<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2021-263-268</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3036</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ КОРОНОВИРУСНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ 2019</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEMS OF RHEUMATOLOGY DURING THE 2019 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Коронавирусная болезнь 19 (COVID-19) и остеопороз: проблемы ведения пациентов и влияние терапии остеопороза на частоту развития клинически манифестной инфекции</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Problems in patient management and the impact of osteoporosis therapy on the incidence of clinical infection</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0143-0614</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лесняк</surname><given-names>О. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lesnyak</surname><given-names>O. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41; 190068, СанктПетербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya str., 41; 190068, Saint Petersburg, Bolshaya Podyacheskaya str., 30</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6689-6941</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гладкова</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gladkova</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41; 190068, СанктПетербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya str., 41; 190068, Saint Petersburg, Bolshaya Podyacheskaya str., 30</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8188-1289</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зоткина</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zotkina</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190068, СанктПетербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30; 197341, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Аккуратова, 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>190068, Saint Petersburg, Bolshaya Podyacheskaya str., 30; 197341, Saint Petersburg, Akkuratova str., 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kira.zotkina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0888-8991</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Григорьева</surname><given-names>А. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grigoryeva</surname><given-names>A. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>190068, СанктПетербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>190068, Saint Petersburg, Bolshaya Podyacheskaya str., 30</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2923-9712</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафонова</surname><given-names>Ю. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safonova</surname><given-names>Yu. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41; 190068, СанктПетербург, ул. Большая Подъяческая, 30</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya str., 41; 190068, Saint Petersburg, Bolshaya Podyacheskaya str., 30</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2440-6959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>О. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>O. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya str., 41</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-5974</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Похазникова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pokhaznikova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>198015, Санкт-Петербург, ул. Кирочная, 41</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>191015, Saint-Petersburg, Kirochnaya str., 41</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России;&#13;
СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov;&#13;
Saint Petersburg Clinical Rheumatology Hospital N 25</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25»;&#13;
ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр им. В.А. Алмазова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Clinical Rheumatology Hospital N 25;&#13;
Almazov National Medical Research Centre</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>СПб ГБУЗ «Клиническая ревматологическая больница № 25»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Clinical Rheumatology Hospital N 25</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО «Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>263</fpage><lpage>268</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лесняк О.М., Гладкова Е.Н., Зоткина К.Е., Григорьева А.Л., Сафонова Ю.А., Кузнецова О.Ю., Похазникова М.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лесняк О.М., Гладкова Е.Н., Зоткина К.Е., Григорьева А.Л., Сафонова Ю.А., Кузнецова О.Ю., Похазникова М.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lesnyak O.M., Gladkova E.N., Zotkina K.E., Grigoryeva A.L., Safonova Y.A., Kuznetsova O.Y., Pokhaznikova M.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3036">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3036</self-uri><abstract><p>Отвлечение ресурсов здравоохранения в период пандемии COVID-19 от оказания плановой медицинской помощи, более тяжелое течение этой инфекции у пациентов старших возрастных групп обосновывают необходимость изучения влияния пандемии на ведение пациентов с остеопорозом (ОП).