<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2022-276-279</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОБЛЕМЫ РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ В ПЕРИОД ПАНДЕМИИ КОРОНОВИРУСНОЙ БОЛЕЗНИ 2019</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROBLEMS OF RHEUMATOLOGY DURING THE 2019 CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ревматоидный артрит и постковидный синдром</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatoid arthritis and post-COVID-19 syndrome</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3261-1036</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баймухамедов</surname><given-names>Ч. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baimukhamedov</surname><given-names>Ch. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>160011, Шымкент, ул. Сасбукаева, 32а;</p><p>160001, Шымкент, площадь Аль-Фараби, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>160011, Shymkent, Sasbukaeva str., 32A;</p><p>160001, Shymkent, Al-Farabi square, 1</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shocan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7407-5505</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ботабекова</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Botabekova</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>160011, Шымкент, ул. Сасбукаева, 32а;</p><p>160001, Шымкент, площадь Аль-Фараби, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>160011, Shymkent, Sasbukaeva str., 32A;</p><p>160001, Shymkent, Al-Farabi square, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6318-5204</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Досыбаева</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dossybayeva</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>160001, Шымкент, площадь Аль-Фараби, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>160001, Shymkent, Al-Farabi square, 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-8016</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махмудов</surname><given-names>Ш. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhmudov</surname><given-names>Sh. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>160011, Шымкент, ул. Сасбукаева, 32а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>160011, Shymkent, Sasbukaeva str., 32A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр болезней суставов города Шымкент;&#13;
Южно-Казахстанская медицинская академия</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shymkent Medical Center for Joint Diseases;&#13;
South Kazakhstan Medical Academy</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Южно-Казахстанская медицинская академия</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>South Kazakhstan Medical Academy</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Медицинский центр болезней суставов города Шымкент</institution><country>Казахстан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shymkent Medical Center for Joint Diseases</institution><country>Kazakhstan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>276</fpage><lpage>279</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Баймухамедов Ч.Т., Ботабекова А.К., Досыбаева Г.Н., Махмудов Ш.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баймухамедов Ч.Т., Ботабекова А.К., Досыбаева Г.Н., Махмудов Ш.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baimukhamedov C.T., Botabekova A.K., Dossybayeva G.N., Makhmudov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3176">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3176</self-uri><abstract><p>Идет третий год пандемии инфекции SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), врачи все чаще сталкиваются с новой патологией – «постковидным синдромом» (ПКС). Одним из частых проявлений ПКС является костномышечный симптомокомлекс, проявляющийся миалгиями, артралгиями и артритом. Сегодня нет общепринятого термина, определения, классификации, критериев диагноза, единого мнения о продолжительности ПКС. В литературе достаточно описаний случаев дебюта ревматоидного артрита (РА) после SARS-CoV-2. Возникает вопрос: это совпадение, или COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) может быть триггерным фактором РА? С нашей точки зрения, COVID-19 может демаскировать ранее не диагностированный РА или вызвать заболевание de novo. Кроме того, возникновение артрита может быть проявлением ПКС и носить преходящий характер. Представляется вероятной триггерная роль инфекции SARS-CoV-2 в возникновении РА. Появление артрита в постковидном периоде может вызывать проблемы в дифференциальной диагностике поражения суставов. На наш взгляд, ПКС может продолжаться до одного года. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the third year of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, COVID-19) pandemic doctors are encountering a new pathology – post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS, long covid). Musculoskeletal manifestations are among the most common and may present as myalgia, arthralgia, or arthritis. Currently, there is no generally accepted definition of the disease, its duration, classification, or diagnostic criteria, and no single view on the “content” of musculoskeletal manifestations of PCS. We have enough descriptions of the debut of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after SARS-CoV-2. That is a question: it is a coincidence, or COVID-19 may be a trigger factor of RA? We thought that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be a trigger factor for new rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis or COVID-19 can unmask previously undetected RA. The occurrence of arthritis may be a sign of PCS with transient character. So arthritis in the post covid period may induce problems in differential diagnosis of rheumatic diseases. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>постковидный синдром</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>post-COVID-19 syndrome</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, et al. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):16144. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, et al. More than 50 long-term effects of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):16144. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-95565-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, Landini MP, Fini M. PostCOVID-19 syndrome: The persistent symptoms at the post-viral stage of the disease. A systematic review of the current data. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:653516. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.653516</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salamanna F, Veronesi F, Martini L, Landini MP, Fini M. PostCOVID-19 syndrome: The persistent symptoms at the post-viral stage of the disease. A systematic review of the current data. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:653516. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.653516</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nasserie T, Hittle M, Goodman SN. Assessment of the frequency and variety of persistent symptoms among patients with COVID19: A systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(5):e2111417. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11417</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasserie T, Hittle M, Goodman SN. Assessment of the frequency and variety of persistent symptoms among patients with COVID19: A systematic review. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(5):e2111417. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.11417</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cabrera Martimbianco AL, Pacheco RL, Bagattini ÂM, Riera R. Frequency, signs and symptoms, and criteria adopted for long COVID-19: A systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10):e14357. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14357</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cabrera Martimbianco AL, Pacheco RL, Bagattini ÂM, Riera R. Frequency, signs and symptoms, and criteria adopted for long COVID-19: A systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2021;75(10):e14357. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14357</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehandru S, Merad M. Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(2):194-202. doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01104-y</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehandru S, Merad M. Pathological sequelae of long-haul COVID. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(2):194-202. doi: 10.1038/s41590-021-01104-y</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayes LD, Ingram J, Sculthorpe NF. More than 100 persistent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (long COVID): A scoping review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:750378. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.750378</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayes LD, Ingram J, Sculthorpe NF. More than 100 persistent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 (long COVID): A scoping review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:750378. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.750378</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV; WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 Condition. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(4):e102-e107. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00703-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soriano JB, Murthy S, Marshall JC, Relan P, Diaz JV; WHO Clinical Case Definition Working Group on Post-COVID-19 Condition. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(4):e102-e107. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00703-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Лила АМ, Мазуров ВИ, Белов БС, Каратеев АЕ, Дубинина ТВ, и др. Коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19) и иммуновоспалительные ревматические заболевания. Рекомендации Общероссийской общественной организации «Ассоциация ревматологов России». Научно-практическая ревматология. 2021;59(3):239-254. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-239-254</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL, Lila AM, Mazurov VI, Belov BS, Karateev AE, Dubinina TV, et al. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and immune-mediated rheumatic diseases. Recommendations of the Association of Rheumatologists of Russia. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumato - logy Science and Practice. 2021;59(3):239-254 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-239-254</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shah W, Hillman T, Playford ED, Hishmeh L. Managing the long term effects of COVID-19: Summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline. BMJ. 2021;372:n136. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n136</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shah W, Hillman T, Playford ED, Hishmeh L. Managing the long term effects of COVID-19: Summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline. BMJ. 2021;372:n136. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n136</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sapkota HR, Nune A. Long COVID from rheumatology perspective – A narrative review. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(2):337-348. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-06001-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sapkota HR, Nune A. Long COVID from rheumatology perspective – A narrative review. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(2):337-348. doi: 10.1007/s10067-021-06001-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weng LM, Su X, Wang XQ. Pain symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A literature review. J Pain Res. 2021;14:147-159. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S269206</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weng LM, Su X, Wang XQ. Pain symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A literature review. J Pain Res. 2021;14:147-159. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S269206</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cipollaro L, Giordano L, Padulo J, Oliva F, Maffulli N. Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01702-w</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cipollaro L, Giordano L, Padulo J, Oliva F, Maffulli N. Musculoskeletal symptoms in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) patients. J Orthop Surg Res. 2020;15(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-01702-w</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tang KT, Hsu BC, Chen DY. Autoimmune and rheumatic manifestations associated with COVID-19 in adults: An updated systematic review. Front Immunol. 2021;12:645013. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tang KT, Hsu BC, Chen DY. Autoimmune and rheumatic manifestations associated with COVID-19 in adults: An updated systematic review. Front Immunol. 2021;12:645013. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев АЕ, Амирджанова ВН, Насонов ЕЛ, Лила АМ, Алексеева ЛИ, Погожева ЕЮ, и др. «Постковидный синдром»: в центре внимания скелетно-мышечная боль. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2021;59(3):255-262. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-255-262</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karateev AE, Amirdzhanova VN, Nasonov EL, Lila AM, Alekseeva LI, Pogozheva EYu, et al. “Post-COVID syndrome”: The focus is on musculoskeletal pain. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2021;59(3):255-262 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-255-262</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Arthralgia as an initial presentation of COVID-19: observation. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(5):823. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04561-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joob B, Wiwanitkit V. Arthralgia as an initial presentation of COVID-19: observation. Rheumatol Int. 2020;40(5):823. doi: 10.1007/s00296-020-04561-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kuschner Z, Ortega A, Mukherji P. A case of SARS-CoV-2- associated arthritis with detection of viral RNA in synovial fluid. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2021;2(4):e12452. doi: 10.1002/emp2.12452</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuschner Z, Ortega A, Mukherji P. A case of SARS-CoV-2- associated arthritis with detection of viral RNA in synovial fluid. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2021;2(4):e12452. doi: 10.1002/emp2.12452</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ono K, Kishimoto M, Shimasaki T, Uchida H, Kurai D, Deshpande GA, et al. Reactive arthritis after COVID-19 infection. RMD Open. 2020;6(2):e001350. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001350</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ono K, Kishimoto M, Shimasaki T, Uchida H, Kurai D, Deshpande GA, et al. Reactive arthritis after COVID-19 infection. RMD Open. 2020;6(2):e001350. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001350</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yokogawa N, Minematsu N, Katano H, Suzuki T. Case of acute arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jun 26:annrheumdis-2020-218281. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2020-218281</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yokogawa N, Minematsu N, Katano H, Suzuki T. Case of acute arthritis following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jun 26:annrheumdis-2020-218281. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis2020-218281</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saricaoglu EM, Hasanoglu I, Guner R. The first reactive arthritis case associated with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):192-193. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26296</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saricaoglu EM, Hasanoglu I, Guner R. The first reactive arthritis case associated with COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2021;93(1):192-193. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26296</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parisi S, Borrelli R, Bianchi S, Fusaro E. Viral arthritis and COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(11):e655-e657. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30348-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parisi S, Borrelli R, Bianchi S, Fusaro E. Viral arthritis and COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(11):e655-e657. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30348-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gasparotto M, Framba V, Piovella C, Doria A, Iaccarino L. Post-COVID-19 arthritis: A case report and literature review. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(8):3357-3362. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05550-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasparotto M, Framba V, Piovella C, Doria A, Iaccarino L. Post-COVID-19 arthritis: A case report and literature review. Clin Rheumatol. 2021;40(8):3357-3362. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05550-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liew IY, Mak TM, Cui L, Vasoo S, Lim XR. A case of reactive arthritis secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 infection. J Clin Rheumatol. 2020;26(6):233. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001560</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Liew IY, Mak TM, Cui L, Vasoo S, Lim XR. A case of reactive arthritis secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 infection. J Clin Rheumatol. 2020;26(6):233. doi: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001560</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schenker HM, Hagen M, Simon D, Schett G, Manger B. Reactive arthritis and cutaneous vasculitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(1):479-480. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa689</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schenker HM, Hagen M, Simon D, Schett G, Manger B. Reactive arthritis and cutaneous vasculitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2021;60(1):479-480. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa689</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jali I. Reactive arthritis after COVID-19 infection. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11761. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11761</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jali I. Reactive arthritis after COVID-19 infection. Cureus. 2020;12(11):e11761. doi: 10.7759/cureus.11761</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danssaert Z, Raum G, Hemtasilpa S. Reactive arthritis in a 37-yearold female with SARS-CoV2 infection. Cureus. 2020;12(8):e9698. doi: 10.7759/cureus.9698</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danssaert Z, Raum G, Hemtasilpa S. Reactive arthritis in a 37-yearold female with SARS-CoV2 infection. Cureus. 2020;12(8):e9698. doi: 10.7759/cureus.9698</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bekaryssova D, Yessirkepov M, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY, Ahmed S. Reactive arthritis before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(6):1641-1652. doi: 10.1007/s10067-022-06120-3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bekaryssova D, Yessirkepov M, Zimba O, Gasparyan AY, Ahmed S. Reactive arthritis before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(6):1641-1652. doi: 10.1007/s10067-022-06120-3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gracia-Ramos AE, Martin-Nares E, Hernández-Molina G. New onset of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 diagnosis. Cells. 2021;10(12):3592. doi: 10.3390/cells10123592</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gracia-Ramos AE, Martin-Nares E, Hernández-Molina G. New onset of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 diagnosis. Cells. 2021;10(12):3592. doi: 10.3390/cells10123592</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joo YB, Lim YH, Kim KJ, Park KS, Park YJ. Respiratory viral infections and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1977-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joo YB, Lim YH, Kim KJ, Park KS, Park YJ. Respiratory viral infections and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21(1):199. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1977-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kudaeva FM, Speechley MR, Pope JE. A systematic review of viral exposures as a risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019;48(4):587-596. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.03.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kudaeva FM, Speechley MR, Pope JE. A systematic review of viral exposures as a risk for rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019;48(4):587-596. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.03.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Favalli EG, Ingegnoli F, De Lucia O, Cincinelli G, Cimaz R, Caporali R. COVID-19 infection and rheumatoid arthritis: Faraway, so close! Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(5):102523. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102523</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Favalli EG, Ingegnoli F, De Lucia O, Cincinelli G, Cimaz R, Caporali R. COVID-19 infection and rheumatoid arthritis: Faraway, so close! Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(5):102523. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102523</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Derksen VFAM, Kissel T, Lamers-Karnebeek FBG, van der Bijl AE, Venhuizen AC, Huizinga TWJ, et al. Onset of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19: coincidence or connected? Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Mar 1:annrheumdis-2021-219859. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-219859</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Derksen VFAM, Kissel T, Lamers-Karnebeek FBG, van der Bijl AE, Venhuizen AC, Huizinga TWJ, et al. Onset of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19: coincidence or connected? Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Mar 1:annrheumdis-2021-219859. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-219859</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baimukhamedov C, Barskova T, Matucci-Cerinic M. Arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(5):e324-e325. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00067-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baimukhamedov C, Barskova T, Matucci-Cerinic M. Arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(5):e324-e325. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00067-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Talarico R, Stagnaro C, Ferro F, Carli L, Mosca M. Symmetric peripheral polyarthritis developed during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(9):e518-e519. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30216-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Talarico R, Stagnaro C, Ferro F, Carli L, Mosca M. Symmetric peripheral polyarthritis developed during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2020;2(9):e518-e519. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30216-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zacharias H, Dubey S, Koduri G, D’Cruz D. Rheumatological complications of COVID-19. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(9):102883. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102883</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zacharias H, Dubey S, Koduri G, D’Cruz D. Rheumatological complications of COVID-19. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(9):102883. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102883</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Perrot L, Hemon M, Busnel JM, Muis-Pistor O, Picard C, Zandotti C, et al. First flare of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(1):e6-e8. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30396-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Perrot L, Hemon M, Busnel JM, Muis-Pistor O, Picard C, Zandotti C, et al. First flare of ACPA-positive rheumatoid arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(1):e6-e8. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(20)30396-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ben-Chetrit E, Ben-Chetrit E. Palindromic rheumatism following COVID-19 infection evolved to rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19 reinfection. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39(6):1410-1412.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ben-Chetrit E, Ben-Chetrit E. Palindromic rheumatism following COVID-19 infection evolved to rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19 reinfection. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39(6):1410-1412.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alshablan A, Jabbad R, Tayeb S, Albeshri T, Yelamanchili SR, Rabie N, et al. Diagnosis of adult onset Still’s disease in a patient who has recovered from Coronavirus-19. Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 2021;14:1179547621996306. doi: 10.1177/1179547621996306</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alshablan A, Jabbad R, Tayeb S, Albeshri T, Yelamanchili SR, Rabie N, et al. Diagnosis of adult onset Still’s disease in a patient who has recovered from Coronavirus-19. Clin Med Insights Case Rep. 2021;14:1179547621996306. doi: 10.1177/1179547621996306</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bamidis AD, Koehler P, di Cristanziano V, Rasche K, Demirel B, Bacher P, et al. First manifestation of adult-onset Still’s disease after COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(5):e319-e321. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00072-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bamidis AD, Koehler P, di Cristanziano V, Rasche K, Demirel B, Bacher P, et al. First manifestation of adult-onset Still’s disease after COVID-19. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(5):e319-e321. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00072-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Magliulo D, Narayan S, Ue F, Boulougoura A, Badlissi F. Adult-onset Still’s disease after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(10):e680-e682. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00219-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Magliulo D, Narayan S, Ue F, Boulougoura A, Badlissi F. Adult-onset Still’s disease after mRNA COVID-19 vaccine. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(10):e680-e682. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00219-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Terracina KA, Tan FK. Flare of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19 vaccination. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(7):e469-e470. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00108-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Terracina KA, Tan FK. Flare of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19 vaccination. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3(7):e469-e470. doi: 10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00108-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baimukhamedov C, Makhmudov S, Botabekova A. Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021;24(11):1440-1441. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14220</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baimukhamedov C, Makhmudov S, Botabekova A. Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021;24(11):1440-1441. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.14220</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lingel H, Meltendorf S, Billing U, Thurm C, Vogel K, Majer C, et al. Unique autoantibody prevalence in long-term recovered SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. J Autoimmun. 2021;122:102682. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102682</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lingel H, Meltendorf S, Billing U, Thurm C, Vogel K, Majer C, et al. Unique autoantibody prevalence in long-term recovered SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. J Autoimmun. 2021;122:102682. doi: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102682</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ. Коронавирусная болезнь 2019 (COVID-19) и аутоиммунитет. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2021;59(1):5-30. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-5-30</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and autoimmunity. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2021;59(1): 5-30 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-5-30</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dotan A, Muller S, Kanduc D, David P, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. The SARS-CoV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(4):102792. doi: 10.1016/ j.autrev.2021.102792</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dotan A, Muller S, Kanduc D, David P, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y. The SARS-CoV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(4):102792. doi: 10.1016/ j.autrev.2021.102792</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Larionova R, Byvaltsev K, Kravtsova О, Takha E, Petrov S, Kazarian G, et al. SARS-Cov2 acute and post-active infection in the context of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Transl Autoimmun. 2022;5:100154. doi: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Larionova R, Byvaltsev K, Kravtsova О, Takha E, Petrov S, Kazarian G, et al. SARS-Cov2 acute and post-active infection in the context of autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. J Transl Autoimmun. 2022;5:100154. doi: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100154</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mettler C, Jonville-Bera AP, Grandvuillemin A, Treluyer JM, Terrier B, Chouchana L. Risk of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination: A global pharmacovigilance study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022;61(2):865-867. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab756</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mettler C, Jonville-Bera AP, Grandvuillemin A, Treluyer JM, Terrier B, Chouchana L. Risk of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination: A global pharmacovigilance study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022;61(2):865-867. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab756</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ottaviani S, Juge PA, Forien M, Ebstein E, Palazzo E, Dieudé P. Polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination: A case-series of ten patients. Joint Bone Spine. 2022;89(2):105334. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105334</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ottaviani S, Juge PA, Forien M, Ebstein E, Palazzo E, Dieudé P. Polymyalgia rheumatica following COVID-19 vaccination: A case-series of ten patients. Joint Bone Spine. 2022;89(2):105334. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2021.105334</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Manzo C, Natale M, Castagna A. Polymyalgia rheumatica as uncommon adverse event following immunization with COVID-19 vaccine: A case report and review of literature. Aging Med (Milton). 2021;4(3):234-238. doi: 10.1002/agm2.12171</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Manzo C, Natale M, Castagna A. Polymyalgia rheumatica as uncommon adverse event following immunization with COVID-19 vaccine: A case report and review of literature. Aging Med (Milton). 2021;4(3):234-238. doi: 10.1002/agm2.12171</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osada A, Sakuragi C, Toya C, Mitsuo A. New-onset polymyalgia rheumatica following the administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Intern Med. 2022;61(5):749-753. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8651-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osada A, Sakuragi C, Toya C, Mitsuo A. New-onset polymyalgia rheumatica following the administration of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. Intern Med. 2022;61(5):749-753. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8651-21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Izuka S, Komai T, Natsumoto B, Shoda H, Fujio K. Self-limited polymyalgia rheumatica-like syndrome following mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Intern Med. 2022;61(6):903-906. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8829-21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Izuka S, Komai T, Natsumoto B, Shoda H, Fujio K. Self-limited polymyalgia rheumatica-like syndrome following mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Intern Med. 2022;61(6):903-906. doi: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8829-21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ursini F, Ruscitti P, Raimondo V, De Angelis R, Cacciapaglia F, Pigatto E, et al. Spectrum of short-term inflammatory musculoskeletal manifestations after COVID-19 vaccine administration: A report of 66 cases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81(3):440-441. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221587</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ursini F, Ruscitti P, Raimondo V, De Angelis R, Cacciapaglia F, Pigatto E, et al. Spectrum of short-term inflammatory musculoskeletal manifestations after COVID-19 vaccine administration: A report of 66 cases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81(3):440-441. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221587</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Al-Adely S, Carmona L, Danila MI, Gossec L, et al.; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: Data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(7):859-866. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217871</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Al-Adely S, Carmona L, Danila MI, Gossec L, et al.; COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance. Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: Data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(7):859-866. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217871</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Белов БС, Лила АМ, Аронова ЕС, Гриднева ГИ, Кудрявцева АВ, и др. Течение и исходы COVID-19 у пациентов с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями: предварительные данные регистра НИИР/ АРР-COVID-19 и обзор литературы. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2021;59(6):666-675. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-666-675</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL, Belov BS, Lila AM, Aronova ES, Gridneva GI, Kudryavtseva AV, et al. Course and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases: Preliminary data from the NIIR/ APP-COVID-19 registry and literature review. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2021;59(6): 666-675 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2021-666-675</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Баймухамедов Ч. Ревматоидный артрит у пожилых: взгляд практического ревматолога. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2020;58(4):447-450. doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-447-450</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baimukhamedov C. Elderly-onset rheumatoid arthritis: An outlook from a practicing rheumatologist. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2020;58(4):447-450 (In Russ.). doi: 10.47360/1995-4484-2020-447-450</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
