<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2021-442-449</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3062</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЗОРЫ И ЛЕКЦИИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>REVIEWS AND LECTURES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Значение ультразвукового исследования слюнных желез при болезни Шегрена</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ultrasound examination of the salivary glands in Sjogren’s disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торгашина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torgashina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Российская Федерация, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>115522, Russian Federation, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anna.torgashina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>09</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>59</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>442</fpage><lpage>449</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Торгашина А.В., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Торгашина А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Torgashina A.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3062">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3062</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье обсуждается значение ультразвукового исследования (УЗИ) слюнных желез для диагностики болезни Шегрена, а также для оценки ее активности. Дана характеристика основных ультразвуковых признаков поражения слюнных желез и патогенетических механизмов возникновения этих изменений. Представлены результаты исследований динамики ультразвуковых показателей как у больных, не получающих лечения, так и на фоне различных методов терапии. Также в работе приведены основные данные по роли УЗИ в дифференциальной диагностике заболеваний, протекающих с поражением слюнных желез.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the importance of ultrasound examination of the salivary glands in Sjogren’s disease for the diagnosis, as well as for assessing the activity of the disease. The characteristics of the main ultrasound changes in the salivary glands and the pathogenetic reasons of these changes are given. The results of studies of the dynamics of changes in ultrasound parameters both in patients not receiving treatment and in the presence of various methods of therapy are presented. The paper also provides basic data on the role of ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of diseases involving the salivary glands.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сиаладенит</kwd><kwd>болезнь Шегрена</kwd><kwd>сухой синдром</kwd><kwd>слюнные железы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sialadenitis</kwd><kwd>Sjögren’s disease</kwd><kwd>sicca syndrome</kwd><kwd>salivary glands</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patel R, Shahane A. The epidemiology of Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:247-55. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S47399</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patel R, Shahane A. The epidemiology of Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:247-55. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S47399</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barbosa EC, Corrêa Lindoso JB, Conde NC, Souza Passos LF, Euzébio Ribeiro SL, Câmara J, et al. Oral manifestations and histopathology of minor salivary gland from patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome and its diagnosis in a public health system. Rev Bras Odontol. 2016;73(4):297-304. doi: 10.18363/rbo.v73n4.p.297</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barbosa EC, Corrêa Lindoso JB, Conde NC, Souza Passos LF, Euzébio Ribeiro SL, Câmara J, et al. Oral manifestations and histopathology of minor salivary gland from patients with Sjögren’s Syndrome and its diagnosis in a public health system. Rev Bras Odontol. 2016;73(4):297-304. doi: 10.18363/rbo.v73n4.p.297</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Napenas J. Oral manifestation of systemic deseases. Dermatol Clin. 2020;38(4):495-505. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2020.05.010</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Napenas J. Oral manifestation of systemic deseases. Dermatol Clin. 2020;38(4):495-505. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2020.05.010</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сафонова ТН, Васильев ВИ, Лихванцева ВГ. Синдром Шегрена: Руководство для врачей. М.: Издательство Московского университета;2013:600.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Safonova TN, Vasilyev VI, Lihvantseva VG. Sjogren’s syndrome: Guideline for Physicians. Moscow: Moscow University Press;2013:600 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shiboski CH, Shiboski SC, Seror R, Criswell LA, Labetoulle M, Lietman TM, et al. International Sjögren’s Syndrome Criteria Working Group. 2016 American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: A consensus and data-driven methodology involving three international patient cohorts. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(1):35-45. doi: 10.1002/art.39859</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shiboski CH, Shiboski SC, Seror R, Criswell LA, Labetoulle M, Lietman TM, et al. International Sjögren’s Syndrome Criteria Working Group. 