</p><p>Цель исследования – оценить влияние пандемии новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 на организацию помощи пациентам с остеопорозом, а также влияние приема антиостеопорозных препаратов на заболеваемость COVID-19.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено одномоментное исследование, включающее опрос и анализ амбулаторных карт 304 пациентов с ОП, которым была рекомендована терапия патогенетическими антиостеопорозными препаратами; средний возраст – 70,8±8,8 года. Подавляющее большинство пациентов получали бисфосфонаты в пероральной или парентеральной формах.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Проблемы со своевременным проведением денситометрии отметили 98 (32,8%) пациентов, проблемы со своевременным проведением лабораторных исследований – 91 (30,4%). 65 (22,1%) пациентов не смогли своевременно получить лекарственный препарат. Проблемы чаще встречались при использовании парентеральных средств (р=0,002). Кумулятивная заболеваемость COVID-19 составила 12,2%, что в 2 раза выше по сравнению с популяционной. Отмечена тенденция к меньшей частоте развития подтвержденной инфекции SARS-СoV-2 при лечении деносумабом и золедроновой кислотой. Случаи COVID-19 не ассоциировались ни с дозой витамина D, ни с уровнем 25(ОН)D.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. В период пандемии COVID-19 отмечается существенное снижение качества оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с ОП, что не может не привести в будущем к новой эпидемии – эпидемии низкоэнергетических переломов. Наши данные подтвердили предрасположенность старших возрастных групп к более высокой заболеваемости COVID-19. Однако не зарегистрировано отчетливой ассоциации терапии ОП с риском развития клинических проявлений COVID-19.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The global diversion of health resources during the COVID-19 pandemic from the provision of routine medical care, and the more frequent and severe course of this infection in older patients justify the need to study the impact of the pandemic on the management of patients with osteoporosis.</p><p>Aim – to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of patients with osteoporosis, as well as the impact of anti-osteoporotic drugs on the incidence of COVID-19.</p><sec><title>Material and methods</title><p>Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including a telephone survey and analysis of outpatient records of 304 patients with osteoporosis, who were recommended therapy with anti-osteoporotic medications. The average age was 70.8±8.8 years. The vast majority of patients took bisphosphonates in oral or parenteral forms.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Problems with the timely conduct of laboratory tests were noted by 91 (30.4%) subjects, DXA testing – 98 (32.8%). 65 (22.1%) were unable to receive the drug in a timely manner. Problems were more common when taking parenteral drugs (p=0.002). The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 12.2%, which is twice as high as in the population. There was a tendency to a lower incidence of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection when treated with denosumab or zoledronic acid. COVID-19 cases were not associated with either a vitamin D dose or a 25(OH)D level.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a significant decline in the quality of medical care for patients with osteoporosis, which cannot but lead to a new epidemic in the future – an epidemic of low-energy fractures. Our data confirmed the predisposition of older age groups to a higher incidence of COVID-19. However, there is no clear association of osteoporosis therapy with the risk of developing clinical manifestations of COVID-19.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>остеопороз</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>деносумаб</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>osteoporosis</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>denosumab</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коронавирус COVID-19: официальная информация о коронавирусе в России. URL: https://стопкоронавирус.рф (Дата доступа: 05.03.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">COVID-19: Official information about coronavirus in Russia (In Russ.) URL: https://стопкоронавирус.рф (Дата доступа: 05.03.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fuggle NR, Singer A, Gill C, Patel A, Medeiros A, Mlotek AS, et al. How has COVID-19 affected the treatment of osteoporosis? An IOF-NOF-ESCEO global survey. Osteoporos Int. 2021:1-7. doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05793-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fuggle NR, Singer A, Gill C, Patel A, Medeiros A, Mlotek AS, et al. How has COVID-19 affected the treatment of osteoporosis? An IOF-NOF-ESCEO global survey. Osteoporos Int. 2021:1-7. doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05793-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singer AJ, Fuggle NR, Gill CB, Patel AR, Medeiros AP, Greenspan SL. COVID-19 and effects on osteoporosis management: The patient perspective from a National Osteoporosis Foundation survey. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(4):619-622. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05836-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singer AJ, Fuggle NR, Gill CB, Patel AR, Medeiros AP, Greenspan SL. COVID-19 and effects on osteoporosis management: The patient perspective from a National Osteoporosis Foundation survey. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(4):619-622. doi: 10.1007/s00198-021-05836-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Liu E, et al. Global impact of COVID-19 on noncommunicable disease management: Descriptive analysis of access to FRAX fracture risk online tool for prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(1):39-46. doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05542-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McCloskey EV, Harvey NC, Johansson H, Lorentzon M, Vandenput L, Liu E, et al. Global impact of COVID-19 on noncommunicable disease management: Descriptive analysis of access to FRAX fracture risk online tool for prevention of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2021;32(1):39-46. doi: 10.1007/s00198-020-05542-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bone HG, Bolognese MA, Yuen CK, Kendler DL, Miller PD, Yang YC, et al. Effects of denosumab treatment and discontinuation on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(4):972-980.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bone HG, Bolognese MA, Yuen CK, Kendler DL, Miller PD, Yang YC, et al. Effects of denosumab treatment and discontinuation on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women with low bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(4):972-980.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cummings SR, Ferrari S, Eastell R, Gilchrist N, Jensen JB, McClung M, et al. Vertebral fractures after discontinuation of denosumab: A post hoc analysis of the randomized placebocontrolled FREEDOM trial and its extension. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(2):190-198.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cummings SR, Ferrari S, Eastell R, Gilchrist N, Jensen JB, McClung M, et al. Vertebral fractures after discontinuation of denosumab: A post hoc analysis of the randomized placebocontrolled FREEDOM trial and its extension. J Bone Miner Res. 2018;33(2):190-198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yu EW, Tsourdi E, Clarke BL, Bauer DC, Drake MT. Osteoporosis management in the era of COVID-19. J Bone Miner Res. 2020;35(6):1009-1013. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4049</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yu EW, Tsourdi E, Clarke BL, Bauer DC, Drake MT. Osteoporosis management in the era of COVID-19. J Bone Miner Res. 2020;35(6):1009-1013. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.4049</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">COVID-19 и остеопороз URL: http://www.osteoporoz.ru/press-tsentr/novosti/novosti-patsientam/2763-covid-19-i-osteoporoz (Дата доступа: 05.03.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">COVID-19 and osteoporosis. URL: http://www.osteoporoz.ru/press-tsentr/novosti/novosti-patsientam/2763-covid-19-i-osteoporoz (Дата доступа: 05.03.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osteoporosis and COVID-19. URL: https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/osteoporosis-and-covid19 (Accessed: 5th March 2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osteoporosis and COVID-19. URL: https://www.osteoporosis.foundation/osteoporosis-and-covid19 (Accessed: 5th March 2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Peeters JJM, van den Berg P, van den Bergh JP, EmmelotVonk MH, de Klerk G, Lems WF, et al. Osteoporosis care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands: A national survey. Arch Osteoporos. 2021;16(1):11. doi: 10.1007/s11657-020-00856-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Peeters JJM, van den Berg P, van den Bergh JP, EmmelotVonk MH, de Klerk G, Lems WF, et al. Osteoporosis care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands: A national survey. Arch Osteoporos. 2021;16(1):11. doi: 10.1007/s11657-020-00856-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Драпкина ОМ, Дроздова ЛЮ, Бойцов СА, Булгакова ЕС, Иванова ЕС, Куняева ТА, и др. Временные методические рекомендации «Оказание амбулаторно-поликлинической медицинской помощи пациентам с хроническими заболеваниями, подлежащими диспансерному наблюдению, в условиях пандемии COVID-19». Профилактическая медицина. 2020;23(3-2):4-41. doi: 10.17116/profmed2020230324</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Drapkina OM, Drozdova LYu, Boitsov SA, Bulgakova ES, Ivanova ES, Kunyaeva TA, et al. Temporary guidelines “Provision of outpatient medical care to patients with chronic diseases subject to dispensary monitoring in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic”. Profilakticheskaya meditsina = Preventive medicine. 2020;23(3-2):4-41 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/profmed2020230324</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Penning-van Beest FJ, Erkens JA, Herings RM. Loss of treatment benefit due to low compliance with bisphosphonate therapy. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(4):511-517. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0466-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Penning-van Beest FJ, Erkens JA, Herings RM. Loss of treatment benefit due to low compliance with bisphosphonate therapy. Osteoporos Int. 2008;19(4):511-517. doi: 10.1007/s00198-007-0466-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kendler D, Chines A, Clark P, Ebeling PR, McClung M, Rhee Y, et al. Bone mineral density after transitioning from denosumab to alendronate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(3):e255-e264.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kendler D, Chines A, Clark P, Ebeling PR, McClung M, Rhee Y, et al. Bone mineral density after transitioning from denosumab to alendronate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(3):e255-e264.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коронавирус: статистика URL: https://yandex.ru/covid19/stat?utm_source=main_graph&amp;utm_source=main_notif&amp;geoId=10174 (Дата доступа: 05.03.2021).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coronavirus: statistics. URL: https://yandex.ru/covid19/stat?utm_source=main_graph&amp;utm_source=main_notif&amp;geoId=10174 (Дата доступа: 05.03.2021).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blanch-Rubió J, Soldevila-Domenech N, Tío L, LlorenteOnaindia J, Ciria-Recasens M, Polino L, et al. Influence of anti-osteoporosis treatments on the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with non-inflammatory rheumatic conditions. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(20):19923-19937. doi: 10.18632/aging.104117</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blanch-Rubió J, Soldevila-Domenech N, Tío L, LlorenteOnaindia J, Ciria-Recasens M, Polino L, et al. Influence of anti-osteoporosis treatments on the incidence of COVID-19 in patients with non-inflammatory rheumatic conditions. Aging (Albany NY). 2020;12(20):19923-19937. doi: 10.18632/aging.104117</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diker-Cohen T, Rosenberg D, Avni T, Shepshelovich D, Tsvetov G, Gafter-Gvili A. Risk for infections during treatment with denosumab for osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(5):dgz322. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz322</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diker-Cohen T, Rosenberg D, Avni T, Shepshelovich D, Tsvetov G, Gafter-Gvili A. Risk for infections during treatment with denosumab for osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020;105(5):dgz322. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgz322</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chiu YG, Ritchlin CT. Denosumab: Targeting the RANKL pathway to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017;17:119-128. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1263614</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chiu YG, Ritchlin CT. Denosumab: Targeting the RANKL pathway to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017;17:119-128. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1263614</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Tamai R, Kiyoura Y. Beyond bone remodeling-emerging functions of osteoprotegerin in host defense and microbial infection. Integr Mol Med. 2015;2:384-390. doi: 10.15761/IMM.1000173</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kobayashi-Sakamoto M, Tamai R, Kiyoura Y. Beyond bone remodeling-emerging functions of osteoprotegerin in host defense and microbial infection. Integr Mol Med. 2015;2:384-390. doi: 10.15761/IMM.1000173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brufsky A, Marti JL, Nasrazadani A, Lotze MT. Boning up: amino-bisphophonates as immunostimulants and endosomal disruptors of dendritic cell in SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Transl Med. 2020;18:261. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02433-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brufsky A, Marti JL, Nasrazadani A, Lotze MT. Boning up: amino-bisphophonates as immunostimulants and endosomal disruptors of dendritic cell in SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Transl Med. 2020;18:261. doi: 10.1186/s12967-020-02433-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Migliore A, Massafra U, Capuano A, Martin SM. Combined use of teriparatide and TNFalpha blockade: safety. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2007;19(3 Suppl):18-20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Migliore A, Massafra U, Capuano A, Martin SM. Combined use of teriparatide and TNFalpha blockade: safety. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2007;19(3 Suppl):18-20.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bilezikian JP, Bikle D, Hewison M, Lazaretti-Castro M, Formenti AM, Gupta A, et al. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Vitamin D and COVID-19. Eur J Endocrinol. 2020;183(5):R133-R147. doi: 10.1530/EJE-20-0665</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bilezikian JP, Bikle D, Hewison M, Lazaretti-Castro M, Formenti AM, Gupta A, et al. Mechanisms in endocrinology: Vitamin D and COVID-19. Eur J Endocrinol. 2020;183(5):R133-R147. doi: 10.1530/EJE-20-0665</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
