rspНаучно-практическая ревматологияRheumatology Science and Practice1995-44841995-4492IMA-PRESS, LLC10.47360/1995-4484-2021-666-675rsp-3097Research ArticleПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ КОРОНОВИРУСНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ 2019PROBLEMS OF RHEUMATOLOGY DURING THE 2019 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMICТечение и исходы COVID-19 у пациентов с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями: предварительные данные регистра НИИР/АРР-COVID-19 и обзор литературыCourse and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases: Preliminary data from the NIIR/APP-COVID-19 registry and literature reviewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-8360НасоновЕ. Л.NasonovE. L.

Насонов Евгений Львович.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а; 119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2.

Evgeny L. Nasonov.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A; 119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2.

nasonov@irramn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7091-2054БеловБ. С.BelovB. S.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а.

Boris S. Belov.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080ЛилаА. М.LilaA. M.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а; 125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1.

Aleksander M. Lila.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A; 125993, Moscow, Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, building 1.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1833-5357АроноваЕ. С.AronovaE. S.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а.

Evgeniya S. Aronova.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-3911ГридневаГ. И.GridnevaG. I.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а.

Galina I. Gridneva.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-432XКудрявцеваА. В.KudryavtsevaA. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а.

Anastasia V. Kudryavtseva.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-9361СоколЕ. В.SokolE. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а.

Evgeniya V. Sokol.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2107ТоргашинаА. В.TorgashinaA. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а.

Anna V. Torgashina.

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5052-912XВиноградоваИ. Б.VinogradovaI. B.

432017, Ульяновск, ул. Третьего Интернационала, 7.

Irina B. Vinogradova.

432017, Ulyanovsk, Tretyego Internatsionala str., 7.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-2725АбдулганиеваД. И.AbdulganievaD. I.

420012, Казань, ул. Бутлерова, 49.

Diana I. Abdulganieva.

420012, Kazan, Burlerova str., 49.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9497-5834ЗименкоА. Ю.ZimenkoA. Yu.

628408, Сургут, ул. Энергетиков, 24, корп. 2.

Anna Yu. Zimenko.

628408, Surgut, Energetikov str., 24, korpus 2.

Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой; Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University)Russian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. НасоновойРоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of RheumatologyRussian FederationНаучно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой; Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования Минздрава РоссииРоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationRussian FederationУльяновская областная клиническая больницаРоссияUlyanovsk Regional Clinical HospitalRussian FederationКазанский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава РоссииРоссияKazan State Medical UniversityRussian FederationСургутская окружная клиническая больницаРоссияSurgut Regional Clinical HospitalRussian Federation202126122021596666675Copyright © Насонов Е.Л., Белов Б.С., Лила А.М., Аронова Е.С., Гриднева Г.И., Кудрявцева А.В., Сокол Е.В., Торгашина А.В., Виноградова И.Б., Абдулганиева Д.И., Зименко А.Ю., 20212021Насонов Е.Л., Белов Б.С., Лила А.М., Аронова Е.С., Гриднева Г.И., Кудрявцева А.В., Сокол Е.В., Торгашина А.В., Виноградова И.Б., Абдулганиева Д.И., Зименко А.Ю.Nasonov E.L., Belov B.S., Lila A.M., Aronova E.S., Gridneva G.I., Kudryavtseva A.V., Sokol E.V., Torgashina A.V., Vinogradova I.B., Abdulganieva D.I., Zimenko A.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3097

Представлены материалы Российской базы данных НИИР/АРР-С0УГО-19, включавшей взрослых (старше 18 лет) пациентов с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями (ИВРЗ), перенесших COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), и обзор литературы, касающийся течения и исходов COVID-19 у пациентов с этими заболеваниями. С 17 июля 2020 г. по 23 апреля 2021 г. было получено и проанализировано 156 сообщений. Исследуемая группа была представлена преимущественно женщинами (75%). Средний возраст пациентов составил 52,0±14,8 года, из них 53 (33,9%) пациента — в возрасте 60 лет и старше. Наиболее частыми клиническими проявлениями COVID-19 были лихорадка (62,2%), кашель (40,4%), аносмия (37,8%), одышка (33,3%). В период течения COVID-19 компьютерная томография органов грудной клетки была выполнена у 143 пациентов. При оценке по «эмпирической» визуальной шкале 0-я стадия поражения легких отмечалась у 49 (34,3%) пациентов, 1-я - у 40 (28%), 2-я - у 35 (24,5%), 3-я - у 19 (13,2%), 4-я - у 0. В исследуемой группе благоприятный исход был отмечен у 137 (97,9%) пациентов. Летальный исход зарегистрирован у 3 пациентов. У 131 пациента было оценено влияние перенесенной COVID-19 на течение ИВРЗ: у 52 (39,7%) пациентов течение ИВРЗ ухудшилось, у 1 (0,8%) - улучшилось, у 78 (59,5%) влияния не отмечено. Данные литературы, касающиеся риска инфицирования вирусом SARS-CoV-2, течения и исходов COVID-19 при ревматических и мышечно-скелетных заболеваниях, противоречивы, что диктует необходимость продолжения сбора данных, касающихся ревматологических проблем COVID-19, в российской популяции пациентов с учетом международного опыта.