2016 American College of Rheumatology/ European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria for primary Sjögren’s Syndrome: A consensus and data-driven methodology involving three international patient cohorts. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017;69(1):35-45. doi: 10.1002/art.39859</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bradus RJ, Hybarger P, Gooding GW. Parotid gland: US findings in Sjögren syndrome. Work in progress. Radiology. 1988;169:749-751. doi: 10.1148/radiology.169.3.3055038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bradus RJ, Hybarger P, Gooding GW. Parotid gland: US findings in Sjögren syndrome. Work in progress. Radiology. 1988;169:749-751. doi: 10.1148/radiology.169.3.3055038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kawamura H, Taniguchi N, Itoh K, Kano S. Salivary gland echography in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(4):505-510. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330407</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kawamura H, Taniguchi N, Itoh K, Kano S. Salivary gland echography in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheum. 1990;33(4):505-510. doi: 10.1002/art.1780330407</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bialek EJ. US of the major salivary glands: anatomy and spatial relationships, pathologic conditions, and pitfalls. Radiographics. 2006;26(3):745-763. doi: 10.1148/rg.263055024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bialek EJ. US of the major salivary glands: anatomy and spatial relationships, pathologic conditions, and pitfalls. Radiographics. 2006;26(3):745-763. doi: 10.1148/rg.263055024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zengel P, Schrotzlmair F, Reichel C, Paprottka P, Clevert DA. Sonography: The leading diagnostic tool for diseases of the salivary glands. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI. 2013;34:196-203. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2012.11.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zengel P, Schrotzlmair F, Reichel C, Paprottka P, Clevert DA. Sonography: The leading diagnostic tool for diseases of the salivary glands. Semin Ultrasound CT MRI. 2013;34:196-203. doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2012.11.012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saied F, Włodkowska-Korytkowska M, Maślińska M, Kwiatkowska B, Kunisz W, Smorawińska P, et al. The usefulness of ultrasound in the diagnostics of Sjögren’s syndrome. J Ultrasonography. 2013;13:202-211. doi: 10.15557/JoU.2013.0020</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saied F, Włodkowska-Korytkowska M, Maślińska M, Kwiatkowska B, Kunisz W, Smorawińska P, et al. The usefulness of ultrasound in the diagnostics of Sjögren’s syndrome. J Ultrasonography. 2013;13:202-211. doi: 10.15557/JoU.2013.0020</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Васильев ВИ, Гайдук ИВ, Пальшина СГ, Городецкий ВР, Сокол ЕВ, Родионова ЕБ, и др. Первичные онкогематологические заболевания, дебютирующие с поражения больших слюнных желез в ревматологической практике. Современная ревматология. 2019;13(1):44-51.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilyev VI, Gaiduk IV, Palshina SG, Gorodetsky VR, Sokol EV, Rodionova EB, et al. Primary hematologic malignancies with the onset of involvement of the major salivary glands in rheumatologic practice. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(1):44-51 (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2019-1-44-51</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wernicke D, Hess H, Gromnica-Ihle E, Krause A, Schmidt WA. Ultrasonography of salivary glands – a highly specific imaging procedure for diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:285-293.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wernicke D, Hess H, Gromnica-Ihle E, Krause A, Schmidt WA. Ultrasonography of salivary glands – a highly specific imaging procedure for diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome. J Rheumatol. 2008;35:285-293.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milic VD, Petrovic RR, Boricic IV, Radunovic GL, Pejnovic NN, Soldatovic I, et al. Major salivary gland sonography in Sjögren’s syndrome: Diagnostic value of a novel ultrasonography score (0–12) for parenchymal inhomogeneity. Scand J Rheumatol. 2010;39:160-166. doi: 10.3109/03009740903270623</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milic VD, Petrovic RR, Boricic IV, Radunovic GL, Pejnovic NN, Soldatovic I, et al. Major salivary gland sonography in Sjögren’s syndrome: Diagnostic value of a novel ultrasonography score (0–12) for parenchymal inhomogeneity. Scand J Rheumatol. 2010;39:160-166. doi: 10.3109/03009740903270623</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Vita S, Lorenzon G, Rossi G, Sabella M, Fossaluzza V. Salivary gland echography in primary and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992;10:351-356.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Vita S, Lorenzon G, Rossi G, Sabella M, Fossaluzza V. Salivary gland echography in primary and secondary Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1992;10:351-356.