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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2025-176-182</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3727</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORIGINAL RESEARCH</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Воспалительный ответ культивируемых макрофагов пациентов с нелеченной  системной склеродермией</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Inflammatory response of cultured macrophages in treatment-naive patients with systemic sclerosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5815-561X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герасимова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerasimova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Герасимова Елена Владимировна</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elena V. Gerasimova</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gerasimovaev@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1188-1945</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богатырева</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogatyreva</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia I. Bogatyreva</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2899-9202</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириченко</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichenko</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Kirichenko</p><p>119991, Moscow, Abrikosovskiy lane, 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5793-4689</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попкова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popkova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatiana V. Popkova</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4688-9637</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаяхметова</surname><given-names>Р. У.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shayakhmetova</surname><given-names>R. U.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rushana U. Shayakhmetova</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-6426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьева</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananyeva</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidia P. Ananyeva</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3781-6340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркина</surname><given-names>Ю. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markina</surname><given-names>Yu. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yuliya V. Markina</p><p>119991, Moscow, Abrikosovskiy lane, 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-7924</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Маркин</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Markin</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>119991, Москва, Абрикосовский пер., 2 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander M. Markin</p><p>119991, Moscow, Abrikosovskiy lane, 2 </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6495-1628</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орехов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Orekhov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117418, Москва, Профсоюзная ул., 33, корп. 4</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander N. Orekhov</p><p>117418, Moscow, Profsoyuznaya str., 33, korpus 4</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Российский научный центр хирургии имени академика&#13;
Б.В. Петровского»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>National Research University Higher School of Economics</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>182</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Герасимова Е.В., Богатырева А.И., Кириченко Т.В., Попкова Т.В., Шаяхметова Р.У., Ананьева Л.П., Маркина Ю.В., Маркин А.М., Орехов А.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Герасимова Е.В., Богатырева А.И., Кириченко Т.В., Попкова Т.В., Шаяхметова Р.У., Ананьева Л.П., Маркина Ю.В., Маркин А.М., Орехов А.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gerasimova E.V., Bogatyreva A.I., Kirichenko T.V., Popkova T.V., Shayakhmetova R.U., Ananyeva L.P., Markina Y.V., Markin A.M., Orekhov A.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3727">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3727</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Хроническое воспаление является одним из основных факторов прогрессирования системной склеродермии (ССД). Макрофаги, активированные по провоспалительному пути, могут рассматриваться как основные клетки, поддерживающие хроническое системное воспаление.</p><p>Цель исследования – оценка воспалительного ответа и резистентности макрофагов у пациентов с системной склеродермией для определения наиболее значимых медиаторов воспаления в патогенезе данного заболевания.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 34 пациента с нелеченной ССД и 17 человек контрольной группы. Макрофаги получали путем культивирования моноцитов периферической крови. Ответ макрофагов анализировался по отклонениям показателей базальной, стимулированной липополисахаридами (ЛПС) и рестимулированной секреции по фактору некроза опухоли α (ФНО-α), интерлейкину (ИЛ) 1β, CCL2 (C-C motif</p><p>ligand 2) и ИЛ-8 у больных ССД по сравнению с контролем. Оценка уровня базальной и ЛПС-стимулированной секреции проводилась на 1-е сутки. Вторую стимуляцию ЛПС проводили на 7-е сутки для оценки ответа клетки на повторную стимуляцию (рестимулированная секреция) для характеристики резистентности иммунного ответа макрофагов. Резистентность (толерантность) клеток рассчитывалась как отношение секреции при повторной стимуляции к ЛПС-стимулированной секреции. Концентрации ФНО-α, ИЛ-1β, CCL2 и ИЛ-8 в культуральной жидкости определялись с использованием иммуноферментного анализа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Базальная и рестимулированная секреция всех исследуемых цитокинов макрофагами, полученными из моноцитов периферической крови, была статистически значимо выше в группе ССД по сравнению с контрольной группой; ЛПС-стимулированная секреция в группе ССД была выше только по ИЛ-1β. Нарушение резистентности иммунного ответа макрофагов по CCL2 выявлено у 50% пациентов с нелеченной ССД.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Результаты исследования демонстрируют провоспалительный ответ макрофагов с повышенными уровнями базальной и рестимулированной секреции ФНО-α, ИЛ-1β, CCL2 и ИЛ-8, а также нарушение резистентности иммунного ответа макрофагов у нелеченных пациентов с ССД по CCL2. Полученные данные свидетельствуют об активном участии CCL2 в развитии хронического воспаления у больных ССД, что может рассматриваться как основание для разработки новых терапевтических подходов при ССД. </p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Сhronic inflammation is one of the main factors in the progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Macrophages activated via a proinflammatory pathway can be considered as major participants in the maintaining of system chronic lowgrade inflammation.</p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response and of macrophages in patients with systemic sclerosis to reveal the most significant inflammatory mediators in pathogenesis of this disease.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study included 34 treatment-naive SSc patients and 17 controls. Macrophages were obtained by culturing peripheral blood monocytes. The macrophage response was analyzed by deviations in the parameters of basal, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated, and restimulated secretion of the tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 1β, C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2), and IL-8 by cultured macrophages in SSc patients compared to the control group. The levels of basal and LPS-stimulated secretion were assessed on day 1. The second LPS stimulation was performed on day 7 to assess the cell response to repeated stimulation (restimulated secretion) after the first stimulation to characterize the resistance of the macrophage immune response. Cell resistance (tolerance) was calculated as the ratio of secretion during repeated stimulation to LPS-stimulated secretion. Concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, and IL-8 cytokines in the culture fluid were determined out using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Basal and restimulated secretion of all studied cytokines was significantly higher in the SSc group compared to the control group; LPS-stimulated secretion was statistically significantly higher in the SSс group only for IL-1β. Impaired resistance of the immune tolerance of macrophages to CCL2 was detected in 50% of treatment-naive SSc patients.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate a pro-inflammatory response of macrophages with increased levels of basal and restimulated secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2 and IL-8, as well as impaired tolerance of the immune response of macrophages in treatment-naive SSc patients in relation to the secretion of CCL2. These data indicate the active participation of CCL2 in the development of chronic inflammation in SSc that can be considered as a target for the development of new therapeutic approaches for SSc.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системная склеродермия</kwd><kwd>макрофаги</kwd><kwd>воспаление</kwd><kwd>цитокины</kwd><kwd>иммунная толерантность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic sclerosis</kwd><kwd>macrophages</kwd><kwd>inflammation</kwd><kwd>cytokines</kwd><kwd>immune tolerance</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках гранта Российского научного фонда № 24-15-00227</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volkmann ER, Andréasson K, Smith V. Systemic sclerosis. 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