rspНаучно-практическая ревматологияRheumatology Science and Practice1995-44841995-4492IMA-PRESS, LLC10.47360/1995-4484-2024-348-364rsp-3600Research ArticleПРОГРЕСС В РЕВМАТОЛОГИИ В XXI ВЕКЕPROGRESS IN RHEUMATOLOGY IN THE XXI CENTURYФармакотерапия гигантоклеточного артериита и ревматической полимиалгии: перспективы применения моноклональных антител к интерлейкину 6Pharmacotherapy of giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: Prospects for the use of monoclonal antibodies to interleukin 6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-8360НасоновЕ. Л.NasonovEvgeny L.

Насонов Евгений Львович

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а

119991, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, 8, стр. 2 

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A

119991, Moscow, Trubetskaya str., 8, building 2

nasonov@irramn.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1508-0854СатыбалдыевА. М.SatybaldyevAzamat M.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2365-5734ОттеваЭ. Н.OttevaElvira N.

680009, Хабаровск, ул. Краснодарская, 9 

680009, Khabarovsk, Krasnodarskaya str., 9

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2641-9785БекетоваТ. В.BeketovaTatiana V.

115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а

121356, Москва, ул. Маршала  Тимошенко, 15

107023, Москва, ул. Большая Семёновская, 38

115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A

121359, Moscow, Marshala Timoshenko str., 19, building 1A

107023, Moscow, Bolshaya Semyonovskaya str., 38

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7847-1679БарановА. А.BaranovAndrey A.

150000, Ярославль, ул. Революционная, 5

150000, Yaroslavl, Revolyutsionnaya str., 5 

ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет имени И.М. Сеченова» Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)Russian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of RheumatologyRussian FederationКГБОУ ДПО «Институт повышения квалификации специалистов здравоохранения» Минздрава Хабаровского краяРоссияInstitute for Advanced Training of Healthcare ProfessionalsRussian FederationФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»; ФГБУ «Центральная клиническая больница с поликлиникой» Управления делами Президента Российской Федерации; ФГАОУ ВО «Московский политехнический университет»РоссияV.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology; Central State Medical Academy of the Administrative Directorate of the President of the Russian Federation; Moscow Polytechnic UniversityRussian FederationФГБОУ ВО «Ярославский государственный медицинский университет» Минздрава РоссииРоссияYaroslavl State Medical UniversityRussian Federation202402092024624348–364Copyright © Насонов Е.Л., Сатыбалдыев А.М., Оттева Э.Н., Бекетова Т.В., Баранов А.А., 20242024Насонов Е.Л., Сатыбалдыев А.М., Оттева Э.Н., Бекетова Т.В., Баранов А.А.Nasonov E.L., Satybaldyev A.M., Otteva E.N., Beketova T.V., Baranov A.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3600

Гигантоклеточный артериит (ГКА) и ревматическая полимиалгия (РПМ) – иммуновоспалительные ревматические заболевания (ИВРЗ), особенностью которых является их развитие у лиц старше 50 лет. В настоящее время ГКА и РПМ рассматриваются в рамках единой комплексной аутоиммуно-аутовоспалительной патологии, определяемой как «заболевания спектра ГКА-РПМ» (GCA-PMR (giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica) spectrum disease). Это нашло отражение в разработке общих рекомендация по фармакотерапии в рамках стратегии «лечение до достижения цели» (treat-to-target), хотя конкретные подходы к лечению больных с ГКА и РПМ отличаются в зависимости от клинико-патогенетических характеристик каждой нозологической формы. Глюкокортикоиды (ГК) занимают центральное место в лечении ГКА и РПМ. Обращает на себя внимание парадоксальное несоответствие между высокой эффективностью ГК в краткосрочной перспективе и нарастанием тяжести патологии, связанной с сохраняющейся воспалительной активностью и накоплением органных повреждений, индуцированных ГК, в отдаленной перспективе, что свидетельствует о необходимости совершенствования терапии, в первую очередь в направлении оптимизации применения ГК. Новые возможности фармакотерапии ГКА и РПМ (как и других ИВРЗ) связаны с применением генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП), блокирующих активность цитокинов, участвующих в иммунопатогенезе заболеваний, а в последние годы – ингибиторов JAK (Janus kinase). Среди фармакологических «мишеней» особое внимание привлекает интерлейкин (ИЛ) 6 – плейотропный цитокин, участвующий в развитии воспаления, иммунного ответа, иммунометаболизма, канцерогенеза, ремоделирования стенки сосудов и др. В настоящее время разработано несколько ГИБП, специфичных в отношении как рецепторов ИЛ-6, так и самого ИЛ-6: гуманизированные моноклональные антитела (мАТ) к рецептору ИЛ-6 (тоцилизумаб) и человеческие мАТ к рецептору ИЛ-6 (сарилумаб и левилимаб (БИОКАД)), гуманизированные мАТ к ИЛ-6 – олокизумаб (Р-ФАРМ) и др. В статье суммированы данные, касающиеся эффективности и безопасности тоцилизумаба при ГКА и РПМ, рекомендации по применению ингибиторов ИЛ-6 при этих заболеваниях, обсуждены перспективы дальнейших исследований.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) and polymyalgia rheumatica (RPM) are immune-mediated rheumatic disease (IMRDs), which typically develop in people over 50 years of age. Currently, GCA and PMR are considered within a single complex autoimmune-autoinflammatory pathology, defined as “GCA-PMR spectrum disease”. This was reflected in the development of general recommendations for pharmacotherapy within the framework of the “treat-to-tar get” strategy, although specific approaches to the treatment of patients with GCA and RPM differ depending on the clinical and pathogenetic characteristics of each nosological form. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are central to the treatment of GCA and RPM. Attention is drawn to the paradoxical discrepancy between the high effectiveness of GCs in the short term and the increasing severity of pathology associated with persistent inflammatory activity and the accumulation of organ damage induced by GCs in the long term, which indicates the need to improve therapy, primarily in the direction of optimizing the use of GCs. New opportunities for pharmacotherapy of GCA and RPM (as well as other IMRDs) are associated with the use of biologic agents that block the activity of cytokines involved in the immunopathogenesis of diseases, and in recent years, JAK (Janus kinase) inhibitors. Among pharmacological “targets,” special attention is drawn to interleukin (IL) 6, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in the development of inflammation, immune response, immunometabolism, cancerogenesis, vascular wall remodeling, etc. Currently, several biologic agents have been developed that are specific to both IL-6 receptor and IL-6: humanized monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the IL-6 receptor (tocilizumab), and human mAbs to IL-6 receptor (sarilumab and levilimab (BIOCAD)), humanized mAbs to IL-6 olokizumab (R-PHARM), etc. The article summarizes data regarding the effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab in GCA and RPM, recommendations for the use of IL-6 inhibitors in these diseases and discusses the prospects for further research.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.