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nocturne G, Virone A, Ng W-F, Le Guern V, Hachulla E, Cornec D, et al. Rheumatoid factor and disease activity are independent predictors of lymphoma in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:977-985. doi: 10.1002/art.39518</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nocturne G, Virone A, Ng W-F, Le Guern V, Hachulla E, Cornec D, et al. Rheumatoid factor and disease activity are independent predictors of lymphoma in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:977-985. doi: 10.1002/art.39518</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Seror R, Bowman SJ, Brito-Zeron P, Theander E, Bootsma H, Tzioufas A, et al. EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI): A user guide. RMD Open. 2015;1:e000022. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2014-000022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Seror R, Bowman SJ, Brito-Zeron P, Theander E, Bootsma H, Tzioufas A, et al. EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI): A user guide. RMD Open. 2015;1:e000022. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2014-000022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Marteau P, Cornec D, Gouillou M, Jousse-Joulin S, Guellec D, Costa S, et al. Assessment of major salivary gland size in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Comparison between clinical examination and ultrasonography. Joint Bone Spine. 2019;86:627-632. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.01.025</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Marteau P, Cornec D, Gouillou M, Jousse-Joulin S, Guellec D, Costa S, et al. Assessment of major salivary gland size in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Comparison between clinical examination and ultrasonography. Joint Bone Spine. 2019;86:627-632. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2019.01.025</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salaffi F, Carotti M, Iagnocco A, Luccioli F, Ramonda R, Sabatini E, et al. Ultrasonography of salivary glands in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: A comparison with contrast sialography and scintigraphy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:1244. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken222</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salaffi F, Carotti M, Iagnocco A, Luccioli F, Ramonda R, Sabatini E, et al. Ultrasonography of salivary glands in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: A comparison with contrast sialography and scintigraphy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008;47:1244. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken222</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takagi Y, Kimura Y, Nakamura H, Sasaki M, Eguchi K, Nakamura T. Salivary gland ultrasonography: can it be an alternative to sialography as an imaging modality for Sjogren’s syndrome? Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:1321-1324. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.123836</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takagi Y, Kimura Y, Nakamura H, Sasaki M, Eguchi K, Nakamura T. Salivary gland ultrasonography: can it be an alternative to sialography as an imaging modality for Sjogren’s syndrome? Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:1321-1324. doi: 10.1136/ard.2009.123836</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Obinata K, Sato T, Ohmori K, Shindo M, Nakamura M. A comparison of diagnostic tools for Sjögren syndrome, with emphasis on sialography, histopathology, and ultrasonography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109:129-134. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.08.033</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Obinata K, Sato T, Ohmori K, Shindo M, Nakamura M. A comparison of diagnostic tools for Sjögren syndrome, with emphasis on sialography, histopathology, and ultrasonography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2010;109:129-134. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.08.033</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chikui T, Shimizu M, Kawazu T, Okamura K, Shiraishi T, Yoshiura K. A quantitative analysis of sonographic images of the salivary gland: A comparison between sonographic and sialographic findings. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2009;35:1257-1264 doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.03.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chikui T, Shimizu M, Kawazu T, Okamura K, Shiraishi T, Yoshiura K. A quantitative analysis of sonographic images of the salivary gland: A comparison between sonographic and sialographic findings. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2009;35:1257-1264 doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2009.03.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luciano N, Baldini C, Tarantini G, Ferro F, Sernissi F, Varanini V, et al. Ultrasonography of major salivary glands: A highly specific tool for distinguishing primary Sjögren’s syndrome from undifferentiated connective tissue diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:2198-2204. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev253</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luciano N, Baldini C, Tarantini G, Ferro F, Sernissi F, Varanini V, et al. Ultrasonography of major salivary glands: A highly specific tool for distinguishing primary Sjögren’s syndrome from undifferentiated connective tissue diseases. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:2198-2204. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev253</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Milic V, Petrovic R, Boricic I, Radunovic G, Marinkovic-Eric J, Jeremic P, et al. Ultrasonography of major salivary glands could be an alternative tool to sialoscintigraphy in the American-European classification criteria for primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51:1081-1085. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker431</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Milic V, Petrovic R, Boricic I, Radunovic G, Marinkovic-Eric J, Jeremic P, et al. Ultrasonography of major salivary glands could be an alternative tool to sialoscintigraphy in the American-European classification criteria for primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51:1081-1085. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker431</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S, Pers JO, Marhadour T, Cochener B, Boisramé-Gastrin S, et al. Contribution of salivary gland ultrasonography to the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome: Toward new diagnostic criteria? Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:216-225. doi: 10.1002/art.37698</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S, Pers JO, Marhadour T, Cochener B, Boisramé-Gastrin S, et al. Contribution of salivary gland ultrasonography to the diagnosis of Sjögren’s syndrome: Toward new diagnostic criteria? Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:216-225. doi: 10.1002/art.37698</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S, Marhadour T, Pers JO, Boisramé- Gastrin S, Renaudineau Y, et al. Salivary gland ultrasonography improves the diagnostic performance of the 2012 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53:1604-1607. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu037</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S, Marhadour T, Pers JO, Boisramé- Gastrin S, Renaudineau Y, et al. Salivary gland ultrasonography improves the diagnostic performance of the 2012 American College of Rheumatology classification criteria for Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53:1604-1607. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu037</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theander E, Mandl T. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Diagnostic and prognostic value of salivary gland ultrasonography using a simplified scoring system. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66:1102-1107. doi: 10.1002/acr.22264</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theander E, Mandl T. Primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Diagnostic and prognostic value of salivary gland ultrasonography using a simplified scoring system. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66:1102-1107. doi: 10.1002/acr.22264</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baldini C, Luciano N, Tarantini G, Pascale R, Sernissi F, Mosca M, et al. Salivary gland ultrasonography: A highly specific tool for the early diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:146. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0657-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baldini C, Luciano N, Tarantini G, Pascale R, Sernissi F, Mosca M, et al. Salivary gland ultrasonography: A highly specific tool for the early diagnosis of primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Res Ther. 2015;17:146. doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0657-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chikui T, Yonetsu K, Izumi M, Eguchi K, Nakamura T. Abnormal blood flow to the submandibular glands of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: Doppler waveform analysis. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1222-1228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chikui T, Yonetsu K, Izumi M, Eguchi K, Nakamura T. Abnormal blood flow to the submandibular glands of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome: Doppler waveform analysis. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1222-1228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martinoli C, Derchi LE, Solbiati L, Rizzatto G, Silvestri E, Giannoni M. Color Doppler sonography of salivary glands. Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163:933-941. doi: 10.2214/ajr.163.4.8092039</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martinoli C, Derchi LE, Solbiati L, Rizzatto G, Silvestri E, Giannoni M. Color Doppler sonography of salivary glands. Am J Roentgenol. 1994;163:933-941. doi: 10.2214/ajr.163.4.8092039</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ralls PW, Mayekawa DS, Lee KP, Colletti PM, Radin DR, Boswell WD, et al. Color flow Doppler sonography in Graves disease: “thyroid inferno”. Am J Roentgenol. 1988;150:781-784. doi: 10.2214/ajr.150.4.781</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ralls PW, Mayekawa DS, Lee KP, Colletti PM, Radin DR, Boswell WD, et al. Color flow Doppler sonography in Graves disease: “thyroid inferno”. Am J Roentgenol. 1988;150:781-784. doi: 10.2214/ajr.150.4.781</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee KA, Lee SH, Kim HR. Diagnostic and predictive evaluation using salivary gland ultrasonography in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018;36(Suppl 112):165-172.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee KA, Lee SH, Kim HR. Diagnostic and predictive evaluation using salivary gland ultrasonography in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2018;36(Suppl 112):165-172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carotti M, Salaffi F, Manganelli P, Argalia G. Ultrasonography and colour doppler sonography of salivary glands in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20:213-219. doi: 10.21037/gs.2019.05.03</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carotti M, Salaffi F, Manganelli P, Argalia G. Ultrasonography and colour doppler sonography of salivary glands in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2001;20:213-219. doi: 10.21037/gs.2019.05.03</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shimizu M, Okamura K, Yoshiura K, Ohyama Y, Nakamura S. Sonographic diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome: evaluation of parotid gland vascularity as a diagnostic tool. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106:587-594. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.11.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shimizu M, Okamura K, Yoshiura K, Ohyama Y, Nakamura S. Sonographic diagnosis of Sjögren syndrome: evaluation of parotid gland vascularity as a diagnostic tool. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;106:587-594. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.11.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Song GG, Lee YH. Diagnostic accuracies of sialography and salivary ultrasonography in Sjögren’s syndrome patients: A meta-analysis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32:516-522.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Song GG, Lee YH. Diagnostic accuracies of sialography and salivary ultrasonography in Sjögren’s syndrome patients: A meta-analysis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014;32:516-522.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delli K, Dijkstra PU, Stel AJ, Bootsma H, Vissink A, Spijkervet FK. Diagnostic properties of ultrasound of major salivary glands in Sjögren’s syndrome: A meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2015;21:792-800. doi: 10.1111/odi.12349</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delli K, Dijkstra PU, Stel AJ, Bootsma H, Vissink A, Spijkervet FK. Diagnostic properties of ultrasound of major salivary glands in Sjögren’s syndrome: A meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2015;21:792-800. doi: 10.1111/odi.12349</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takagi Y, Sumi M, Nakamura H, Sato S, Kawakami A, Nakamura T. Salivary gland ultrasonography as a primary imaging tool for predicting efficacy of xerostomia treatment in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55:237-245. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev278</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takagi Y, Sumi M, Nakamura H, Sato S, Kawakami A, Nakamura T. Salivary gland ultrasonography as a primary imaging tool for predicting efficacy of xerostomia treatment in patients with Sjögren’s syndrome. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55:237-245. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev278</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">El Miedany YM, Ahmed I, Mourad HG, Mehanna AN, Aty SA, Gamal HM, et al. Quantitative ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid gland: Can they replace the histopathologic studies in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome? Joint Bone Spine. 2004;71:29-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2003.04.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">El Miedany YM, Ahmed I, Mourad HG, Mehanna AN, Aty SA, Gamal HM, et al. Quantitative ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid gland: Can they replace the histopathologic studies in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome? Joint Bone Spine. 2004;71:29-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2003.04.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhang X, Zhang S, He J, Hu F, Liu H, Li J, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of major salivary glands in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Comparison of two scoring systems. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:1680-1687. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev103</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhang X, Zhang S, He J, Hu F, Liu H, Li J, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of major salivary glands in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Comparison of two scoring systems. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:1680-1687. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev103</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gazeau P, Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S. Time-course of ultrasound abnormalities of major salivary glands in suspected Sjögren’s syndrome. Joint Bone Spine. 2018;85(2):227-232. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.02.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gazeau P, Cornec D, Jousse-Joulin S. Time-course of ultrasound abnormalities of major salivary glands in suspected Sjögren’s syndrome. Joint Bone Spine. 2018;85(2):227-232. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.02.