The materials of the Russian NIIR/ARP-COVID-19 database, which included adult (over 18 years old) patients with immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRD) who underwent COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), and a literature review concerning the course and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with these diseases, are presented. From July 17, 2020 to April 23, 2021, 156 messages were received and analyzed. The study group was represented mainly by women (75%). The average age of patients was 52.0±14.8 years, of which 53 (33.9%) patients were aged 60 years and older. The most frequent clinical manifestations of COVID-19 were fever (62.2%), cough (40.4%), anosmia (37.8%), shortness of breath (33.3%). During the course of COVID-19, computed tomography of the chest organs was performed in 143 patients. When assessed on an “empirical” visual scale, stage 0 of lung lesion was observed in 49 (34.3%) patients, stage 1 in 40 (28%), stage 2 in 35 (24.5%), stage 3 in 19 (13.2%), stage 4 in 0. In the study group, a favorable outcome was observed in 137 (97.9%) patients. Fatal outcome was registered in 3 patients. The effect of COVID-19 on the course of IIRD was assessed in 131 patients: in 52 (39.7%) patients, the course of IIRD worsened, in 1 (0.8%) it improved, in 78 (59.5%) there was no effect. Literature data on the risk of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the course and outcomes of COVID-19 in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases are contradictory, which dictates the need to continue collecting data on the rheumatological problems of COVID-19 in the Russian patient population, taking into account international experience.

