<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2023-711-722</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3475</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Синдром Шнитцлер – опыт диагностики, подходы к терапии, ведение пациентов по данным многоцентровой российской когорты</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Schnitzler’s syndrome – diagnostic experience, approaches to therapy, patient management according to a multicenter Russian cohort</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3689-431X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Салугина</surname><given-names>С. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Salugina</surname><given-names>S. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Салугина Светлана Олеговна.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Svetlana O. Salugina.</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pafon1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-2107</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Торгашина</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Torgashina</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna V. Torgashina.</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1587-9137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борзова</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borzova</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2; 950-2181, Japan, Niigata, Nishi-ku, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena Yu. Borzova.</p><p>119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2; 950-2181, Japan, Niigata, Nishi-ku, 8050 Ikarashi 2-no-cho</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4260-0226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рамеев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rameev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vilen V. Rameev.</p><p>119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8428-1281</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Городецкий</surname><given-names>В. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorodetskiy</surname><given-names>V. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim R. Gorodetskiy.</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-1745</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>Е. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>E. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny S. Fedorov.</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-6720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Муравьева</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Muravyeva</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Natalia V. Muravyeva.</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); Niigata University</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Niigata University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>01</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>711</fpage><lpage>722</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Салугина С.О., Торгашина А.В., Борзова Е.Ю., Рамеев В.В., Городецкий В.Р., Федоров Е.С., Муравьева Н.В., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Салугина С.О., Торгашина А.В., Борзова Е.Ю., Рамеев В.В., Городецкий В.Р., Федоров Е.С., Муравьева Н.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Salugina S.O., Torgashina A.V., Borzova E.Y., Rameev V.V., Gorodetskiy V.R., Fedorov E.S., Muravyeva N.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3475">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3475</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – представить опыт диагностики, ведения, терапии ингибиторами интерлейкина (иИЛ) 1 пациентов с синдромом Шнитцлер (СШц) по данным многоцентровой российской когорты.</p><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. В наблюдательное исследование за 10-летний период (2012–2022 гг.) из двух центров (ФГБНУ НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой, ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России) включено 17 пациентов с СШц, которые поступали в стационар или наблюдались амбулаторно, среди них 8 женщин и 9 мужчин. Диагноз у всех соответствовал Страсбургским диагностическим критериям.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Возраст пациентов на момент включения в исследование варьировал от 25 до 81 года (медиана – 53 [46; 56] года), возраст дебюта болезни – от 20 до 72 лет (медиана – 46 [39; 54] лет), длительность заболевания до постановки диагноза – от 1 до 35 лет, у 3 больных она превышала 10 лет, у остальных составляла от 1 до 8 лет (медиана – 6,5 [3; 6] лет). Всем пациентам на догоспитальном этапе были исключены инфекционные и лимфопролиферативные заболевания, моногенные аутовоспалительные заболевания (АВЗ) – CAPS, TRAPS, HIDS. У всех направляющим диагнозом была болезнь Стилла взрослых (БСВ). Клинические проявления заболевания у всех пациентов включали: утомляемость, вялость, усталость, уртикарные кожные высыпания и лихорадочный синдром; в 6 (35,3%) случаях высыпания сопровождались зудом. Оссалгии выявлены у 12 (70,6%), артралгии – у 16 (94,1%), артрит – у 9 (52,9%), миалгии – у 7 (41,2%), потеря веса – у 4 (23,5%), лимфаденопатия – у 6 (35,3%), увеличение печени – у 6 (35,3%), перикардит – у 4 (23,5%), ангиоотеки – у 6 (35,3%), покраснение и сухость в глазах – у 3 (17,6%), боли в горле – у 2 (11,8%), боли в животе – у 1 (5,9%), дистальная полинейропатия – у 2 (11,8%), парестезии – у 1 (5,9%), хондрит ушных раковин – у 1 (5,9%) больного. Моноклональная гаммапатия выявлялась в 100% случаев с уровнем секреции 2,9–15,1 г/л: IgMk (n=10; 64,7%), реже – IgMλ (n=2), IgGk (n=2), IgGλ (n=1), IgAλ (n=1). Белок Бен-Джонса не выявлен ни у одного. У всех пациентов отмечалось повышение скорости оседания эритроцитов (СОЭ) и уровня С-реактивного белка (СРБ). 