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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2005-560</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-698</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Роль апоптоза в патогенезе ревматоидного артрита и остеоартроза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Role of apoptosis in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубиков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubikov</surname><given-names>A I</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Belogolovyh</surname><given-names>L A</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Belogolovyh</surname><given-names>L A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Medved</surname><given-names>E E</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Medved</surname><given-names>E E</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2005</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>02</month><year>2005</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title>№1 (2005)</issue-title><fpage>64</fpage><lpage>68</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дубиков А.И., Belogolovyh L.A., Medved E.E., 2005</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2005</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дубиков А.И., Belogolovyh L.A., Medved E.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dubikov A.I., Belogolovyh L.A., Medved E.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/698">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/698</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Барышников А.Ю., Шишкин Ю.В. Иммунологические проблемы апоптоза. М., Эдиториал УРСС, 2002, 320 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ярилин А.А. Апоптоз: природа феномена и его роль в норме и при патологии. В кн.: Актуальные проблемы патофизиологии: Избранные лекции. Под ред. Б.Б. Мороза. М., Медицина, 2001, 13-56.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Akaike A., Banno Y., Osawa Y. et al. Synergistic induction of apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells by H(2)0(2) and N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal. J. Orthop. Sci„ 2003, 8 (3), 346-351.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baker S.J., Reddy E.P. Modulation of life and death by the ФНО receptor family. Oncogene, 1998, 17, 3261-3270.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blanco F.J., Guitian R., Vazquez-Martul E. et al. Osteoarthritis chondrocytes die by apoptosis. Arthr. Rheum., 1998, 41, 284-289.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Catrina A.I., Ulfgren A.K., Lindblad S. et al. Low levels of apoptosis and high FLIP expression in early rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2002, 61 (10), 934936.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deveraux Q.L., Roy N. Stennicke H.R. et al. IAPs block apoptotic events induced by caspase-8 and cytochrome с by direct inhibition of distinct caspases. EMBO J., 1998, 17, 2215-2223.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dhein J., Waiczak H., Baumier C. et al. Autocrine T-cell suicide mediated by APO-l/(Fas/CD-95). Nature, 1995, 373, 43S-44I.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Doi T.S., Takahashi Т., