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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2025-119-128</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3734</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПЕРЕДОВАЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LEADING ARTICLE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Интерстициальные заболевания легких и аутоиммунитет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Interstitial lung diseases and autoimmunity</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-8360</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонов</surname><given-names>Е. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonov</surname><given-names>E. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Насонов Евгений Львович</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny L. Nasonov</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nasonov@irramn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3248-6426</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананьева</surname><given-names>Л. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananyeva</surname><given-names>L. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lidia P. Ananyeva</p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6050-724X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Белевский</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belevsky</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кафедра пульмонологии</p><p>117513, город Москва, ул Островитянова, д. 1 стр. 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey S. Belevsky</p><p>Department of Pulmonology</p><p>117513, Moscow, Ostrovityanova str., 1, building 6</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Russian National Research Medical University named  after N.I. Pirogov"  of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>63</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>119</fpage><lpage>128</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Насонов Е.Л., Ананьева Л.П., Белевский А.С., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Насонов Е.Л., Ананьева Л.П., Белевский А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Nasonov E.L., Ananyeva L.P., Belevsky A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3734">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3734</self-uri><abstract><p>Поражение легких относится к числу частых системных проявлений системных аутоиммунных ревматических заболеваний (САРЗ), при которых в патологический процесс вовлекаются все компоненты респираторной системы. Особенно важное место занимают интерстициальные заболевания легких (ИЗЛ), нередко приводящие к развитию прогрессирующего легочного фиброза (ПЛФ). В рамках ИЗЛ, асоциированных с САРЗ, условно выделяются следующие клинические категории пациентов: ИЗЛ у пациентов с достоверным диагнозом САРЗ; ИЗЛ как первое проявление САРЗ; ИЗЛ или интерстициальные пневмонии с аутоимунными признаками. Клинические фенотипы ИЗЛ при САРЗ (ИЗЛ-САРЗ) варьируют от «бессиптомных» до «быстро прогрессирующих», в разной степени связанных с факторами риска поражения легких, что следует учитывать при проведении целенаправленного клинико-лабораторного и инструментального скрининга и назначении противовоспалительной и антифиброзной терапии. В практике пульмонолога пациент с ИЗЛ может иметь уже установленное ранее САРЗ, либо этот диагноз может быть заподозрен на основании ряда клинических симптомов, характерных для ревматических заболеваний. Диагностика ИЗЛ, ассоциированных с САРЗ, представляет сложную проблему, что диктует необходимость мультидисциплинарного подхода, основанного на взаимодействии ревматологов, пульмонологов и рентгенологов. Возможности и перспективы фармакотерапии ИЗЛ-САРЗ основаны на рациональном использовании противовоспалительных, иммуномодулирующих и антифиброзных препаратов. Следует акцентировать внимание на следующих основных проблемах, связанных с фармакотерапией ИЗЛ-САРЗ: выделение пациентов с быстро прогрессирующим в отношении легочного фиброза фенотипом заболевания; вклад активности воспаления; эффективность терапии в отношении ведущих «внелегочных» проявлений САРЗ с одной стороны и токсичности в отношении легких – с другой в рамках реализации концепции «лечение до достижения цели». Крупнейшее достижение фармакотерапии аутоиммунных болезней связано с применением CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) Т-клеточной терапии, механизм действия которой связан с элиминацией патогенных аутореактивных В-клеток. Предварительные данные свидетельствуют о ее высокой эффективности в отношении широкого спектра клинических проявлений при САРЗ, в том числе при прогрессировании ИЗЛ у пациентов с системной склеродермией и антисинтетазным синдромом, и являются веским доказательством важной роли аутоиммунных механизмов в патогенезе ИЗЛ.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Lung disease is one of the most common manifestations of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs), involving all parts of the respiratory system in the pathological process. Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are of great importance and often lead to the development of progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF). The following clinical categories of patients are distinguished within ILDs associated with SARDs (ILD-SARDs): ILD in patients with a reliable diagnosis of SARDs; ILD as the first manifestation of SARDs; ILD or interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features. Clinical phenotypes of ILD-SARDs vary from «asymptomatic» to «rapidly progressing» are related with risk factors for progressive lung damage. These phenotypes should be considered for conducting clinical, laboratory and instrumental screening and prescribing anti-inflammatory or antifibrotic therapy. In the pulmonology practice a patient with ILD may have previously established SARDs, or this diagnosis could be suspected based on a number of clinical symptoms of rheumatic diseases. Problem of ILD-SARDs diagnostic is very complex, which determines a multidisciplinary approach based on the interaction with rheumatologists, pulmonologists and radiologists. The possibilities and perspectives for pharmacotherapy of ILD-SARDs are based on the rational use of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antifibrotic drugs. The following issues related to pharmacotherapy of ILD-SARDs should be emphasized: identification of patients with a rapidly progressing phenotype of pulmonary fibrosis; the contribution of inflammatory activity; the effectiveness of therapy in relation to the leading “extrapulmonary” manifestations of SARDs and pneumotoxicity within the implementation of the “treat to target” concept. The greatest achievement in the pharmacotherapy of autoimmune diseases is associated with the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, which mechanism is associated with the elimination of pathogenic autoreactive B-cells. Preliminary data of CAR T-cell therapy indicate the high efficacy in a wide range of clinical manifestations of SARDs, including the progression of ILD in patients with systemic sclerosis and antisynthetase syndrome, and there are strong evidence of the important role of autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ILD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>системные аутоиммунные ревматические заболевания</kwd><kwd>интерстициальные заболевания легких</kwd><kwd>аутоантитела</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>systemic autoimmune interstitial lung diseases</kwd><kwd>autoantibodies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenblum MD, Remedios KA, Abbas AK. Mechanisms of human autoimmunity. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(6):2228-233. doi: 10.1172/JCI78088</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenblum MD, Remedios KA, Abbas AK. 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