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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2025-46-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3696</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФОРУМ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>YOUNG SCIENTISTS FORUM</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Активация моноцитов и ранние проявления сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у больных иммуновоспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Activation of monocytes and early manifestations of cardiovascular diseases in patients with immuneinflammatory rheumatic diseases</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2947-7334</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалыгина</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalygina</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шалыгина Мария Владимировна – аспирант 2-го года ФГБНУ НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой.</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p><p>Научный руководитель: Попкова Татьяна Валентиновна, д.м.н., заведующая лабораторией системной красной волчанки ФГБНУ НИИР им. В.А. Насоновой.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria V. Shalygina.</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shalygina_97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>46</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шалыгина М.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шалыгина М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shalygina M.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3696">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3696</self-uri><abstract><p>Системная красная волчанка (СКВ) и ревматоидный артрит (РА) – это иммуновоспалительные ревматические заболевания (ИВРЗ), сопровождающиеся высоким риском развития сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний (ССЗ). Несмотря на достижения в диагностике и терапии, риск возникновения ССЗ при ИВРЗ в 1,8–2,8 раза выше, чем у лиц без аутоиммунных заболеваний. Он увеличен на ранней стадии болезни, ассоциируется с высокой клинической активностью, длительностью болезни, потребностью в госпитализации и летальностью. По современным данным, ССЗ у пациентов с СКВ и РА рассматривается как следствие системного (субклинического) воспалительного процесса, индуцируемого патологической активацией основных звеньев врожденного и приобретенного иммунитета, чаще развивающееся у пациентов с низким или умеренным кардиоваскулярным риском. Основными клетками врожденной иммунной системы, участвующими в развитии и поддержании воспаления, являются моноциты и макрофаги. Выделяют два основных фенотипа макрофагов – М1 (провоспалительный) и М2 (противовоспалительный). М1-макрофаги продуцируют основные провоспалительные цитокины: интерлейкин (ИЛ) 6, ИЛ-23, фактор некроза опухоли α, – участвующие в поддержании воспаления путем вовлечения новых иммунных клеток, в то время как М2-макрофаги секретируют противовоспалительные медиаторы и ограничивают развитие воспаления. Предполагается, что дисбаланс между двумя фенотипами может лежать в основе СКВ, РА, а также ранних проявлений ССЗ.</p><p>В настоящее время с целью выявления субклинических ССЗ применяют различные диагностические неинвазивные методы, которые могут обеспечить дополнительную возможность стратификации риска для бессимптомных пациентов. Большое значение имеет мониторинг артериальной жесткости как один из маркеров, характеризующих сосудистое ремоделирование при развитии ранних признаков атеросклероза. Несколько исследований продемонстрировали эффективность новых методов эхокардиографии (тканевой допплерографии), особенно определения глобальной продольной деформации с помощью метода speckle tracking, при оценке субклинического поражения сердца и диастолической дисфункции левого желудочка. Уточнение взаимосвязи провоспалительной активации моноцитов с ранними сердечно-сосудистыми нарушениями у больных СКВ и РА может способствовать пониманию единых патогенетических механизмов при ИВРЗ и ССЗ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRDs) associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Despite advances in diagnostics and therapy, the risk of cardiovascular pathology is 1.8–2.8 times higher than in individuals without autoimmune diseases, is increased at an early stage of the disease, and is associated with high clinical activity, disease duration, need for hospitalization, and mortality. According to modern data, CVD in patients with SLE and RA is considered a consequence of a systemic (subclinical) inflammatory process induced by pathological activation of the main components of innate and acquired immunity, more often developing in patients with low or moderate cardiovascular risk. The main cells of the innate immune system involved in the development and maintenance of inflammation are monocytes and macrophages. There are two main phenotypes of macrophages: M1 (proinflammatory) and M2 (anti-inflammatory). M1 macrophages produce the main proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL) 6, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor α, which are involved in maintaining inflammation by engaging new immune cells, while M2 secrete anti-inflammatory mediators and limit inflammation. It is assumed that an imbalance between the two phenotypes may underlie SLE, RA, and the development of early manifestations of CVD.</p><p>Currently, various diagnostic non-invasive methods are used to visualize subclinical CVD, the results of which can provide additional values for risk stratification for asymptomatic patients. The importance of monitoring arterial stiffness as one of the markers characterizing vascular remodeling in the development of early signs of atherosclerosis has been confirmed. Several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of new echocardiographic techniques (tissue Doppler), especially global longitudinal strain using speckle tracking, in assessing subclinical cardiac damage and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Thus, clarifying the relationship between proinflammatory monocyte activation and early cardiovascular disorders in patients with SLE and RA will contribute to understanding the common pathogenetic mechanisms in IRDs and CVD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системная красная волчанка</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd><kwd>активация моноцитов</kwd><kwd>артериальная ригидность</kwd><kwd>speckle tracking</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic lupus erythematosus</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd><kwd>monocyte activation</kwd><kwd>arterial stiffness</kwd><kwd>speckle tracking</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-15-00227.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ, Авдеева АС. 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