rspНаучно-практическая ревматологияRheumatology Science and Practice1995-44841995-4492IMA-PRESS, LLC10.47360/1995-4484-2024-192-202rsp-3550Research ArticleОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯORIGINAL RESEARCHМетотрексат и иммуногенность вакцин у пациентов с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниямиMethotrexate and immunogenicity of vaccines in patients with rheumatic diseaseshttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7091-2054БеловБ. С.BelovВ. S.

Белов Борис Сергеевич

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а

Boris S. Belov

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A

belovbor@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-6720МуравьеваН. В.MuravyevaN. V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а

Natalia V. Muravyeva

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-8360НасоновЕ. Л.NasonovЕ. L.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а;

119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2

Evgeny L. Nasonov

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A;

119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of RheumatologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of Russian Federation (Sechenov University)Russian Federation202429042024622192202Copyright © Белов Б.С., Муравьева Н.В., Насонов Е.Л., 20242024Белов Б.С., Муравьева Н.В., Насонов Е.Л.Belov В.S., Muravyeva N.V., Nasonov Е.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3550

В настоящее время метотрексат (МТ) остается одним из наиболее часто применяемых в ревматологии иммуносупрессивных препаратов, однако его влияние на иммуногенность вакцин до недавнего времени изучалось лишь в ограниченной степени, что привело к отсутствию четких рекомендаций по применению МТ во время вакцинации. Значительный прогресс был достигнут во время пандемии COVID-19 благодаря динамичному развитию исследований вакцин, в том числе у пациентов с иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями. В обзоре представлены данные о влиянии МТ на иммуногенность вакцин против гриппа, пневмококка, опоясывающего герпеса, столбняка/дифтерии/коклюша, желтой лихорадки и COVID-19 (включая гуморальный и клеточный ответы) у ревматологических больных. Продемонстрирована необходимость соблюдения определенных временных интервалов при проведении вакцинации в случае использования МТ. Представлены потенциальные механизмы, посредством которых МТ оказывает влияние на иммуногенность вакцин. Подчеркивается важность дальнейших клинических исследований с целью оценки воздействия терапии МТ на вакцинальный ответ и отработки методик его оптимизации.

Currently, methotrexate (MT) remains one of the immunosuppressive drugs most commonly used in rheumatology. However, its effect on the immunogenicity of vaccines has until recently been studied only to a limited extent, which has led to the lack of clear recommendations for the use of MT during vaccination. Significant progress was made during the COVID-19 pandemic due to the dynamic development of vaccine research, including in patients with immuno-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. The review presents data on the effect of MT on the immunogenicity of vaccines against influenza, pneumococcus, herpes zoster, tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis, yellow fever and COVID-19 (including humoral and cellular responses) in rheumatological patients. The necessity of observing certain time intervals during vaccination in the case of MT use has been demonstrated. The potential mechanisms by which MT influences the immunogenicity of vaccines are presented. The importance of further clinical studies is emphasized in order to assess the effect of MT therapy on the vaccine response and to develop methods for its optimization.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.