COVID-19иммуновоспалительные ревматические заболеваниябазисные противоревматические препаратыгенно-инженерные биологические препаратыревматоидный артритCOVID-19immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseasesdisease modifying antirheumatic drugsrheumatoid arthritisИсследование выполнено в рамках темы ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой» «Коморбидные инфекции при ревматических заболеваниях и проблемы безопасности антиревматической терапии» (АААА-А19-119021190148-3). Авторы выражают искреннюю признательность всем коллегам, поддержавшим инициативу НИИР/АРР и приславшим данные на пациентов.ReferencesБелов БС, Лила АМ. COVID-19 и ревматология: год спустя. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2021;59(1):31-36. doi: 10.47360/19954484-2021-31-36Belov BS, Lila AM. COVID-19 and rheumatology: A year later. Nauchcno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2021;59(1):31-36 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/19954484-2021-31-36Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet (London, England). 2020;395(10223):470-473. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet (London, England). 2020;395(10223):470-473. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, Shi ZL. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(3):141-154. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7Hu B, Guo H, Zhou P, Shi ZL. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(3):141-154. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7Berlin DA, Gulick RM, Martinez FJ. Severe COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(25):2451-2460. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp2009575Berlin DA, Gulick RM, Martinez FJ. Severe COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(25):2451-2460. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp2009575Weatherhead JE, Clark E, Vogel TP, Atmar RL, Kulkarni PA. Inflammatory syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Dysregulation of the immune response across the age spectrum. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(12):6194-6197. doi: 10.1172/JCI145301Weatherhead JE, Clark E, Vogel TP, Atmar RL, Kulkarni PA. Inflammatory syndromes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Dysregulation of the immune response across the age spectrum. J Clin Invest. 2020;130(12):6194-6197. doi: 10.1172/JCI145301Насонов ЕЛ. Коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19) и аутоиммунитет. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2021;59(1):5-30. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-5-30Nasonov EL. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmunity. Nauchcno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2021;59(1):5-30 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-5-30Насонов ЕЛ, Бекетова ТВ, Решетняк ТМ, Лила АМ, Ананьева ЛП, Лисицина ТА, и др. Коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19) и иммуновоспалительные ревматические заболевания: на перекрестке проблем тромбовоспаления и аутоиммунитета. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2020;58(4):353-367. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-353-367Nasonov EL, Beketova TV, Reshetnyak TM, Lila AM, Ananieva LP, Lisitsyna TA, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases: At the crossroads of thromboinflammation and autoimmunity. Nauchcno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2020;58(4):353-367 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-353-367Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Al-Adely S, Carmona L, Danila MI, Gossec L., et al.; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: Data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(7):859-866. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217871Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Al-Adely S, Carmona L, Danila MI, Gossec L., et al.; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: Data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(7):859-866. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217871Strangfeld A, Schafer M, Gianfrancesco MA, Lawson-Tovey S, Liew JW, Mateurs EF, et al.; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: Results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(7):930-942. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219498Strangfeld A, Schafer M, Gianfrancesco MA, Lawson-Tovey S, Liew JW, Mateurs EF, et al.; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: Results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(7):930-942. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219498Sparks JA, Wallace ZS, Seet AM, Gianfrancesco MA, Izadi Z, Hyrich KL, et al.; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Associations of baseline use of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs with COVID-19 severity in rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(9):1137-1146. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220418Sparks JA, Wallace ZS, Seet AM, Gianfrancesco MA, Izadi Z, Hyrich KL, et al.; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Associations of baseline use of biologic or targeted synthetic DMARDs with COVID-19 severity in rheumatoid arthritis: Results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(9):1137-1146. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220418Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Yazdany J, Machado PM, Robinson PC. COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry, anti-IL-6 therapy, shared decision-making and patient outcomes. Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry' by Gianfrancesco et al. Compassionate use of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 with hyperinflammation prior to advent of clinical trials - A real-world district general hospital experience' by Khan et al, ‘Comment on ‘Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 global rheumatology alliance physician-reported registry' by Gianfrancesco M, et al' by Andreica et al and ‘COVID-19 outcomes in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases treated with immunomodulatory drugs' by Ansarin et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Aug 12:annrheum-dis-2020-218713. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218713Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Yazdany J, Machado PM, Robinson PC. COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Registry, anti-IL-6 therapy, shared decision-making and patient outcomes. Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry' by Gianfrancesco et al. Compassionate use of tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 with hyperinflammation prior to advent of clinical trials - A real-world district general hospital experience' by Khan et al, ‘Comment on ‘Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 global rheumatology alliance physician-reported registry' by Gianfrancesco M, et al' by Andreica et al and ‘COVID-19 outcomes in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases treated with immunomodulatory drugs' by Ansarin et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Aug 12:annrheum-dis-2020-218713. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218713Haberman RH, Castillo R, Chen A, Yan D, Ramirez D, Sekar V, et al.; NYU WARCOV Investigators. COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory arthritis: A prospective study on the effects of comorbidities and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on clinical outcomes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(12):1981-1989. doi: 10.1002/art.41456Haberman RH, Castillo R, Chen A, Yan D, Ramirez D, Sekar V, et al.; NYU WARCOV Investigators. COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory arthritis: A prospective study on the effects of comorbidities and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on clinical outcomes. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(12):1981-1989. doi: 10.1002/art.41456Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Leon L, Madrid A, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Freites D, Font J, et al. Hospital admissions in inflammatory rheumatic diseases during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: Incidence and role of disease-modifying agents. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:1759720X20962692. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20962692Fernandez-Gutierrez B, Leon L, Madrid A, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Freites D, Font J, et al. Hospital admissions in inflammatory rheumatic diseases during the peak of COVID-19 pandemic: Incidence and role of disease-modifying agents. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 2021;13:1759720X20962692. doi: 10.1177/1759720X20962692Topless RK, Phipps-Green A, Leask M, Dalbeth N, Stamp LK, Robinson PC, et al. Gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and the risk of death related to coronavirus disease 2019: An analysis of the UK biobank. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2021;3(5):333-340. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11252Topless RK, Phipps-Green A, Leask M, Dalbeth N, Stamp LK, Robinson PC, et al. Gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and the risk of death related to coronavirus disease 2019: An analysis of the UK biobank. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2021;3(5):333-340. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11252Costantino F, Bahier L, Tarancdn LC, Leboime A, Vidal F, Bessalah L, et al. COVID-19 in French patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: Clinical features, risk factors and treatment adherence. Joint Bone Spine. 2021;88(1):105095. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105095Costantino F, Bahier L, Tarancdn LC, Leboime A, Vidal F, Bessalah L, et al. COVID-19 in French patients with chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases: Clinical features, risk factors and treatment adherence. Joint Bone Spine. 2021;88(1):105095. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2020.105095Ferri C, Giuggioli D, Raimondo V, L'Andolina M, Tavoni A, Cecchetti R, et al. COVID-19 & ASD Italian Study Group. COVID-19 and rheumatic autoimmune systemic diseases: Report of a large Italian patients series. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(11):3195-3204. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05334-7Ferri C, Giuggioli D, Raimondo V, L'Andolina M, Tavoni A, Cecchetti R, et al. COVID-19 & ASD Italian Study Group. COVID-19 and rheumatic autoimmune systemic diseases: Report of a large Italian patients series. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(11):3195-3204. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05334-7Conway R, Nikiphorou E, Demetriou CA, Low C, Leamy K, Ryan JG, et al. COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Predictors of hospitalization in patients with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 in Ireland: Data from the COVID-19 global rheumatology alliance registry. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2021;5(2):rkab031. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkab031Conway R, Nikiphorou E, Demetriou CA, Low C, Leamy K, Ryan JG, et al. COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Predictors of hospitalization in patients with rheumatic disease and COVID-19 in Ireland: Data from the COVID-19 global rheumatology alliance registry. Rheumatol Adv Pract. 2021;5(2):rkab031. doi: 10.1093/rap/rkab031D'Silva KM, Jorge A, Cohen A, McCormick N, Zhang Y, Wallace ZS, Choi HK. COVID-19 outcomes in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared to the general population: A US multicenter, comparative cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73(6):914-920. doi: 10.1002/art.41619D'Silva KM, Jorge A, Cohen A, McCormick N, Zhang Y, Wallace ZS, Choi HK. COVID-19 outcomes in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases compared to the general population: A US multicenter, comparative cohort study. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73(6):914-920. doi: 10.1002/art.41619England DR, Roiul P, Yang Y, Lalil AC, Michaud K, et al. Risk of COVID-19 in rheumatoid arthritis: A National Veterans affairs matched cohort study in at-risk individuals. Arthritis Rheum. 2021;10.1002/art.41800. doi: 10.1002/art.41800England DR, Roiul P, Yang Y, Lalil AC, Michaud K, et al. Risk of COVID-19 in rheumatoid arthritis: A National Veterans affairs matched cohort study in at-risk individuals. Arthritis Rheum. 2021;10.1002/art.41800. doi: 10.1002/art.41800Marques CDL, Kakehasi AM, Pinheiro MM, Mota LMH, Albuquerque CP, Silva CR, et al. High levels of immunosuppression are related to unfavorable outcome in hospitalized patients with rheumatic disease and COVID-19: First results of ReumaCoV Brasil Registry. RMD Open. 2021;7e0011461. doi: 10.1136/tmo-dopen-2020-001461Marques CDL, Kakehasi AM, Pinheiro MM, Mota LMH, Albuquerque CP, Silva CR, et al. High levels of immunosuppression are related to unfavorable outcome in hospitalized patients with rheumatic disease and COVID-19: First results of ReumaCoV Brasil Registry. RMD Open. 2021;7e0011461. doi: 10.1136/tmo-dopen-2020-001461Cordtz R, Lindhardsen J, Soussi BG, Vela J, Uhrenholt L, Westermann R, et al. Incidence and severeness of COVID-19 hospitalization in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease: A nationwide cohort study from Denmark. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(SI):I59-I67. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa897Cordtz R, Lindhardsen J, Soussi BG, Vela J, Uhrenholt L, Westermann R, et al. Incidence and severeness of COVID-19 hospitalization in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease: A nationwide cohort study from Denmark. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(SI):I59-I67. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa897Attauabi M, Seidelin JB, Felding OK, Wewer MD, Vinther Arp LK, Sarikaya MZ, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and immunosuppressive therapies - A Danish population-based cohort study. J Autoimmun. 2021;118:102613. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102613Attauabi M, Seidelin JB, Felding OK, Wewer MD, Vinther Arp LK, Sarikaya MZ, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019, immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and immunosuppressive therapies - A Danish population-based cohort study. J Autoimmun. 2021;118:102613. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102613Hsu TY-T, D'Silva KD, Patel NJ, Wang J, Mueller AA, Fu X, et al. Laboratory trends, hyperinflammation, and clinical outcomes for patients with a systemic rheumatic disease admitted to hospital for COVID-19: A retrospective, comparative cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2021;3(9):e638-e647. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00140-5Hsu TY-T, D'Silva KD, Patel NJ, Wang J, Mueller AA, Fu X, et al. Laboratory trends, hyperinflammation, and clinical outcomes for patients with a systemic rheumatic disease admitted to hospital for COVID-19: A retrospective, comparative cohort study. Lancet Rheumatol 2021;3(9):e638-e647. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00140-5FAI2R /SFR/SNFMI/SOFREMIP/CRI/IMIDIATE consortium and contributors. Severity of COVID-19 and survival in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory diseases: Data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort of 694 patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;80(4):527-538. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218310FAI2R /SFR/SNFMI/SOFREMIP/CRI/IMIDIATE consortium and contributors. Severity of COVID-19 and survival in patients with rheumatic and inflammatory diseases: Data from the French RMD COVID-19 cohort of 694 patients. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;80(4):527-538. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218310Tan EH, Sena AG, Prats-Uribe A, You SC, Ahmed WU, Kostka K, et al. COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: Characteristics and outcomes in a multinational network of cohorts across three countries. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(SI):SI37-SI50. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab250Tan EH, Sena AG, Prats-Uribe A, You SC, Ahmed WU, Kostka K, et al. COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: Characteristics and outcomes in a multinational network of cohorts across three countries. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(SI):SI37-SI50. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab250Hasseli R, Mueller-Ladner U, Hoyer BF, Krause A, Lorenz HM, Pfeil A, et al. Older age, comorbidity, glucocorticoid use and disease activity are risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisation in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. RMD Open. 2021;7(1):e001464. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001464Hasseli R, Mueller-Ladner U, Hoyer BF, Krause A, Lorenz HM, Pfeil A, et al. Older age, comorbidity, glucocorticoid use and disease activity are risk factors for COVID-19 hospitalisation in patients with inflammatory rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. RMD Open. 2021;7(1):e001464. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001464Gamboa-Cdrdenas RV, Barzola-Cerrdn S, Toledo-Neira D, Redtegui-Sokolova C, Pimentel-Quiroz V, Zevallos-Miranda F, et al. Predictors of hospitalization for COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: Results from a community cohort follow-up. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(11):4725-4734. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05833-1Gamboa-Cdrdenas RV, Barzola-Cerrdn S, Toledo-Neira D, Redtegui-Sokolova C, Pimentel-Quiroz V, Zevallos-Miranda F, et al. Predictors of hospitalization for COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: Results from a community cohort follow-up. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(11):4725-4734. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05833-1Esatoglu SN, Tascilar K, Babaoglu H, Bes C, Yurttas B, Akar S, et al.; Turkish Society for Rheumatology COVID-19 Registry Investigators. COVID-19 among patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol. 2021;12:651715. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651715Esatoglu SN, Tascilar K, Babaoglu H, Bes C, Yurttas B, Akar S, et al.; Turkish Society for Rheumatology COVID-19 Registry Investigators. COVID-19 among patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol. 2021;12:651715. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.651715Pablos JL, Galindo M, Carmona L, Lledd A, Retuerto M, Blanco R, et al. RIER investigators group. Clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A multicentric matched cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(12):1544-1549 . doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218296Pablos JL, Galindo M, Carmona L, Lledd A, Retuerto M, Blanco R, et al. RIER investigators group. Clinical outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and chronic inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: A multicentric matched cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(12):1544-1549 . doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218296Montero F, Martinez-Barrio J, Serrano-Benavente B, Gonzdlez T, Rivera J, Collada JM, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions: Clinical characteristics of poor outcomes. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(10):1593-1598. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04676-4Montero F, Martinez-Barrio J, Serrano-Benavente B, Gonzdlez T, Rivera J, Collada JM, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in autoimmune and inflammatory conditions: Clinical characteristics of poor outcomes. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(10):1593-1598. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04676-4Freites Nunez DD, Leon L, Mucientes A, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Font Urgelles J, Madrid Garcia A, et al. Risk factors for hospital admissions related to COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(11):1393-1399. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217984Freites Nunez DD, Leon L, Mucientes A, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Font Urgelles J, Madrid Garcia A, et al. Risk factors for hospital admissions related to COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(11):1393-1399. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217984Mena-Vdzquez N, Manrique Arija S, Rojas-Gimdnez M, Raya-Alvarez E, Velloso-Feijod ML, Ldpez-Medina C, et al. Hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19 of patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases in Andalusia. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed). 2021:S2173-5743(21)00162-3. doi: 10.1016/j.reumae.2021.02.006Mena-Vdzquez N, Manrique Arija S, Rojas-Gimdnez M, Raya-Alvarez E, Velloso-Feijod ML, Ldpez-Medina C, et al. Hospitalization and mortality from COVID-19 of patients with rheumatic inflammatory diseases in Andalusia. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed). 2021:S2173-5743(21)00162-3. doi: 10.1016/j.reumae.2021.02.006Bakasis AD, Mavragani CP, Boki KA, Tzioufas AG, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Stergiou IE, et al. COVID-19 infection among autoimmune rheumatic disease patients: Data from an observational study and literature review. J Autoimmun. 2021;123:102687. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102687Bakasis AD, Mavragani CP, Boki KA, Tzioufas AG, Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Stergiou IE, et al. COVID-19 infection among autoimmune rheumatic disease patients: Data from an observational study and literature review. J Autoimmun. 2021;123:102687. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102687Serling-Boyd N, D'Silva KM, Hsu TY, Wallwork R, Fu X, Gravallese EM, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes among patients with rheumatic diseases 6 months into the pandemic. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(5):660-666. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219279Serling-Boyd N, D'Silva KM, Hsu TY, Wallwork R, Fu X, Gravallese EM, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 outcomes among patients with rheumatic diseases 6 months into the pandemic. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(5):660-666. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219279Scirfe CA, Carrara G, Zanetti A, Landolfi G, Chighizola C, Alunno A, et al.; Italian Registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (CONTROL-19). COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases in Italy: First results from the Italian registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (CONTROL-19). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020;38(4):748-753.Scirfe CA, Carrara G, Zanetti A, Landolfi G, Chighizola C, Alunno A, et al.; Italian Registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (CONTROL-19). COVID-19 in rheumatic diseases in Italy: First results from the Italian registry of the Italian Society for Rheumatology (CONTROL-19). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2020;38(4):748-753.Raiker R, DeYoung C, Pakhchanian H, Ahmed S, Kavadichanda C, Gupta L, et al. Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter research network study in the United States. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021;51(5):1057-1066. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.08.010Raiker R, DeYoung C, Pakhchanian H, Ahmed S, Kavadichanda C, Gupta L, et al. Outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A multicenter research network study in the United States. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021;51(5):1057-1066. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2021.08.010Alzahrani ZA, Alghamdi KA, Almaqati AS. Clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int. 2021;41(6):1097-1103. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04857-9Alzahrani ZA, Alghamdi KA, Almaqati AS. Clinical characteristics and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases. Rheumatol Int. 2021;41(6):1097-1103. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04857-9Schmajuk G, Montgomery AD, Leonard S, Li J, Gianfrancesco M, Seet A, et al. Factors associated with hospitalization and death after COVID-19 diagnosis among patients with rheumatic disease: An analysis of veterans affairs data. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2021;3(11):796-803. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11328Schmajuk G, Montgomery AD, Leonard S, Li J, Gianfrancesco M, Seet A, et al. Factors associated with hospitalization and death after COVID-19 diagnosis among patients with rheumatic disease: An analysis of veterans affairs data. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2021;3(11):796-803. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11328Bertoglio IM, de Lucena JM, Daffre D, Aikawa NE, Silva CA, et al. Poor prognosis of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome in lupus erythematosus: Nation-wide cross-sectional oioulation study of 252199 patients. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2021;3(11):804-811. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11329Bertoglio IM, de Lucena JM, Daffre D, Aikawa NE, Silva CA, et al. Poor prognosis of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome in lupus erythematosus: Nation-wide cross-sectional oioulation study of 252199 patients. ACR Open Rheumatol. 2021;3(11):804-811. doi: 10.1002/acr2.11329Raiker R, Pakhchanian H, DeYoung C, Gupta L, Karde§ S, Ahmed S, et al. Short term outcomes of COVID-19 in lupus: Propensity score matched analysis from a nationwide multi-centric research network. J Autoimmun. 2021 Oct 9:102730. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102730Raiker R, Pakhchanian H, DeYoung C, Gupta L, Karde§ S, Ahmed S, et al. Short term outcomes of COVID-19 in lupus: Propensity score matched analysis from a nationwide multi-centric research network. J Autoimmun. 2021 Oct 9:102730. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102730Bachiller-Corral J, Boteanu A, Garcia-Villanueva MJ, de la Puente C, Revenga M, Diaz-Miguel MC, et al. Risk of severe COVID-19 infection in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. J Rheumatol. 2021;48(7):1098-1102. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.200755Bachiller-Corral J, Boteanu A, Garcia-Villanueva MJ, de la Puente C, Revenga M, Diaz-Miguel MC, et al. Risk of severe COVID-19 infection in patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. J Rheumatol. 