16 (94,1%) пациентов до включения в исследование получали глюкокортикоиды (ГК) с временным эффектом и его ускользанием при снижении дозы или отмене, 7 – базисные противовоспалительные препараты, включая метотрексат (n=5), гидроксихлорохин (n=2), циклофосфамид (n=1); все применяли нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты, антигистаминные препараты, генно-инженерные биологические препараты, включая анти-В-клеточный препарат ритуксимаб (n=1), моноклональные антитела к IgE – омализумаб (n=2; 1 – без эффекта, 1 – частичный эффект), иИЛ-1 канакинумаб (n=10; 58,8%) подкожно 1 раз в 8 недель, анакинру (n=4; 23,5%) подкожно ежедневно. Длительность применения анакинры, которая назначалась в тестовом режиме, варьировала от 1 недели до 2,5 месяцев с дальнейшим переключением на канакинумаб у 3 пациентов. Длительность использования канакинумаба к моменту анализа колебалась от 7 месяцев до 8 лет. На фоне лечения иИЛ-1 у 10 из 11 больных (90,9%) получен полный ответ со стороны клинических проявлений заболевания, а также снижение СОЭ и уровня СРБ в течение нескольких дней. У 1 пациентки на введение анакинры получен частичный ответ, а при переходе на канакинумаб эффект от лечения был окончательно утерян. Одна пациентка получала иИЛ-6 в течение 8 месяцев с неполным эффектом и переходом на анакинру с положительной динамикой. Таким образом, изначально анакинра была назначена 4 пациентам и заменена на канакинумаб у 2 из них; канакинумаб как первый препарат начали получать 7 пациентов. Лечение анакинрой было продолжено у 2, канакинумабом – у 9 больных. У 1 пациента ввиду стойкого отсутствия рецидивов интервал между введениями канакинумаба был увеличен до 5 месяцев без признаков реактивации, однако в последующем на фоне стресса и рецидивов заболевания интервалы были сокращены до 4 месяцев. У этого же пациента на фоне лечения родился здоровый ребенок. Переносимость терапии у всех пациентов была удовлетворительной, серьезных нежелательных явлений не отмечено.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. СШц – редкое мультифакториальное/не моногенное АВЗ, которое необходимо дифференцировать с рядом ревматических заболеваний и других АВЗ. Дебют во взрослом возрасте, наличие рецидивирующих уртикарных высыпаний в сочетании с лихорадкой и другими проявлениями системного воспалительного ответа являются показанием для обследования на моноклональную секрецию. Применение иИЛ-1 короткого или длительного действия является высокоэффективным и безопасным методом лечения таких пациентов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim – to present the experience of diagnosis, management, and therapy with IL-1 inhibitors in patients with Schnitzler’s syndrome (SchS) according to a multicenter Russian cohort.</p><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. In an observational retrospective study for a 10-year period (2012–2022), 17 patients with SchS who were admitted to the hospital or were observed on an outpatient basis, among them 8 women, 9 men, were included in the study. The diagnosis of all corresponded to the Strasbourg diagnostic criteria.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The age of patients ranged from 25 to 81 years (Me 53 [46; 56] years). The age at the time of the onset of the disease ranged from 20 to 72 years (Me 46 [39; 54] years), the duration of the disease before diagnosis ranged from 1 to 35 years (Me 6.5 [3; 6] years), in 3 it exceeded 10 years, in the rest it ranged from 1 to 8 years. Infectious and lymphoproliferative diseases, monogenic AIDS (CAPS, TRAPS, HIDS) were excluded from all patients at the prehospital stage. The guiding diagnosis for all was Still’s disease in adults. Clinical manifestations of the disease included: fatigue, lethargy, fatigue, rash and fever in all, skin elements were urticular in all, accompanied by itching in 6 (37.5%). Bone pain had 12 (70.6%), arthralgia – 16 (94.1%), arthritis – 9 (52.9%), myalgia – 7 (41.2%), weight loss in 4 (23.5%). Lymphadenopathy (6), enlarged liver (6), pericarditis (4), angioedema (6), redness and dryness in the eyes (3), sore throat (2), abdominal pain (1), distal polyneuropathy (2), paraesthesia (1), chondritis of the auricles were less common (1). Monoclonal gammopathy was detected in all with a secretion level of 2.9–15.1 g/l: IgMk (n=10 (64.7%)), less often IgMλ (n=2), IgGk (n=2), IgGλ (n=1), IgAλ (n=1). Ben-Jones protein was not detected in any of them. All patients had an increase in the level of ESR, CRP. 16 patients before inclusion in the study received GC (94.1%) with a temporary effect and its escape with dose reduction or cancellation, DMARD – 7, among them methotrexate (5), hydroxychloroquine (2), cyclophosphamide (1), also NSAIDs and antihistamines in all, biological drugs: anti-B-cell the drug rituximab (1), monoclonal AT to IgE – omalizumab in 2 (1 – without effect, 1 – partial effect). 