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lee KA, Lee SH, Kim HR. Ultrasonographic changes of major salivary glands in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. J Clin Med. 2020;9:803-813. doi: 10.3390/jcm9030803</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lee KA, Lee SH, Kim HR. Ultrasonographic changes of major salivary glands in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. J Clin Med. 2020;9:803-813. doi: 10.3390/jcm9030803</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hocevar A, Ambrozic A, Rozman B, Kveder T, Tomsic M. Ultrasonographic changes of major salivary glands in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Diagnostic value of a novel scoring system. Rheumatology. 2005;44:768-772. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh588</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hocevar A, Ambrozic A, Rozman B, Kveder T, Tomsic M. Ultrasonographic changes of major salivary glands in primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Diagnostic value of a novel scoring system. Rheumatology. 2005;44:768-772. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keh588</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jousse-Joulin S, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Morvan J, Guias B, Pennec Y, Pers JO, et al. Ultrasound assessments of salivary glands in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome treated with rituximab: Quantitative and Doppler wave analysis. Biologics. 2007;1:311-319.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jousse-Joulin S, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Morvan J, Guias B, Pennec Y, Pers JO, et al. Ultrasound assessments of salivary glands in patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome treated with rituximab: Quantitative and Doppler wave analysis. Biologics. 2007;1:311-319.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jousse-Joulin S, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Morvan J, Guias B, Pennec Y, Pers JO, et al. Brief report: ultrasonographic assessment of salivary gland response to rituximab in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:1623–1628. doi: 10.1002/art.39088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jousse-Joulin S, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Morvan J, Guias B, Pennec Y, Pers JO, et al. Brief report: ultrasonographic assessment of salivary gland response to rituximab in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:1623–1628. doi: 10.1002/art.39088</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fisher BA, Everett CC, Rout J, O’Dwyer JL, Emery P, Pitzalis C, et al. Effect of rituximab on a salivary gland ultrasound score in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: Results of the TRACTISS randomised double-blind multicentre substudy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77:412-416. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fisher BA, Everett CC, Rout J, O’Dwyer JL, Emery P, Pitzalis C, et al. Effect of rituximab on a salivary gland ultrasound score in primary Sjogren’s syndrome: Results of the TRACTISS randomised double-blind multicentre substudy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018;77:412-416. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-212268</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jousse-Joulin S, Nowak E, Cornec D, Brown J, Carr A, Carotti M, et al. Salivary gland ultrasound abnormalities in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Consensual US-SG core items definition and reliability. RMD Open. 2017;3:e000364. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000364</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jousse-Joulin S, Nowak E, Cornec D, Brown J, Carr A, Carotti M, et al. Salivary gland ultrasound abnormalities in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: Consensual US-SG core items definition and reliability. RMD Open. 2017;3:e000364. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000364</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Delli K, Arends S, van Nimwegen JF, Dijkstra PU, Stel AJ, Spijkervet FKL, et al. Ultrasound of the major salivary glands is a reliable imaging technique in patients with clinically suspected primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Ultraschall Med. 2018;39(3):328-333. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-104631</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Delli K, Arends S, van Nimwegen JF, Dijkstra PU, Stel AJ, Spijkervet FKL, et al. Ultrasound of the major salivary glands is a reliable imaging technique in patients with clinically suspected primary Sjogren’s syndrome. Ultraschall Med. 2018;39(3):328-333. doi: 10.1055/s-0043-104631</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Торгашина АВ. Дифференциальная диагностика бактериального сиалоаденита в практике ревматолога: описание клинического случая. Современная ревматология. 2019;13(1):86-90.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torgashina AV. Differential diagnosis of bacterial sialadenitis in a rheumatologist’s practice: a case report. Modern Rheumatology Journal. 2019;13(1):86-90 (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1996-7012-2019-1-86-90</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Razek AAK, Mukherji S. Imaging of sialadenitis. Neuroradiol J. 2017;30(3):205-215. doi: 10.1177/1971400916682752</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Razek AAK, Mukherji S. Imaging of sialadenitis. Neuroradiol J. 2017;30(3):205-215. doi: 10.1177/1971400916682752</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
