patients with stable chest pain. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241:55−61. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.811</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Caselli C, De Graaf MA, Lorenzoni V, Rovai D, Marinelli M, Del Ry S, et al. HDL cholesterol, leptin and interleukin-6 predict high risk coronary anatomy assessed by CT angiography in patients with stable chest pain. Atherosclerosis. 2015;241:55−61. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.811</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AlBadri A, Lai K, Wei J, Landes S, Mehta PK, Li Q, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of heart failure in women with-out obstructive coronary artery disease: A report from the NHLBI-sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177684. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177684</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AlBadri A, Lai K, Wei J, Landes S, Mehta PK, Li Q, et al. Inflammatory biomarkers as predictors of heart failure in women with-out obstructive coronary artery disease: A report from the NHLBI-sponsored Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE). PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0177684. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177684</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barra L, Pope JE, Hitchon C, Boire G, Schieir O, Lin D, et al. The effect of rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoantibodies on the incidence of cardiovascular events in a large inception cohort of early inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology. 2017;56(5):768−776. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew474</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barra L, Pope JE, Hitchon C, Boire G, Schieir O, Lin D, et al. The effect of rheumatoid arthritis-associated autoantibodies on the incidence of cardiovascular events in a large inception cohort of early inflammatory arthritis. Rheumatology. 2017;56(5):768−776. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew474</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McInnes IB, Thompson L, Giles J, Bathon JM, Salmon JE, Beaulieu AD, et al. Effect of interleukin-6 receptor blockade on surrogates of vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: MEASURE, a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(4):694−702. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204345</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McInnes IB, Thompson L, Giles J, Bathon JM, Salmon JE, Beaulieu AD, et al. Effect of interleukin-6 receptor blockade on surrogates of vascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: MEASURE, a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(4):694−702. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204345</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castagné B, Viprey M, Martin K, Schott AM, Cucherat M, Soubrier M. Cardiovascular safety of tocilizumab: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0220178. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220178</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castagné B, Viprey M, Martin K, Schott AM, Cucherat M, Soubrier M. Cardiovascular safety of tocilizumab: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0220178. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220178</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomon DH, Reed GW, Kremer JM, Curtis JR, Farkouh ME, Harrold LR, et al. Disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of cardiovascular events. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(6):1449−1455. doi: 10.1002/art.39098</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomon DH, Reed GW, Kremer JM, Curtis JR, Farkouh ME, Harrold LR, et al. Disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of cardiovascular events. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(6):1449−1455. doi: 10.1002/art.39098</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Crowson CS, Rollefstad S, Ikdahl E, Kitas GD, van Riel PLCM, Gabriel SE, et al. Impact of risk factors associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(1):48−54. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211735</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Crowson CS, Rollefstad S, Ikdahl E, Kitas GD, van Riel PLCM, Gabriel SE, et al. Impact of risk factors associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77(1):48−54. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211735</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baghdadi LR, Woodman RJ, Shanahan EM, Mangoni AA. The impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;17;10(2):e0117952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117952</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baghdadi LR, Woodman RJ, Shanahan EM, Mangoni AA. The impact of traditional cardiovascular risk factors on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015;17;10(2):e0117952. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117952</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панафидина ТА, Кондратьева ЛВ, Герасимова ЕВ, Новико ва ДС, Попкова ТВ. Коморбидность при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(3):283–289. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-283-289</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panafidina TA, Kondratyeva LV, Gerasimova EV, Novikova DS, Popkova TV. Comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(3):283−289 (In Russ). doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-283-289</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Erum U, Ahsan T, Khowaja D. Lipid abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33(1):227−230. doi: 10.12669/pjms.331.11699</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erum U, Ahsan T, Khowaja D. Lipid abnormalities in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Pak J Med Sci. 2017;33(1):227−230. doi: 10.12669/pjms.331.11699</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pappas DA, Nyberg F, Kremer JM, Lampl K, Reed GW, Horne L, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and major risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A multinational cross-sectional study. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(9):2331−2340. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-4113-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pappas DA, Nyberg F, Kremer JM, Lampl K, Reed GW, Horne L, et al. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and major risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A multinational cross-sectional study. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(9):2331−2340. doi: 10.1007/s10067-018-4113-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smolen JS, Beaulieu A, Rubbert-Roth A, Ramos-Remus C, Rovensky J, Alecock E, et al. Effect of interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OPTION study): A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9617):987−997. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60453-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smolen JS, Beaulieu A, Rubbert-Roth A, Ramos-Remus C, Rovensky J, Alecock E, et al. Effect of interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (OPTION study): A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised trial. Lancet. 2008;371(9617):987−997. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60453-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schiff MH, Kremer J, Jahreis A, Vernon E, Isaacs JD, van Vollenhoven RF. Integrated safety in tocilizumab clinical trials. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13(5):R141. doi: 10.1186/ar3455</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schiff MH, Kremer J, Jahreis A, Vernon E, Isaacs JD, van Vollenhoven RF. Integrated safety in tocilizumab clinical trials. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13(5):R141. doi: 10.1186/ar3455</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Попкова ТВ, Новикова ДС, Панасюк ЕЮ, Авдеева АС, Удачкина ЕВ, Александрова ЕН, и др. Влияние тоцилизумаба на систему транспорта холестерина крови и ранние проявления атеросклероза у больных ревматоидным артритом. Терапевтический архив. 2012;84(5):9−18.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popkova TV, Novikova DS, Panasyuk EY, Avdeeva AS, Udachkina EV, Aleksandrova EN, et al. Tocilizumab impact on blood cholesterine transport and early manifestation of atherosclerosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Terapevticheskii arkhiv = Therapeutic archive. 2012;84(5):9−18 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Souto A, Salgado E, Maneiro JR, Mera A, Carmona L, Gómez-Reino JJ. Lipid profile changes in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis treated with biologic agents and tofacitinib in randomized clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(1):117−127. doi: 10.1002/art.38894</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Souto A, Salgado E, Maneiro JR, Mera A, Carmona L, Gómez-Reino JJ. Lipid profile changes in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis treated with biologic agents and tofacitinib in randomized clinical trials: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(1):117−127. doi: 10.1002/art.38894</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee JS, Chapman MJ, Piraino P, Lamerz J, Schindler T, Cutler P, et al. Remodeling of plasma lipoproteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Interleukin-6 receptor-alpha inhibition with tocilizumab. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2016;10(2):183−194. doi: 10.1002/prca.201500036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee JS, Chapman MJ, Piraino P, Lamerz J, Schindler T, Cutler P, et al. Remodeling of plasma lipoproteins in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Interleukin-6 receptor-alpha inhibition with tocilizumab. Proteomics Clin Appl. 2016;10(2):183−194. doi: 10.1002/prca.201500036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Charles-Schoeman C, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Kaplan I, Boy M, Geier J, Luo Z, et al. Effects of tofacitinib and other DMARDs on lipid profiles in rheumatoid arthritis: Implications for the rheumatologist. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46(1):71−80. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.03.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Charles-Schoeman C, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Kaplan I, Boy M, Geier J, Luo Z, et al. Effects of tofacitinib and other DMARDs on lipid profiles in rheumatoid arthritis: Implications for the rheumatologist. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016;46(1):71−80. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.03.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sarwar N, Butterworth A, Freitag D, Gregson J, Willeit P, Gorman DN, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies. Lancet. 2012;379(9822):1205–1213. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61931-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sarwar N, Butterworth A, Freitag D, Gregson J, Willeit P, Gorman DN, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor pathways in coronary heart disease: A collaborative meta-analysis of 82 studies. Lancet. 2012;379(9822):1205–1213. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61931-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soubrier M, Pei J, Durand F, Gullestad L, John A. Concomitant use of statins in tocilizumab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A post hoc analysis. Rheumatology and Therapy. 2016;4(1):133–149. doi: 10.1007/s40744-016-0049-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soubrier M, Pei J, Durand F, Gullestad L, John A. Concomitant use of statins in tocilizumab-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A post hoc analysis. Rheumatology and Therapy. 2016;4(1):133–149. doi: 10.1007/s40744-016-0049-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferraz-Amaro I, Hernández-Hernández M, Tejera-Segura B, Delgado-Frías E, Macía-Díaz M, Machado JD, et al. Effect of IL-6 receptor blockade on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 and cholesterol efflux capacity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Horm Metab. 2019;51(3):200−209. doi: 10.1055/a-0833-4627</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferraz-Amaro I, Hernández-Hernández M, Tejera-Segura B, Delgado-Frías E, Macía-Díaz M, Machado JD, et al. Effect of IL-6 receptor blockade on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 and cholesterol efflux capacity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Horm Metab. 2019;51(3):200−209. doi: 10.1055/a-0833-4627</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tournadre A, Pereira B, Dutheil F, Giraud C, Courteix D, Sapin V, et al. Changes in body composition and metabolic profile during interleukin 6 inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(4):639−646. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12189</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tournadre A, Pereira B, Dutheil F, Giraud C, Courteix D, Sapin V, et al. Changes in body composition and metabolic profile during interleukin 6 inhibition in rheumatoid arthritis. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2017;8(4):639−646. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12189</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Provan SA, Berg IJ, Hammer HB, Mathiessen A, Kvien TK, Semb AG. The impact of newer biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on cardiovascular risk factors: A 12-month longitudinal study in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with rituximab, abatacept and tociliziumab. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0130709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130709</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Provan SA, Berg IJ, Hammer HB, Mathiessen A, Kvien TK, Semb AG. The impact of newer biological disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs on cardiovascular risk factors: A 12-month longitudinal study in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with rituximab, abatacept and tociliziumab. PLoS One. 2015;10(6):e0130709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130709</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackey RH, Kuller LH, Moreland LW. Inflammatory joint diseases and atherosclerosis: Time to look beyond the ‘lipid paradox’. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2019;30(4):342−349. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000620</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackey RH, Kuller LH, Moreland LW. Inflammatory joint diseases and atherosclerosis: Time to look beyond the ‘lipid paradox’. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2019;30(4):342−349. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000620</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chait A, Han CY, Oram JF, Heinecke JW. Thematic review series: The immune system and atherogenesis: lipoprotein-associated inflammatory proteins: markers or mediators of cardiovascular disease? J Lipid Res. 2005;46:389−403. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R400017-JLR200</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chait A, Han CY, Oram JF, Heinecke JW. Thematic review series: The immune system and atherogenesis: lipoprotein-associated inflammatory proteins: markers or mediators of cardiovascular disease? J Lipid Res. 2005;46:389−403. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R400017-JLR200</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang X, Liao D, Bharadwaj U, Li M, Yao Q, Chen C. C-reactive protein inhibits cholesterol efflux from human macrophagederived foam cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:519−526. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159467</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X, Liao D, Bharadwaj U, Li M, Yao Q, Chen C. C-reactive protein inhibits cholesterol efflux from human macrophagederived foam cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2008;28:519−526. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.159467</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yudkin JS, Kumari M, Humphries SE, Mohamed-Ali V. Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: Is inter-leukin-6 the link? Atherosclerosis. 2000;148:209–214. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00463-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yudkin JS, Kumari M, Humphries SE, Mohamed-Ali V. Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: Is inter-leukin-6 the link? Atherosclerosis. 2000;148:209–214. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9150(99)00463-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li GM, Zhao J, Li B, Zhang XF, Ma JX, Ma XL, et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of statins on patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systemic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(3):215−225. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li GM, Zhao J, Li B, Zhang XF, Ma JX, Ma XL, et al. The anti-inflammatory effects of statins on patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systemic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(3):215−225. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.10.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shahbaz SK, Sadeghi M, Koushki K, Penson PE, Sahebkar A. Regulatory T cells: Possible mediators for the anti-inflammatory action of statins. Pharmacol Res. 2019;149:104469. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104469</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shahbaz SK, Sadeghi M, Koushki K, Penson PE, Sahebkar A. Regulatory T cells: Possible mediators for the anti-inflammatory action of statins. Pharmacol Res. 2019;149:104469. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104469</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Adams SP, Tsang M, Wright JM. Lipid-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(3):CD008226. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008226.pub3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Adams SP, Tsang M, Wright JM. Lipid-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;(3):CD008226. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008226.pub3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Новикова ДС, Попкова ТВ, Насонов ЕЛ. Артериальная гипертензия при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;50(3):52−68. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2011-574</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Novikova DS, Popkova TV, Nasonov EL. Arterial hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;50(3):52−68 (In Russ.). doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2011-574</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мясоедова EE. Распространенность и факторы риска артериальной гипертензии при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2012;50(2):31−34. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2012-1270</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Myasoyedova EE. The prevalence and risk factors of arterial hypertension in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-prakticheskaya revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2012;50(2):31−34 (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2012-1270</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taylor EB, Wolf VL, Dent E, Ryan MJ. Mechanisms of hypertension in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Br J Pharmacol. 2019;176(12):1897−1913. doi: 10.1111/bph.14604</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taylor EB, Wolf VL, Dent E, Ryan MJ. Mechanisms of hypertension in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Br J Pharmacol. 2019;176(12):1897−1913. doi: 10.1111/bph.14604</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee DL, Sturgis LC, Labazi H, Osborne JB Jr, Fleming C, Pollock JS, et al. Angiotensin II hypertension is attenuated in interleukin-6 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;290(3):H935–H940. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00708.2005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee DL, Sturgis LC, Labazi H, Osborne JB Jr, Fleming C, Pollock JS, et al. Angiotensin II hypertension is attenuated in interleukin-6 knockout mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006;290(3):H935–H940. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00708.2005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashmat S, Rudemiller N, Lund H, Abais-Battad JM, Van Why S, Mattson DL. Interleukin-6 inhibition attenuates hypertension and associated renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016;311(3):F555–F561. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00594.2015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashmat S, Rudemiller N, Lund H, Abais-Battad JM, Van Why S, Mattson DL. Interleukin-6 inhibition attenuates hypertension and associated renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2016;311(3):F555–F561. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00594.2015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pongratz G, Straub RH. The sympathetic nervous response in inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(6):504. doi: 10.1186/s13075-014-0504-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pongratz G, Straub RH. The sympathetic nervous response in inflammation. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(6):504. doi: 10.1186/s13075-014-0504-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xie F, Yun H, Levitan EB, Muntner P, Curtis JR. Tocilizumab and the risk for cardiovascular disease: A direct comparison among biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res. 2019;71(8):1004−1018. doi: 10.1002/acr.23737</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie F, Yun H, Levitan EB, Muntner P, Curtis JR. Tocilizumab and the risk for cardiovascular disease: A direct comparison among biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Care Res. 2019;71(8):1004−1018. doi: 10.1002/acr.23737</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hsieh MJ, Lee CH, Tsai M, Kao CF, Lan WC, Huang YT, et al. Biologic agents reduce cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis not responsive to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: A national cohort study. Can J Cardiol. 2020;15:S0828-282X(20)30035-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.01.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hsieh MJ, Lee CH, Tsai M, Kao CF, Lan WC, Huang YT, et al. Biologic agents reduce cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis not responsive to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: A national cohort study. Can J Cardiol. 2020;15:S0828-282X(20)30035-0. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2020.01.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abdelrahman AM, Suleimani YM, Ashique M, Manoj P, Ali BH. Effect of infliximab and tocilizumab on fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia and hypertension in rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;105:182−186. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.118</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abdelrahman AM, Suleimani YM, Ashique M, Manoj P, Ali BH. Effect of infliximab and tocilizumab on fructose-induced hyperinsulinemia and hypertension in rats. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;105:182−186. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.118</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Febbraio MA, Rose-John S, Pedersen BK. Is interleukin-6 receptor blockade the Holy Grail for inflammatory diseases? Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;87(4):396−398. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Febbraio MA, Rose-John S, Pedersen BK. Is interleukin-6 receptor blockade the Holy Grail for inflammatory diseases? Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;87(4):396−398. doi: 10.1038/clpt.2010.1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Younis S, Rosner I, Rimar D, Boulman N, Rozenbaum M, Odeh M, et al. Interleukin 6 blockade-associated weight gain with abdominal enlargement in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2013;19(1):48−49. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e31827cdda7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Younis S, Rosner I, Rimar D, Boulman N, Rozenbaum M, Odeh M, et al. Interleukin 6 blockade-associated weight gain with abdominal enlargement in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2013;19(1):48−49. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0b013e31827cdda7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choi I, Sagawa A, Lee E, Song WY. Tocilizumab increases body weight and serum adipokine levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis independently of their treatment response: A retrospective cohort study. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(22):e155. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e155</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choi I, Sagawa A, Lee E, Song WY. Tocilizumab increases body weight and serum adipokine levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis independently of their treatment response: A retrospective cohort study. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(22):e155. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e155</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ji C, Chen X, Gao C, Jiao L, Wang J, Xu G, et al. IL-6 induces lipolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction, but does not affect insulin-mediated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2011;43(4):367−375. doi: 10.1007/s10863-011-9361-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ji C, Chen X, Gao C, Jiao L, Wang J, Xu G, et al. IL-6 induces lipolysis and mitochondrial dysfunction, but does not affect insulin-mediated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Bioenerg Biomembr. 2011;43(4):367−375. doi: 10.1007/s10863-011-9361-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mauer J, Chaurasia B, Goldau J, Vogt MC, Ruud J, Nguyen KD, et al. Signaling by IL-6 promotes alternative activation of macro-phages to limit endotoxemia and obesity-associated resistance to insulin. Nat Immunol. 2014;15(5):423−430. doi: 10.1038/ni.2865</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mauer J, Chaurasia B, Goldau J, Vogt MC, Ruud J, Nguyen KD, et al. Signaling by IL-6 promotes alternative activation of macro-phages to limit endotoxemia and obesity-associated resistance to insulin. Nat Immunol. 2014;15(5):423−430. doi: 10.1038/ni.2865</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chen D, Chen Y, Hsieh T, Hsieh CW, Lin CC, Lan JL. Significant effects of biologic therapy on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0559-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chen D, Chen Y, Hsieh T, Hsieh CW, Lin CC, Lan JL. Significant effects of biologic therapy on lipid profiles and insulin resistance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0559-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gotsman I, Stabholz A, Planer D, Pugatsch T, Lapidus L, Novikov Y, et al. Serum cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 associated with the severity of coronary artery disease: Indicators of an active inflammatory burden? Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10(7):494−498.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gotsman I, Stabholz A, Planer D, Pugatsch T, Lapidus L, Novikov Y, et al. Serum cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 associated with the severity of coronary artery disease: Indicators of an active inflammatory burden? Isr Med Assoc J. 2008;10(7):494−498.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cheng HF, Feng Y, Jiang D, Tao KY, Kong MJ. Protective function of tocilizumab in human cardiac myocytes ischemia reperfusion injury. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015;8(1):48−52. doi: 10.1016/ S1995-7645(14)60186-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheng HF, Feng Y, Jiang D, Tao KY, Kong MJ. Protective function of tocilizumab in human cardiac myocytes ischemia reperfusion injury. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2015;8(1):48−52. doi: 10.1016/ S1995-7645(14)60186-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhao L, Cheng G, Jin R, Afzal MR, Samanta A, Xuan YT, et al. Deletion of interleukin-6 attenuates pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. Circ Res. 2016;118(12):1918−1929. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308688</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao L, Cheng G, Jin R, Afzal MR, Samanta A, Xuan YT, et al. Deletion of interleukin-6 attenuates pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. Circ Res. 2016;118(12):1918−1929. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308688</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C, Li Q, Yang H, Gao C, Du Q, Zhang C, et al. MMP9, CXCR1, TLR6, and MPO participant in the progression of coronary artery disease. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235(11):8283−8292. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29485</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang C, Li Q, Yang H, Gao C, Du Q, Zhang C, et al. MMP9, CXCR1, TLR6, and MPO participant in the progression of coronary artery disease. J Cell Physiol. 2020;235(11):8283−8292. doi: 10.1002/jcp.29485</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ridker PM. Targeting inflammatory pathways for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(9):540−543. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht398</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ridker PM. Targeting inflammatory pathways for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(9):540−543. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht398</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pauli N, Puchałowicz K, Kuligowska A, Krzystolik A, Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, et al. Associations between IL-6 and echo-parameters in patients with early onset coronary artery disease. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019;9(4):E189. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics9040189</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pauli N, Puchałowicz K, Kuligowska A, Krzystolik A, Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, et al. Associations between IL-6 and echo-parameters in patients with early onset coronary artery disease. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019;9(4):E189. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics9040189</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bories GFP, Leitinger N. Macrophage metabolism in atherosclerosis. FEBS Lett. 2017;591(19):3042−3060. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.12786</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bories GFP, Leitinger N. Macrophage metabolism in atherosclerosis. FEBS Lett. 2017;591(19):3042−3060. doi: 10.1002/1873-3468.12786</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