11 patients were prescribed IL-1: canakinumab – 9 (52.9%) subcutaneously once every 8 weeks, anakinra – 4 (23.5%) subcutaneously daily. The duration of taking anakinra, which was prescribed in the test mode, ranged from 1 week to 2.5 months with a further switch to canakinumab in 3. The duration of taking canakinumab at the time of analysis ranged from 7 months to 8 years. Against the background of treatment with IL-1, 10 out of 11 (90.9%) received a complete response from the clinical manifestations of the disease and a decrease in the level of ESR and CRP within a few days. In 1 patient, a partial response was received to the administration of anakinra, and when switching to canakinumab, the effect of treatment was finally lost. 1 patient received IL-6 for 8 months with incomplete effect and transition to IL-1 with positive dynamics. In 1 patient, due to the persistent absence of relapses, the interval between canakinumab injections was increased to 5 months without signs of reactivation, but subsequently, against the background of stress and relapses of the disease, the intervals were reduced to 4 months. A healthy child was born in the same patient on the background of treatment. The tolerability of therapy was satisfactory in all patients, no SAE was noted.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. SchS is a rare multifactorial/non–monogenic AID that needs to be differentiated from a number of rheumatic diseases and other AIDS. The onset in adulthood, the presence of recurrent urticarial rashes in combination with fever and other manifestations of a systemic inflammatory response are indications for examination for monoclonal secretion. The use of short- or long-acting IL-1 is a highly effective and safe option in the treatment of such patients.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>аутовоспалительные заболевания</kwd><kwd>синдром Шнитцлер</kwd><kwd>моноклональная гаммапатия</kwd><kwd>терапия</kwd><kwd>ингибиторы ИЛ-1</kwd><kwd>канакинумаб</kwd><kwd>анакинра</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>auto-inflammatory diseases</kwd><kwd>Schnitzler’s syndrome</kwd><kwd>monoclonal gammopathy</kwd><kwd>therapy</kwd><kwd>IL-1 inhibitors</kwd><kwd>canakinumab</kwd><kwd>anakinra</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках фундаментальной научной темы № 1021051302580-4.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hashkes PJ, Laxer RM, Simon A. Textbook of autoinflammation. Springer;2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hashkes PJ, Laxer RM, Simon A. Textbook of autoinflammation. Springer;2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Efthimiou P (ed.). Auto-inflammatory syndromes. Pathophisiology, diagnosis and management. Springer;2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Efthimiou P (ed.). Auto-inflammatory syndromes. Pathophisiology, diagnosis and management. Springer;2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кузьмина НН, Салугина СО, Федоров ЕС. Аутовоспалительные заболевания и синдромы у детей. М.:ИМА-пресс;2012.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kuzmina NN, Salugina SO, Fedorov ES. Autoinflammatory diseases and syndromes in children. Moscow:IMA-press;2012 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Darrieutort-Laffite C, Ansquer C, Aubert H, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Masseau A, Agard C, et al. Rheumatic involvement and bone scan features in Schnitzler syndrome: Initial and follow-up data from a single-center cohort of 25 patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020;22(1):272. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02318-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Darrieutort-Laffite C, Ansquer C, Aubert H, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Masseau A, Agard C, et al. Rheumatic involvement and bone scan features in Schnitzler syndrome: Initial and follow-up data from a single-center cohort of 25 patients. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020;22(1):272. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02318-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borradori L, Rybojad M, Puissant A, Dallot A, Verola O, Morel P. Urticarial vasculitis associated with monoclonal IgM gammopathy: Schnitzler’s syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 1990;123:113-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01831.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borradori L, Rybojad M, Puissant A, Dallot A, Verola O, Morel P. Urticarial vasculitis associated with monoclonal IgM gammopathy: Schnitzler’s syndrome. Br J Dermatol. 1990;123:113-118. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1990.tb01831.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Simon A, Asli B, Braun-Falco M, De Koning H, Fermand JP, Grattan C, et al. Schnitzler’s syndrome: Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Allergy. 2013;68(5):562-568. doi: 10.1111/all.12129</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Simon A, Asli B, Braun-Falco M, De Koning H, Fermand JP, Grattan C, et al. Schnitzler’s syndrome: Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Allergy. 