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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2024-262-279</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3574</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПРОГРЕСС В РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ В XXI ВЕКЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PROGRESS IN RHEUMATOLOGY IN THE XXI CENTURY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Фармакотерапия аутоиммунных ревматических заболеваний – от моноклональных антител к CAR-T-клеткам: 20 лет спустя</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pharmacotherapy of autoimmune rheumatic diseases – from monoclonal antibodies to CAR T cells: 20 years later</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-8360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насонов Евгений Львович – доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, научный руководитель ФГБНУ НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой; профессор кафедры внутренних, профессиональных болезней и ревматологии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p><p> </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny L. Nasonov</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A,</p><p>119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasonov@irramn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-5960</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Румянцев</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rumyantsev</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доктор медицинских наук, профессор, академик РАН, Президент</p><p>117197, Москва, ул. Саморы Машела, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander G. Rumyantsev</p><p>117197, Moscow, Samory Mashela str., 1</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2685-1623</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самсонов</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samsonov</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кандидат медицинских наук, доцент кафедры фармакологии ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет); медицинский директор АО «Р-Фарм»</p><p>119421, Москва, Ленинский проспект 111</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail Yu. Samsonov</p><p>119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2, </p><p>119421, Moscow, Leninsky avenue, 111 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»;&#13;
ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology;&#13;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБУ «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр детской гематологии, онкологии и иммунологии имени Дмитрия Рогачева» Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет);&#13;
АО «Р-ФАРМ»<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University);&#13;
R-Pharm, JSC<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>26</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>62</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>262</fpage><lpage>279</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Насонов Е.Л., Румянцев А.Г., Самсонов М.Ю., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Насонов Е.Л., Румянцев А.Г., Самсонов М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nasonov E.L., Rumyantsev A.G., Samsonov M.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3574">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3574</self-uri><abstract><p>Аутоиммунитет – патологический процесс, связанный с нарушением иммунологической толерантности к нормальным структурным компонентам организма (аутоантигенам), который ассоциируется с преобладанием активации приобретенного (адаптивного) иммунитета и проявляется гиперпродукцией аутоантител. Системные аутоиммунные ревматические заболевания (САРЗ) относятся к числу наиболее частых и тяжелых нозологических форм этой патологии, связанной с аутоиммунитетом. Проблемы фармакотерапии САРЗ являются предметом интенсивных исследований. В начале XXI века для лечения ревматоидного артрита разработано более 20 генно-инженерных биологических препаратов – моноклональные антитела и рекомбинантные белки, – позволяющих контролировать воспаление, связанное с гиперпродукцией «провоспалительных» цитокинов, применение которых позволило кардинально улучшить результаты фармакотерапии. Однако изучению возможностей фармакотерапии, направленной на селективное подавление «аутоиммунного» компонента патогенеза САРЗ, связанного с неконтролируемой активацией В-клеток и восстановлением иммунологической толерантности к аутоантигенам, посвящено значительно меньше исследований. В спектре препаратов, механизм действия которых связан с подавлением патологической активации В-клеток, ведущее место занимает ритуксимаб (РТМ). Примечательно, что 20 лет назад (в 2004 г.) группа исследователей под руководством профессора J.C. Edwards впервые продемонстрировала эффективность РТМ у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом, и данный препарат вскоре был с успехом репозиционирован для лечения широкого круга САРЗ. Крупное достижение фармакотерапии САРЗ связано с применением CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) Т-клеточной терапии, разработанной для лечения рефрактерных гематологических опухолей. Основным компонентом CAR-Т-клеток является генно-инженерный Т-клеточный рецептор, распознающий антиген-мишень без участия главного комплекса гистосовместимости. Хотя и немногочисленные, но чрезвычайно впечатляющие данные, касающиеся высокой частоты достижения ремиссии, получены в процессе адаптации CD19 CAR-T-клеточной терапии для лечения пациентов с тяжелым течением системной красной волчанки (СКВ) и других САРЗ, рефрактерных к стандартным иммуносупрессивным препаратам. В статье обсуждаются результаты применения CAR-T-клеточной терапии при СКВ и других САРЗ и перспективы дальнейших исследований.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Autoimmunity is a pathological process associated with a violation of immunological tolerance to normal structural components of the body (autoantigens), associated with the predominance of active (adaptive) immunity and manifested by hyperproduction of autoantibodies. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) are among the most common and severe nosological forms of this pathology associated with autoimmunity. Problems of pharmacotherapy of SARDs are the subject of intensive research. At the beginning of the 21st century, more than 20 biologic agents were developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis – monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and recombinant proteins that control inflammation associated with the overproduction of “pro-inflammatory” cytokines, the use of which has dramatically improved the results of pharmacotherapy. However, much less research has been devoted to studying the possibilities of pharmacotherapy aimed at selective suppression of the “autoimmune” component of the pathogenesis of SADRs associated with uncontrolled activation of B cells and restoration of immunological tolerance to autoantigens. In the spectrum of drugs whose mechanism of action is associated with the suppression of pathological activation of B cells, the leading place is occupied by rituximab (RTM). It is noteworthy that 20 years ago (2004), a group of researchers led by prof. J.C. Edwards first demonstrated the effectiveness of RTM in patients with RA, which was soon successfully repositioned to treat a wide range of SARDs. A major achievement in the pharmacotherapy of SARDs is associated with the use of CAR (сhimeric antigen receptor) T cell therapy, developed for the treatment of refractory hematological tumors. The main component of CART-cells is a genetically engineered T-cell receptor that recognizes the target antigen without the participation of the major histocompatibility complex. Although limited, extremely impressive data regarding high remission rates have been obtained by adapting CD19 CART-cell therapy to treat patients with severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other SARDs refractory to standard immunosuppressive medications. The article discusses the results of the use of CART-cell therapy in SLE and other SARDs and prospects for further research.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системные аутоиммунные ревматические заболевания</kwd><kwd>ритуксимаб</kwd><kwd>анти-В-клеточная терапия</kwd><kwd>CAR-Т-клеточная терапия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases</kwd><kwd>rituximab</kwd><kwd>anti-B cell therapy</kwd><kwd>CART-cells therapy</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Theofilopoulos AN, Kono DH, Baccala R. The multiple pathways to autoimmunity. Nat Immunol. 2017;18(7):716-724. doi: 10.1038/ni.3731</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Theofilopoulos AN, Kono DH, Baccala R. The multiple pathways to autoimmunity. 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