<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47360/1995-4484-2026-89-98</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-3879</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>РЕВМООРТОПЕДИЯ И РЕАБИЛИТАЦИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ORTHOPEDIC RHEUMATOLOGY AND REHABILITATION</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Современное состояние вопроса эндопротезирования лучезапястного сустава у пациентов с ревматоидным артритом: обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Current status of total wrist arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A literature review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5068-3536</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Горелова</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorelova</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Горелова Анастасия Ивановна</p><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anastasia I. Gorelova </p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">anst.fm@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-7404</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Макаров</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Makarov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maxim A. Makarov </p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6068-3080</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лила</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lila</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p><p>125993, Москва, ул. Баррикадная, 2/1, стр. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksander M. Lila </p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p><p>125993, Moscow, Barrikadnaya str., 2/1, building 1</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3202-8954</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломацкий</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomatsky</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>115522, Москва, Каширское шоссе, 34а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly V. Kolomatsky </p><p>115522, Moscow, Kashirskoye Highway, 34A</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой» ; ФГБОУ ДПО «Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования» Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology ; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>64</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>98</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Горелова А.И., Макаров М.А., Лила А.М., Коломацкий В.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Горелова А.И., Макаров М.А., Лила А.М., Коломацкий В.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorelova A.I., Makarov M.A., Lila A.M., Kolomatsky V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3879">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/3879</self-uri><abstract><p>Суставы кисти наиболее часто и одними из первых вовлекаются в патологический процесс при ревматоидном артрите (РА), что приводит к нарушению функциональной активности, неспособности выполнять профессиональную деятельность, значительным затруднениям в бытовом самообслуживании и снижению качества жизни. Целью хирургического лечения поражений кисти является достижение баланса между минимальным уровнем боли и максимально возможным сохранением функции. Применяются суставосберегающие методы хирургического лечения, однако при выраженном поражении структур запястья вариантами выбора остаются тотальный артродез лучезапястного сустава (ТАЛЗС) или тотальное эндопротезирование лучезапястного сустава (ТЭЛЗС).ТАЛЗС является надежной, безопасной, экономически и технически доступной процедурой с предсказуемыми отдаленными результатами, однако это вмешательство приводит к полному отсутствию движений в лучезапястном суставе (ЛЗС), что относится к серьезным недостаткам и заставляет искать альтернативные варианты хирургического лечения. В начале 2000-х годов появились импланты для ТЭЛЗС IV поколения, которые отличаются от своих предшественников высокой анатомичностью, сохранением большего объема костной ткани при их установке, лучшими показателями выживаемости, использованием специальных покрытий для улучшения интеграции с костной тканью, биомеханической стабильностью, а также пригодностью для ревизии в случае ее необходимости.Главными преимуществами ТЭЛЗС перед ТАЛЗС являются сохранение подвижности, а в ряде случаев – увеличение объема движений в ЛЗС, что имеет большое значение для повседневной и профессиональной деятельности пациентов. По данным публикуемых отчетов за 10–15-летний период наблюдения, отмечаются рост показателей выживаемости и снижение числа осложнений и ревизий после ТЭЛЗС, однако в настоящее время процедура считается менее надежной по сравнению с ТАЛЗС. Для достижения отдаленных результатов ТЭЛЗС у пациентов с РА, сравнимых с выживаемостью тотального эндопротезирования коленного и тазобедренного суставов, необходим правильный подбор пациентов и учет особенностей заболевания, а также совершенствование уровня предоперационного планирования и техники оперативного вмешательства на основании ежегодно публикуемых отчетов и данных реестров.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The joints of the hand are most frequently involved in pathological process in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This is the cause of future functional impairment, inability to perform professional activities, significant difficulties in activities of daily living, and worsening of life quality. The goal of surgical treatment of hand involvement is to achieve a balance between minimal pain and maximal preservation of function. Joint-preserving surgical techniques are applied; however, in cases of severe wrist joint destruction, total wrist fusion (arthrodesis) (TWF) or total wrist arthroplasty (TWA) remain the treatment options of choice.TWF is a reliable, safe, cost-effective, and technically availability procedure with predictable long-term outcomes; however, it causes complete loss of ROM (range of motion) in wrist joint, which represents a major drawback and following search for alternative surgical options. In the early 2000s, fourth-generation TWA implants were introduced, that characterized by improved anatomical design, greater preservation of bone stock during implantation, higher survivorship rates, the usage of specialized coatings to enhance osseointegration, biomechanical stability, and applicability for revision when required.The main advantages of TWA over TWF include preservation of wrist motion and, in some cases, an increase in ROM, which are vitally important for patients’ daily and professional activities. Accordingly, to published reports with 10–15 years of follow-up, survivorship rates have increased and the incidence of complications and revisions following TWA has decreased; nevertheless, TWA procedure is currently considered less reliable than TWF. To achieve long-term outcomes of TWA in patients with RA comparable to those of total knee and hip arthroplasty – appropriate patient selection, consideration of disease-specific characteristics, and continuous improvement of preoperative planning and surgical technique based on annually published reports and registry data are required.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лучезапястный сустав</kwd><kwd>тотальное эндопротезирование лучезапястного сустав</kwd><kwd>тотальный артродез лучезапястного сустава</kwd><kwd>ревматоидный артрит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wrist joint</kwd><kwd>total wrist arthroplasty</kwd><kwd>total wrist arthrodesis</kwd><kwd>rheumatoid arthritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990– 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-1222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">GBD 2019 Diseases and Injuries Collaborators. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990– 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204-1222. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30925-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ассоциация ревматологов России. Ревматоидный артрит: клинические рекомендации. 2024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Association of Rheumatologists of Russia. Rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical guidelines. 2024 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Балабанова РМ, Эрдес ШФ. Ревматические заболевания у взрослого населения в федеральных округах России. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(1):5-7. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-5-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Balabanova RM, Erdes ShF. Rheumatic diseases in the adult population in the federal districts of Russia. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologia = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(1):5-7 (In Russ.). doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-5-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trieb K. Arthrodesis of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. World J Orthop. 2014;5(4):512-515. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i4.512</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trieb K. Arthrodesis of the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis. World J Orthop. 2014;5(4):512-515. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v5.i4.512</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Trieb K, Hofstaetter SG. Treatment strategies in surgery for rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Radiol. 2009;71(2):204-210. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.04.050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Trieb K, Hofstaetter SG. Treatment strategies in surgery for rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Radiol. 2009;71(2):204-210. doi: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.04.050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yelin EH, Such CL, Criswell LA, Epstein WV. Outcomes for persons with rheumatoid arthritis with a rheumatologist versus a non-rheumatologist as the main physician for this condition. Med Care. 1998;36(4):513-522. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199804000-00007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yelin EH, Such CL, Criswell LA, Epstein WV. Outcomes for persons with rheumatoid arthritis with a rheumatologist versus a non-rheumatologist as the main physician for this condition. Med Care. 1998;36(4):513-522. doi: 10.1097/00005650-199804000-00007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Montecucco C, Todoerti M, Sakellariou G, Scirè CA, Caporali R. Low-dose oral prednisone improves clinical and ultrasonographic remission rates in early rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a 12-month open-label randomised study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(3):112. doi: 10.1186/ar3838</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Montecucco C, Todoerti M, Sakellariou G, Scirè CA, Caporali R. Low-dose oral prednisone improves clinical and ultrasonographic remission rates in early rheumatoid arthritis: Results of a 12-month open-label randomised study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2012;14(3):112. doi: 10.1186/ar3838</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belt EA, Kaarela K, Lehto MU. Destruction and reconstruction of hand joints in rheumatoid arthritis. A 20 year follow-up study. J Rheumatol. 1998;25(3):459-461.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belt EA, Kaarela K, Lehto MU. Destruction and reconstruction of hand joints in rheumatoid arthritis. A 20 year follow-up study. J Rheumatol. 1998;25(3):459-461.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cordtz R, Hawley S, Prieto-Alhambra D, Højgaard P, Zobbe K, Kristensen LE, et al. Reduction in upper limb joint surgery among rheumatoid arthritis patients: An interrupted time-series analysis using danish health care registers. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020;72(2):274-282. doi: 10.1002/acr.23835</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cordtz R, Hawley S, Prieto-Alhambra D, Højgaard P, Zobbe K, Kristensen LE, et al. Reduction in upper limb joint surgery among rheumatoid arthritis patients: An interrupted time-series analysis using danish health care registers. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2020;72(2):274-282. doi: 10.1002/acr.23835</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Galvis EJ, Pessa J, Scheker LR. Total joint arthroplasty of the distal radioulnar joint for rheumatoid arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(9):1699-1704. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.03.043</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Galvis EJ, Pessa J, Scheker LR. Total joint arthroplasty of the distal radioulnar joint for rheumatoid arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2014;39(9):1699-1704. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.03.043</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bidwai AS, Cashin F, Richards A, Brown DJ. Short to medium results using the remotion total wrist replacement for rheumatoid arthritis. Hand Surg. 2013;18(2):175-178. doi: 10.1142/S0218810413500202</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bidwai AS, Cashin F, Richards A, Brown DJ. Short to medium results using the remotion total wrist replacement for rheumatoid arthritis. Hand Surg. 2013;18(2):175-178. doi: 10.1142/S0218810413500202</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salazar Botero S, Igeta Y, Facca S, Pizza C, Hidalgo Diaz JJ, Liverneaux PA. Surgical technique: About a new total and isoelastic wrist implant (Prosthelast®). Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2018;28(8):1525-1530. doi: 10.1007/s00590-018-2271-2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salazar Botero S, Igeta Y, Facca S, Pizza C, Hidalgo Diaz JJ, Liverneaux PA. Surgical technique: About a new total and isoelastic wrist implant (Prosthelast®). Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2018;28(8):1525-1530. doi: 10.1007/s00590-018-2271-2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Badge R, Kailash K, Dickson DR, Mahalingam S, Raza A, Birch A, et al. Medium-term outcomes of the Universal-2 total wrist arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B(12):1642-1647. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.98B12.37121</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Badge R, Kailash K, Dickson DR, Mahalingam S, Raza A, Birch A, et al. Medium-term outcomes of the Universal-2 total wrist arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B(12):1642-1647. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.98B12.37121</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pfanner S, Munz G, Guidi G, Ceruso M. Universal 2 wrist arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. J Wrist Surg. 2017;6(3):206-215. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1598637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pfanner S, Munz G, Guidi G, Ceruso M. Universal 2 wrist arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis. J Wrist Surg. 2017;6(3):206-215. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1598637</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matsui Y, Minami A, Kondo M, Ishikawa J, Motomiya M, Iwasaki N. A minimum 5-year longitudinal study of a new total wrist arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2020;45(3):255.e1-255.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.06.011</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matsui Y, Minami A, Kondo M, Ishikawa J, Motomiya M, Iwasaki N. A minimum 5-year longitudinal study of a new total wrist arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2020;45(3):255.e1-255.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2019.06.011</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sivakumar B, Piercey J, Graham D. Wrist arthroplasty to facilitate communication in the hearing impaired. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2020;25(3):384-387. doi: 10.1142/S2424835520720145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivakumar B, Piercey J, Graham D. Wrist arthroplasty to facilitate communication in the hearing impaired. J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol. 2020;25(3):384-387. doi: 10.1142/S2424835520720145</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scott DL, Houssien DA, Laasonen L. Proposed modification to Larsen’s scoring methods for hand and wrist radiographs. Br J Rheumatol. 1995;34(1):56. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/34.1.56</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scott DL, Houssien DA, Laasonen L. Proposed modification to Larsen’s scoring methods for hand and wrist radiographs. Br J Rheumatol. 1995;34(1):56. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/34.1.56</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каратеев ДЕ, Степанова ЕА, Лучихина ЕЛ. Методические рекомендации по рентгенологическим методам исследования при ревматоидном артрите и анкилозирующем спондилите. Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2022;18(18):12-25. doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2022-18-18-12-25</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karateev DE, Stepanova EA, Luchikhina EL. Practical guidelines for radiological investigation methods in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Effective Pharmacotherapy. 2022;18(18):12-25 (In Russ.). doi: 10.33978/2307-3586-2022-18-18-12-25</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hodgson SP, Stanley JK, Muirhead A. The Wrightington classification of rheumatoid wrist X-rays: A guide to surgical management. J Hand Surg Br. 1989;14(4):451-455. doi: 10.1016/0266-7681_89_90168-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hodgson SP, Stanley JK, Muirhead A. The Wrightington classification of rheumatoid wrist X-rays: A guide to surgical management. J Hand Surg Br. 1989;14(4):451-455. doi: 10.1016/0266-7681_89_90168-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chung KC, Pushman AG. Current concepts in the management of the rheumatoid hand. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(4):736- 747;quiz 747. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.01.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chung KC, Pushman AG. Current concepts in the management of the rheumatoid hand. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(4):736- 747;quiz 747. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.01.019</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Blazar PE, Gancarczyk SM, Simmons BP. Rheumatoid hand and wrist surgery: Soft tissue principles and management of digital pathology. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019;27(21):785-793. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00608</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Blazar PE, Gancarczyk SM, Simmons BP. Rheumatoid hand and wrist surgery: Soft tissue principles and management of digital pathology. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019;27(21):785-793. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-17-00608</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei DH, Feldon P. Total wrist arthrodesis: Indications and clinical outcomes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2017;25(1):3-11. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-15-00424</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wei DH, Feldon P. Total wrist arthrodesis: Indications and clinical outcomes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2017;25(1):3-11. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-15-00424</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hazewinkel MHJ, Lans J, Lunn KN, Garg R, Eberlin KR, Chen NC. Complications and factors associated with reoperation following total wrist fusion. J Wrist Surg. 2020;9(6):498-508. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714683</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hazewinkel MHJ, Lans J, Lunn KN, Garg R, Eberlin KR, Chen NC. Complications and factors associated with reoperation following total wrist fusion. J Wrist Surg. 2020;9(6):498-508. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714683</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rodriguez-Merchan EC, Tabeayo-Alvarez ED, Shojaie B, Kachooei AR. Total wrist arthrodesis: An update on indications, technique and outcomes. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2023;11(3):144-153. doi: 10.22038/ABJS.2022.65875.3154</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rodriguez-Merchan EC, Tabeayo-Alvarez ED, Shojaie B, Kachooei AR. Total wrist arthrodesis: An update on indications, technique and outcomes. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2023;11(3):144-153. doi: 10.22038/ABJS.2022.65875.3154</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hayden RJ, Jebson PJ. Wrist arthrodesis. Hand Clin. 2005;21(4):631-640. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2005.08.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hayden RJ, Jebson PJ. Wrist arthrodesis. Hand Clin. 2005;21(4):631-640. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2005.08.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Weiss AP, Kamal RN, Shultz P. Total wrist arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013;21(3):140-148. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-21-03-140</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Weiss AP, Kamal RN, Shultz P. Total wrist arthroplasty. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2013;21(3):140-148. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-21-03-140</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Taii T, Matsumoto T, Tanaka S, Nakamura I, Ito K, Juji T. Wrist arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis using an LCP metaphyseal locking plate versus an AO wrist fusion plate. Int J Rheumatol. 2018;2018:4719634. doi: 10.1155/2018/4719634</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Taii T, Matsumoto T, Tanaka S, Nakamura I, Ito K, Juji T. Wrist arthrodesis in rheumatoid arthritis using an LCP metaphyseal locking plate versus an AO wrist fusion plate. Int J Rheumatol. 2018;2018:4719634. doi: 10.1155/2018/4719634</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizzo M, Cooney WP 3rd. Current concepts and treatment for the rheumatoid wrist. Hand Clin. 2011;27(1):57-72. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2010.09.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizzo M, Cooney WP 3rd. Current concepts and treatment for the rheumatoid wrist. Hand Clin. 2011;27(1):57-72. doi: 10.1016/j.hcl.2010.09.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gates DH, Walters LS, Cowley J, Wilken JM, Resnik L. Range of motion requirements for upper-limb activities of daily living. Am J Occup Ther. 2016;70(1):7001350010p1-7001350010p10. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2016.015487</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gates DH, Walters LS, Cowley J, Wilken JM, Resnik L. Range of motion requirements for upper-limb activities of daily living. Am J Occup Ther. 2016;70(1):7001350010p1-7001350010p10. doi: 10.5014/ajot.2016.015487</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berber O, Garagnani L, Gidwani S. Systematic review of total wrist arthroplasty and arthrodesis in wrist arthritis. J Wrist Surg. 2018;7(5):424-440. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1646956</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berber O, Garagnani L, Gidwani S. Systematic review of total wrist arthroplasty and arthrodesis in wrist arthritis. J Wrist Surg. 2018;7(5):424-440. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1646956</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Александров ТИ, Прохоренко ВМ, Чорний СИ. Эндопротезирование лучезапястного сустава: обзор литературы и анализ собственных наблюдений. Современные проблемы науки и образования. 2017;(4). URL: https://science-education.ru/article/view?id=26607 (date of access: 20 August 2025).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov TI, Prokhorenko VM, Chorniy SI. Total wrist arthroplasty: Literature review and analysis of authors’ own observations. Modern Problems of Science and Education. 2017;(4) (In Russ.). URL: https://science-education.ru/article/view?id=26607 (date of access: 20 August 2025).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Swanson AB. Flexible implant arthroplasty for arthritic disabilities of the radiocarpal joint. A silicone rubber intramedullary stemmed flexible hinge implant for the wrist joint. Orthop Clin North Am. 1973;4(2):383-394.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Swanson AB. Flexible implant arthroplasty for arthritic disabilities of the radiocarpal joint. A silicone rubber intramedullary stemmed flexible hinge implant for the wrist joint. Orthop Clin North Am. 1973;4(2):383-394.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goodman MJ, Millender LH, Nalebuff ED, Phillips CA. Arthroplasty of the rheumatoid wrist with silicone rubber: An early evaluation. J Hand Surg Am. 1980;5(2):114-121. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(80)80141-9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goodman MJ, Millender LH, Nalebuff ED, Phillips CA. Arthroplasty of the rheumatoid wrist with silicone rubber: An early evaluation. J Hand Surg Am. 1980;5(2):114-121. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(80)80141-9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nair R. Review article: Total wrist arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2014;22(3):399-405. doi: 10.1177/230949901402200326</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nair R. Review article: Total wrist arthroplasty. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2014;22(3):399-405. doi: 10.1177/230949901402200326</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vogelin E, Nagy L. Fate of failed Meuli total wrist arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Br. 2003;28(1):61-68. doi: 10.1054/jhsb.2002.0812</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vogelin E, Nagy L. Fate of failed Meuli total wrist arthroplasty. J Hand Surg Br. 2003;28(1):61-68. doi: 10.1054/jhsb.2002.0812</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cooney WP 3rd, Beckenbaugh RD, Linscheid RL. Total wrist arthroplasty. Problems with implant failures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;(187):121-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cooney WP 3rd, Beckenbaugh RD, Linscheid RL. Total wrist arthroplasty. Problems with implant failures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;(187):121-128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Volz RG. Total wrist arthroplasty. A clinical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;(187):112-120.