2013;68(5):562-568. doi: 10.1111/all.12129</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gameiro A, Gouveia M, Pereira M, Tellechea O, Gonçalo M. Clinical characterization and long-term follow-up of Schnitzler syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2016;41:461-467. doi: 10.1111/ced.12828</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gameiro A, Gouveia M, Pereira M, Tellechea O, Gonçalo M. Clinical characterization and long-term follow-up of Schnitzler syndrome. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2016;41:461-467. doi: 10.1111/ced.12828</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipsker D. The Schnitzler syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010;5:38-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipsker D. The Schnitzler syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2010;5:38-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanderschueren S, van der Veen A. Schnitzler syndrome: Chronic urticaria in disguide: A single-centre report of 11 cases and a critical reappraisal of the literature. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35:69-73.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanderschueren S, van der Veen A. Schnitzler syndrome: Chronic urticaria in disguide: A single-centre report of 11 cases and a critical reappraisal of the literature. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35:69-73.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sokumbi O, Drage LA, Peters MS. Clinical and histopathologic review of Schnitzler syndrome: The Mayo Clinic experience (1972–2011). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67:1289-1295.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sokumbi O, Drage LA, Peters MS. Clinical and histopathologic review of Schnitzler syndrome: The Mayo Clinic experience (1972–2011). J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67:1289-1295.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Koning HD., Bodar EJ., van der Meer JW; Schnitzler Syndrome Study Group. Schnitzler Syndrome: Beyond the case reports: Review and follow-up of 94 patients with an emphasis on prognosis and treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007;37: 137-148. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Koning HD., Bodar EJ., van der Meer JW; Schnitzler Syndrome Study Group. Schnitzler Syndrome: Beyond the case reports: Review and follow-up of 94 patients with an emphasis on prognosis and treatment. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2007;37: 137-148. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.04.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Federici S, Martini A, Gattorno M. The central role of anti-IL-1 blockade in the treatment of monogenic and multi-factorial autoinflammatory diseases. Front Immunol. 2013;4:351. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00351</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Federici S, Martini A, Gattorno M. The central role of anti-IL-1 blockade in the treatment of monogenic and multi-factorial autoinflammatory diseases. Front Immunol. 2013;4:351. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00351</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Więsik-Szewczyk E, Felis-Giemza A, Dziuk M, Jahnz-Różyk K. Schnitzler syndrome in a 27-year-old man: Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in adult auto-inflammatory syndromes. A case report and literature review. Int J Gen Med. 2020;13:713-719. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S265482</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Więsik-Szewczyk E, Felis-Giemza A, Dziuk M, Jahnz-Różyk K. Schnitzler syndrome in a 27-year-old man: Diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma in adult auto-inflammatory syndromes. A case report and literature review. Int J Gen Med. 2020;13:713-719. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S265482</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asli B, Bienvenu B, Cordoliani F, Brouet JC, Uzunhan Y, Arnulf B, et al. Chronic urticaria and monoclonal IgM gammopathy (Schnitzler syndrome): Report of 11 cases treated with pefloxacin. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(8):1046-1050. doi: 10.1001/arch-derm.143.8.1046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asli B, Bienvenu B, Cordoliani F, Brouet JC, Uzunhan Y, Arnulf B, et al. Chronic urticaria and monoclonal IgM gammopathy (Schnitzler syndrome): Report of 11 cases treated with pefloxacin. Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(8):1046-1050. doi: 10.1001/arch-derm.143.8.1046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gusdorf L, Asli B, Barbarot S, Néel A, Masseau A, Puéchal X, et al. Schnitzler syndrome: Validation and applicability of diagnostic criteria in real-life patients. Allergy. 2017;72(2):177-182. doi: 10.1111/all.13035</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gusdorf L, Asli B, Barbarot S, Néel A, Masseau A, Puéchal X, et al. Schnitzler syndrome: Validation and applicability of diagnostic criteria in real-life patients. Allergy. 2017;72(2):177-182. doi: 10.1111/all.13035</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krause K, Bonnekoh H, Ellrich A, Tsianakas A, Wagner N, Fischer J, et al. Long-term efficacy of canakinumab in the treatment of Schnitzler syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(6):1681-1686.