2021;48(7):1098-1102. doi: 10.3899/jrheum.200755Regierer AC, Hasseli R, Schafer M, Hoyer BF, Krause A, Lorenz HM, et al. TNFi is associated with positive outcome, but JAKi and rituximab are associated with negative outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with RMD. RMD Open. 2021;7(3):e001896. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001896Regierer AC, Hasseli R, Schafer M, Hoyer BF, Krause A, Lorenz HM, et al. TNFi is associated with positive outcome, but JAKi and rituximab are associated with negative outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with RMD. RMD Open. 2021;7(3):e001896. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001896Bower H, Frisell T, Di Giuseppe D, Delcoigne B, Ahlenius GM, Baecklund E, et al. ARTIS Study Group. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory joint diseases and in the general population: A nationwide Swedish cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(8):1086-1093. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-219845Bower H, Frisell T, Di Giuseppe D, Delcoigne B, Ahlenius GM, Baecklund E, et al. ARTIS Study Group. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory joint diseases and in the general population: A nationwide Swedish cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(8):1086-1093. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-219845Peach E, Rutter M, Lanyon P, Grainge MJ, Hubbard R, Aston J, et al. Risk of death among people with rare autoimmune diseases compared with the general population in England during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(4):1902-1909. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa855Peach E, Rutter M, Lanyon P, Grainge MJ, Hubbard R, Aston J, et al. Risk of death among people with rare autoimmune diseases compared with the general population in England during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(4):1902-1909. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa855Rutter M, Lanyon PC, Grainge MJ, Hubbard R, Peach E, Bythell M, et al. COVID-19 infection, admission and death amongst people with rare autoimmune rheumatic disease in England. Results from the RECORDER project. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Oct 26:keab794. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab794Rutter M, Lanyon PC, Grainge MJ, Hubbard R, Peach E, Bythell M, et al. COVID-19 infection, admission and death amongst people with rare autoimmune rheumatic disease in England. Results from the RECORDER project. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021 Oct 26:keab794. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab794Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430-436. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430-436. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4Wegrzyn L, Winthrop K, Kim S, Ye Y, Huisingh C, Krueger W, et al. Real world population-based assessment of COVID-19 out-comes among rheumatoid arthritis patients using biologic or synthetic DMARDs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(Suppl 1):886.Wegrzyn L, Winthrop K, Kim S, Ye Y, Huisingh C, Krueger W, et al. Real world population-based assessment of COVID-19 out-comes among rheumatoid arthritis patients using biologic or synthetic DMARDs. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(Suppl 1):886.Chuo C-Y, Yau V, Madhavan S, Tsai L, Chia J. Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. medRxiv. 2021.07.09.21260106. doi: 10.1101/2021.07.09.21260106Chuo C-Y, Yau V, Madhavan S, Tsai L, Chia J. Risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in the United States. medRxiv. 2021.07.09.21260106. doi: 10.1101/2021.07.09.21260106Akiyama S, Hamdeh S, Micic D, Sakuraba A. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Oct 13:annrheumdis-2020-218946. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218946Akiyama S, Hamdeh S, Micic D, Sakuraba A. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Oct 13:annrheumdis-2020-218946. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218946Wang Q, Liu J, Shao R, Han X, Su C, Lu W. Risk and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases compared with the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2021;41(5):851-861. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04803-9Wang Q, Liu J, Shao R, Han X, Su C, Lu W. Risk and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases compared with the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2021;41(5):851-861. doi: 10.1007/s00296-021-04803-9Yang H, Xu J, Shi L, Duan G, Wang Y. Correspondence on «Prevalence and clinical outocome of COVIF-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: A systemic reviews and meta-analysis». Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;0:1-3. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219821Yang H, Xu J, Shi L, Duan G, Wang Y. Correspondence on «Prevalence and clinical outocome of COVIF-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: A systemic reviews and meta-analysis». Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;0:1-3. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-219821Baillet A, Gossec L, Carmona L, Wit Md, van Eijk-Hustings Y, Bertheussen H, et al. Points to consider for reporting, screening for and preventing selected comorbidities in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in daily practice: A EULAR initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(6):965-973. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209233Baillet A, Gossec L, Carmona L, Wit Md, van Eijk-Hustings Y, Bertheussen H, et al. Points to consider for reporting, screening for and preventing selected comorbidities in chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases in daily practice: A EULAR initiative. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(6):965-973. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-209233Гордеев АВ, Галушко ЕА, Насонов ЕЛ. Концепция мульти-морбидности в ревматологической практике. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(4):362-365. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014362-365Gordeev AV, Galushko EA, Nasonov EL. The concept of multimorbidity in rheumatologic practice. Nauchcno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(4):362-365 (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014362-365Yousefghahari B, Navari S, Sadeghi M, Soleimaniamiri S, Soleimaniamiri M, Heidari B, et al. Risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with rheumatic disease taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(10):4309-4315. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05779-4Yousefghahari B, Navari S, Sadeghi M, Soleimaniamiri S, Soleimaniamiri M, Heidari B, et al. Risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with rheumatic disease taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(10):4309-4315. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-05779-4Jung SY, Kim MS, Kim MC, Choi SH, Chung JW, Choi ST. Effect of hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure on infection with SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic disease patients: A population-based cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(4):611-617. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.003Jung SY, Kim MS, Kim MC, Choi SH, Chung JW, Choi ST. Effect of hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure on infection with SARS-CoV-2 in rheumatic disease patients: A population-based cohort study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(4):611-617. doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.003Guillaume D, Magalie B, Sina E, Imfene SM, Fr6d6ric V, Mathieu D, et al. Antirheumatic drug intake influence on occurrence of COVID-19 infection in ambulatory patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A cohort study. Rheumatol Ther. 2021 Sep 16:1-9. doi: 10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1Guillaume D, Magalie B, Sina E, Imfene SM, Fr6d6ric V, Mathieu D, et al. Antirheumatic drug intake influence on occurrence of COVID-19 infection in ambulatory patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A cohort study. Rheumatol Ther. 2021 Sep 16:1-9. doi: 10.1007/s40744-021-00373-1Moradi S, Masoumi M, Mohammadi S, Vafaeimanesh J, Mohseni M, Mahdavi H, et al. Prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 in rheumatic patients and evaluation of the effect of diseasemodifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Intern Emerg Med. 2021;16(4):919-923. doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02535-5Moradi S, Masoumi M, Mohammadi S, Vafaeimanesh J, Mohseni M, Mahdavi H, et al. Prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 in rheumatic patients and evaluation of the effect of diseasemodifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Intern Emerg Med. 2021;16(4):919-923. doi: 10.1007/s11739-020-02535-5Hooijberg F, Boekel L, Vogelzang EH, Leeuw M, Boers M, van Vollenhofen R, et al. Patients with rheumatic diseases adhere to COVID-19 isolation measures more strictly than the general population. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(10):e583-e585. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30286-1Hooijberg F, Boekel L, Vogelzang EH, Leeuw M, Boers M, van Vollenhofen R, et al. Patients with rheumatic diseases adhere to COVID-19 isolation measures more strictly than the general population. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(10):e583-e585. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30286-1Zhu Y, Zhong J, Dong L. Epidemiology and clinical management of rheumatic autoimmune diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:725226. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.725226Zhu Y, Zhong J, Dong L. Epidemiology and clinical management of rheumatic autoimmune diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic: A review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:725226. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.725226Ioannou GN, Locke E, Green P, Berry K, O'Hare AM, Shah JA, et al. Risk factors for hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or death among 10 131 US veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2022310. doi: 10.1001/jamanet-workopen.2020.22310Ioannou GN, Locke E, Green P, Berry K, O'Hare AM, Shah JA, et al. Risk factors for hospitalization, mechanical ventilation, or death among 10 131 US veterans with SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(9):e2022310. doi: 10.1001/jamanet-workopen.2020.22310Насонов ЕЛ, Авдеева АС. Деплеция В-клеток при иммуново-спалительных ревматических заболеваниях и коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2021;59(4):384-393. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-384-393Nasonov EL, Avdeeva AS. B cell depletion in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nauchcno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2021;59(4):384-393 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-384-393Schafer M, Strangfeld A, Hyrich KL, Carmona L, Gianfrancesco M, Lawson-Tovey S, et al. Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician reported registry'' by Mulhearn et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Mar 1:annrheum-dis-2021-220134. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220134Schafer M, Strangfeld A, Hyrich KL, Carmona L, Gianfrancesco M, Lawson-Tovey S, et al. Response to: ‘Correspondence on ‘Factors associated with COVID-19-related death in people with rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician reported registry'' by Mulhearn et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Mar 1:annrheum-dis-2021-220134. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220134Sawalha AH, Zhao M, Coit P, Lu Q. Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients. Clin Immunol. 2020;215:108410. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108410Sawalha AH, Zhao M, Coit P, Lu Q. Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients. Clin Immunol. 2020;215:108410. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108410Насонов ЕЛ, Попкова ТВ, Панафидина ТА. Проблемы ранней системной красной волчанки в период пандемии COVID-19. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2021;59(2):119-128. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-119-128Nasonov EL, Popkova TV, Panafidina TA. Problems of early diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nauchcno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2021;59(2):119-128 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-119-128Gupta S, Nakabo S, Chu J, Hasni S, Kaplan MJ. Association between anti-interferon-alpha autoantibodies and COVID-19 in systemic lupus erythematosus. medRxiv. 2020;2020.10.29.20222000. doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222000Gupta S, Nakabo S, Chu J, Hasni S, Kaplan MJ. Association between anti-interferon-alpha autoantibodies and COVID-19 in systemic lupus erythematosus. medRxiv. 2020;2020.10.29.20222000. doi: 10.1101/2020.10.29.20222000Bastard P, Rosen LB, Zhang Q, Michailidis E, Hoffmann HH, Zhang Y, et al. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science. 2020;370(6515):eabd4585. doi: 10.1126/science.abd4585Bastard P, Rosen LB, Zhang Q, Michailidis E, Hoffmann HH, Zhang Y, et al. Autoantibodies against type I IFNs in patients with life-threatening COVID-19. Science. 2020;370(6515):eabd4585. doi: 10.1126/science.abd4585

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.