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Volz RG. Total wrist arthroplasty. A clinical review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;(187):112-120.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatia R. Total wrist arthroplasty. OA Orthopaedics. 2014;2(1):1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhatia R. Total wrist arthroplasty. OA Orthopaedics. 2014;2(1):1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rizzo M, Beckenbaugh RD. Results of biaxial total wrist arthroplasty with a modified (long) metacarpal stem. J Hand Surg Am. 2003;28(4):577-584. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(03)00204-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rizzo M, Beckenbaugh RD. Results of biaxial total wrist arthroplasty with a modified (long) metacarpal stem. J Hand Surg Am. 2003;28(4):577-584. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(03)00204-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Morapudi SP, Marlow WJ, Withers D, Ralte P, Gabr A, Waseem M. Total wrist arthroplasty using the Universal 2 prosthesis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2012;20(3):365-368. doi: 10.1177/230949901202000321</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morapudi SP, Marlow WJ, Withers D, Ralte P, Gabr A, Waseem M. Total wrist arthroplasty using the Universal 2 prosthesis. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong). 2012;20(3):365-368. doi: 10.1177/230949901202000321</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nydick JA, Watt JF, Garcia MJ, Williams BD, Hess AV. Clinical outcomes of arthrodesis and arthroplasty for the treatment of posttraumatic wrist arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2013;38(5):899-903. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.02.013</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nydick JA, Watt JF, Garcia MJ, Williams BD, Hess AV. Clinical outcomes of arthrodesis and arthroplasty for the treatment of posttraumatic wrist arthritis. J Hand Surg Am. 2013;38(5):899-903. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.02.013</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ferreres A, Lluch A, Del Valle M. Universal total wrist arthroplasty: Midterm follow-up study. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(6):967-973. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.03.034</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ferreres A, Lluch A, Del Valle M. Universal total wrist arthroplasty: Midterm follow-up study. J Hand Surg Am. 2011;36(6):967-973. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2011.03.034</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Насонов ЕЛ (ред.). Ревматоидный артрит. Ревматология. Национальное руководство. М.:ГЭОТАР-Медиа;2008:290-331.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nasonov EL (ed.). Rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology. National Guide. Moscow:GEOTAR-media;2008:290-331 (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zijlker HJA, Ritt MJPF, Beumer A. Fourth-generation total wrist arthroplasty: A systematic review of clinical outcomes. J Wrist Surg. 2021;11(5):456-464. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735840</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zijlker HJA, Ritt MJPF, Beumer A. Fourth-generation total wrist arthroplasty: A systematic review of clinical outcomes. J Wrist Surg. 2021;11(5):456-464. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735840</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sugiura Y, Iwamoto T, Suzuki T, Kimura H, Matsumura N, Sato K, et al. Computed tomography-based three-dimensional preoperative planning for total wrist arthroplasty. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2020;4(2):208-211. doi: 10.1080/24725625.2020.1741115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sugiura Y, Iwamoto T, Suzuki T, Kimura H, Matsumura N, Sato K, et al. Computed tomography-based three-dimensional preoperative planning for total wrist arthroplasty. Mod Rheumatol Case Rep. 2020;4(2):208-211. doi: 10.1080/24725625.2020.1741115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ota M, Matsui Y, Kawamura D, Urita A, Endo T, Iwasaki N. Correlation between carpal rotational alignment and postoperative wrist range of motion following total wrist arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):821. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05776-x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ota M, Matsui Y, Kawamura D, Urita A, Endo T, Iwasaki N. Correlation between carpal rotational alignment and postoperative wrist range of motion following total wrist arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23(1):821. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05776-x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