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.909</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krause K, Bonnekoh H, Ellrich A, Tsianakas A, Wagner N, Fischer J, et al. Long-term efficacy of canakinumab in the treatment of Schnitzler syndrome. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020;145(6):1681-1686.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.12.909</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lipsker D, Veran Y, Grunenberger F, Cribier B, Heid E, Grosshans E. The Schnitzler syndrome. Four new cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2001;80(1):37-44. doi: 10.1097/00005792-200101000-00004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipsker D, Veran Y, Grunenberger F, Cribier B, Heid E, Grosshans E. The Schnitzler syndrome. Four new cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2001;80(1):37-44. doi: 10.1097/00005792-200101000-00004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Conlon NP, Hayden P, Barnes L, Doran M, O’Shea F, Feighery C. Schnitzler’s syndrome; a case highlighting the complications of long-standing acquired autoinflammation. Eur J Dermatol. 2014;24(3):405-406. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2014.2345</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Conlon NP, Hayden P, Barnes L, Doran M, O’Shea F, Feighery C. Schnitzler’s syndrome; a case highlighting the complications of long-standing acquired autoinflammation. Eur J Dermatol. 2014;24(3):405-406. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2014.2345</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Claes K, Bammens B, Delforge M, Evenepoel P, Kuypers D, Vanrenterghem Y. Another devastating complication of the Schnitzler syndrome: AA amyloidosis. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158(1):182-184. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08251.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Claes K, Bammens B, Delforge M, Evenepoel P, Kuypers D, Vanrenterghem Y. Another devastating complication of the Schnitzler syndrome: AA amyloidosis. Br J Dermatol. 2008;158(1):182-184. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08251.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Néel A, Henry B, Barbarot S, Masseau A, Perrin F, Bernier C, et al. Long-term effectiveness and safety of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in Schnitzler’s syndrome: A French multicenter study. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(10):1035-1041. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Néel A, Henry B, Barbarot S, Masseau A, Perrin F, Bernier C, et al. Long-term effectiveness and safety of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) in Schnitzler’s syndrome: A French multicenter study. Autoimmun Rev. 2014;13(10):1035-1041. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2014.08.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szturz P, Sedivá A, Zurek M, Adam Z, Stork J, Cermáková Z, et al. Léčba anakinrou u Schnitzlersyndromu – výsledky první retrospektivní multicentrické studie šesti pacientů z České republiky [Anakinra treatment in Schnitzler syndrome – results of the first retrospective multicenter study in six patients from the Czech Republic]. Klin Onkol. 2014;27(2):111-126 (In Czech). doi: 10.14735/amko2014111</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szturz P, Sedivá A, Zurek M, Adam Z, Stork J, Cermáková Z, et al. Léčba anakinrou u Schnitzlersyndromu – výsledky první retrospektivní multicentrické studie šesti pacientů z České republiky [Anakinra treatment in Schnitzler syndrome – results of the first retrospective multicenter study in six patients from the Czech Republic]. Klin Onkol. 2014;27(2):111-126 (In Czech). doi: 10.14735/amko2014111</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Szturz P, Adam Z, Hájek R, Mayer J. Successful anakinra therapy in 2 patients with Schnitzler syndrome. Onkologie. 2011;34(5):265-268. doi: 10.1159/000327816</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Szturz P, Adam Z, Hájek R, Mayer J. Successful anakinra therapy in 2 patients with Schnitzler syndrome. Onkologie. 2011;34(5):265-268. doi: 10.1159/000327816</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vandenhende MA, Bentaberry F, Morlat P, Bonnet F. Anakinra: An effective treatment in the Schnitzler syndrome. Joint Bone Spine. 2011;78(6):636-637. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.03.021</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vandenhende MA, Bentaberry F, Morlat P, Bonnet F. Anakinra: An effective treatment in the Schnitzler syndrome. Joint Bone Spine. 2011;78(6):636-637. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.03.021</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dybowski F, Sepp N, Bergerhausen HJ, Braun J. Successful use of anakinra to treat refractory Schnitzler’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26(2):354-357.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dybowski F, Sepp N, Bergerhausen HJ, Braun J. Successful use of anakinra to treat refractory Schnitzler’s syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26(2):354-357.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gouveia AI, Micaelo M, Pierdomenico F, Freitas JP. Schnitzler syndrome: A dramatic response to anakinra. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2016;6(2):299-302. doi: 10.1007/s13555-016-0108-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gouveia AI, Micaelo M, Pierdomenico F, Freitas JP. Schnitzler syndrome: A dramatic response to anakinra. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb). 2016;6(2):299-302. doi: 10.1007/s13555-016-0108-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kluger N, Rivière S, Guillot B, Bessis D. Efficacy of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) on a refractory case of Schnitzler’s syndrome. Acta Derm Venereol. 2008;88(3):287-288. doi: 10.2340/00015555-0404</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kluger N, Rivière S, Guillot B, Bessis D. Efficacy of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) on a refractory case of Schnitzler’s syndrome. Acta Derm Venereol. 2008;88(3):287-288. doi: 10.2340/00015555-0404</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koch A, Tchernev G, Chokoeva AA, Lotti T, Wollina U. Schnitzler syndrome responding to interleukin-1 antagonist anakinra. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2015;29(1 Suppl):19-21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koch A, Tchernev G, Chokoeva AA, Lotti T, Wollina U. Schnitzler syndrome responding to interleukin-1 antagonist anakinra. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2015;29(1 Suppl):19-21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volz T, Wölbing F, Fischer J, Braun M, Maggoschitz I, Schaller M, et al. Dermal interleukin-1 expression and effective and long-lasting therapy with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in Schnitzler syndrome. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92(4):393-394. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1307</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volz T, Wölbing F, Fischer J, Braun M, Maggoschitz I, Schaller M, et al. Dermal interleukin-1 expression and effective and long-lasting therapy with interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in Schnitzler syndrome. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92(4):393-394. doi: 10.2340/00015555-1307</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krause K, Tsianakas A, Wagner N, Fischer J, Weller K, Metz M, et al. Efficacy and safety of canakinumab in Schnitzler syndrome: A multicenter randomized placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(4):1311-1320. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.041</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krause K, Tsianakas A, Wagner N, Fischer J, Weller K, Metz M, et al. Efficacy and safety of canakinumab in Schnitzler syndrome: A multicenter randomized placebo-controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2017;139(4):1311-1320. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.07.041</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Koning HD, Schalkwijk J, van der Ven-Jongekrijg J, Stoffels M, van der Meer JW, Simon A. Sustained efficacy of the monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 beta antibody canakinumab in a 9-month trial in Schnitzler’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(10):1634-1638. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202192</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Koning HD, Schalkwijk J, van der Ven-Jongekrijg J, Stoffels M, van der Meer JW, Simon A. Sustained efficacy of the monoclonal anti-interleukin-1 beta antibody canakinumab in a 9-month trial in Schnitzler’s syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(10):1634-1638. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202192</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D. Canakinumab in Schnitzler syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013;42:413-416. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.06.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vanderschueren S, Knockaert D. Canakinumab in Schnitzler syndrome. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2013;42:413-416. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.06.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Betrains A, Staels F, Vanderschueren S. Efficacy and safety of canakinumab treatment in Schnitzler syndrome: A systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020;(50):636-642. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.05.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Betrains A, Staels F, Vanderschueren S. Efficacy and safety of canakinumab treatment in Schnitzler syndrome: A systematic literature review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2020;(50):636-642. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.05.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorodetskiy VR, Salugina SO, Fedorov ES. Increasing the interval of canakinumab administration effectively supports the remission of Schnitzler’s syndrome. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2018;2018:5416907. doi: 10.1155/2018/5416907</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorodetskiy VR, Salugina SO, Fedorov ES. Increasing the interval of canakinumab administration effectively supports the remission of Schnitzler’s syndrome. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2018;2018:5416907. doi: 10.1155/2018/5416907</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schnitzler L, Schubert B, Boasson M. Urticaire chronique, lesions osseuses, macroglobulinemie IgM maladie de Waldenstrom. Bull Soc Franc Derm Syph. 1974;81:363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schnitzler L, Schubert B, Boasson M. Urticaire chronique, lesions osseuses, macroglobulinemie IgM maladie de Waldenstrom. Bull Soc Franc Derm Syph. 1974;81:363.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tinazzi E, Puccetti A, Patuzzo G, Sorleto M, Barbieri A, Lunardi C. Schnitzler syndrome, an autoimmune-autoinflammatory syndrome: Report of two new cases and review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev. 2011;10(7):404-409. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.01.003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tinazzi E, Puccetti A, Patuzzo G, Sorleto M, Barbieri A, Lunardi C. Schnitzler syndrome, an autoimmune-autoinflammatory syndrome: Report of two new cases and review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev. 2011;10(7):404-409. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2011.01.003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aceituno Caño AM, Vogt Sánchez EA, León Ruiz L. Schnitzler’s syndrome: A case report. Med Clin (Barc). 2021;157(6):301-302. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.046</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aceituno Caño AM, Vogt Sánchez EA, León Ruiz L. Schnitzler’s syndrome: A case report. Med Clin (Barc). 2021;157(6):301-302. doi: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.046</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yan R, Cao W, Liu X, Li F, Shen M. A Chinese case series of Schnitzler syndrome and complete remission in one tocilizumab-treated patient. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(12):3847-3852. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05204-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yan R, Cao W, Liu X, Li F, Shen M. A Chinese case series of Schnitzler syndrome and complete remission in one tocilizumab-treated patient. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(12):3847-3852. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-05204-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kim YS, Song YM, Bang CH, Seo HM, Lee JH, Park YM, et al. Schnitzler syndrome: A case report and review of literature. Ann Dermatol. 2018;30(4):483-485. doi: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.4.483</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kim YS, Song YM, Bang CH, Seo HM, Lee JH, Park YM, et al. Schnitzler syndrome: A case report and review of literature. Ann Dermatol. 2018;30(4):483-485. doi: 10.5021/ad.2018.30.4.483</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">de Koning HD. Schnitzler’s syndrome: Lessons from 281 cases. Clin Transl Allergy. 2014;4:41. doi: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-41</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">de Koning HD. Schnitzler’s syndrome: Lessons from 281 cases. Clin Transl Allergy. 2014;4:41. doi: 10.1186/2045-7022-4-41</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rowczenio DM, Pathak S, Arostegui JI, Mensa-Vilaro A, Omoyinmi E, Brogan P, et al. Molecular genetic investigation, clinical features, and response to treatment in 21 patients with Schnitzler syndrome. Blood. 2018;131(9):974-981. doi: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-810366</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rowczenio DM, Pathak S, Arostegui JI, Mensa-Vilaro A, Omoyinmi E, Brogan P, et al. Molecular genetic investigation, clinical features, and response to treatment in 21 patients with Schnitzler syndrome. Blood. 2018;131(9):974-981. doi: 10.1182/blood-2017-10-810366</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chu CQ. Schnitzler syndrome and Schnitzler-like syndromes. Chin Med J (Engl). 2022;135(10):1190-1202. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chu CQ. Schnitzler syndrome and Schnitzler-like syndromes. Chin Med J (Engl). 2022;135(10):1190-1202. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000002015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Takimoto-Ito R, Kambe N, Kogame T, Nomura T, Izawa K, Jo T, et al. Summary of the current status of clinically diagnosed cases of Schnitzler syndrome in Japan. Allergol Int. 2023;72(2):297-305. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.11.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Takimoto-Ito R, Kambe N, Kogame T, Nomura T, Izawa K, Jo T, et al. Summary of the current status of clinically diagnosed cases of Schnitzler syndrome in Japan. Allergol Int. 2023;72(2):297-305. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.11.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Салугина СО, Городецкий ВР, Федоров ЕС, Лопатина НЕ, Евсикова МД. Синдром Шнитцлера: обзор литературы, собственное наблюдение, опыт лечения ингибитором интерлейкина-1 канакинумабом. Терапевтический архив. 2017;89(11):111-115. doi: 10.17116/terarkh20178911111-115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salugina SO, Gorodetsky VR, Fedorov ES, Lopatina NE, Evsikova MD. Schnitzler syndrome: A review of literature, the authors’ observation, and experience with the interleukin-1 inhibitor canakinumab. Terapevticheskii arkhiv. 2017;89(11):111-115 (In Russ.). doi: 10.17116/terarkh20178911111-115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bonnekoh H, Frischbutter S, Roll S, Maurer M, Krause K. Tocilizumab treatment in patients with Schnitzler syndrome: An open-label study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(6):2486-2489.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.01.024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bonnekoh H, Frischbutter S, Roll S, Maurer M, Krause K. Tocilizumab treatment in patients with Schnitzler syndrome: An open-label study. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(6):2486-2489.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2021.01.024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zampeli E, Marinos L, Karakatsanis SJ. Images of the month 1: Schnitzler syndrome: An acquired autoinflammatory syndrome. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20(2):229-230. doi: 10.7861/clin-med.2019-0466</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zampeli E, Marinos L, Karakatsanis SJ. Images of the month 1: Schnitzler syndrome: An acquired autoinflammatory syndrome. Clin Med (Lond). 2020;20(2):229-230. doi: 10.7861/clin-med.2019-0466</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eiling E, Schröder JO, Gross WL, Kreiselmaier I, Mrowietz U, Schwarz T. The Schnitzler syndrome: Chronic urticaria and monoclonal gammopathy – An autoinflammatory syndrome? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008;6(8):626-631. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06627.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eiling E, Schröder JO, Gross WL, Kreiselmaier I, Mrowietz U, Schwarz T. The Schnitzler syndrome: Chronic urticaria and monoclonal gammopathy – An autoinflammatory syndrome? J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2008;6(8):626-631. doi: 10.1111/j.1610-0387.2008.06627.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, Kyle RA, Ahmadizadeh I, Clark R, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: A population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014;28(7):1537-1542. doi: 10.1038/leu.2014.34</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Landgren O, Graubard BI, Katzmann JA, Kyle RA, Ahmadizadeh I, Clark R, et al. Racial disparities in the prevalence of monoclonal gammopathies: A population-based study of 12,482 persons from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey. Leukemia. 2014;28(7):1537-1542. doi: 10.1038/leu.2014.34</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bertrand A, Feydy A, Belmatoug N, Fantin B. Schnitzler’s syndrome: 3-year radiological follow-up. Skeletal Radiol. 2007;36(2):153-156. doi: 10.1007/s00256-006-0093-5</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bertrand A, Feydy A, Belmatoug N, Fantin B. Schnitzler’s syndrome: 3-year radiological follow-up. Skeletal Radiol. 2007;36(2):153-156. doi: 10.1007/s00256-006-0093-5</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferrando FJ, Pujol J, Hortells JL, Navarro M, Piñol J, Carapeto FJ. Schnitzler’s syndrome: Report of a case with bone osteolysis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1994;4(4):203-205.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferrando FJ, Pujol J, Hortells JL, Navarro M, Piñol J, Carapeto FJ. Schnitzler’s syndrome: Report of a case with bone osteolysis. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 1994;4(4):203-205.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schrödl K, Nigg A, Treitl M, Flaig M, Jansson A, Schulze-Koops H, et al. Schnitzler’s disease as an important differential diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: A case report. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2012;2012:318791. doi: 10.1155/2012/318791</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schrödl K, Nigg A, Treitl M, Flaig M, Jansson A, Schulze-Koops H, et al. Schnitzler’s disease as an important differential diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: A case report. Case Rep Rheumatol. 2012;2012:318791. doi: 10.1155/2012/318791</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henning MAS, Jemec GBE, Ibler KS. Incomplete Schnitzler syndrome. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2020;28(1):38-40.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henning MAS, Jemec GBE, Ibler KS. Incomplete Schnitzler syndrome. Acta Dermatovenerol Croat. 2020;28(1):38-40.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krause K. Complete remission in 3 of 3 anti-IL-6-treated patients with Schnitzler syndrome. JACI. 2012;129(3):8848-8850. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krause K. Complete remission in 3 of 3 anti-IL-6-treated patients with Schnitzler syndrome. JACI. 2012;129(3):8848-8850. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.10.031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сrisafulli F, Airo P, Franceschini F, Tincani A, Frassi M. FRI0480 Schnitzler’s syndrome: Description of an Italian multicenter cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:837. doi: 10.1136/ann-rheumdis-2020-eular.3770</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Сrisafulli F, Airo P, Franceschini F, Tincani A, Frassi M. FRI0480 Schnitzler’s syndrome: Description of an Italian multicenter cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:837. doi: 10.1136/ann-rheumdis-2020-eular.3770</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
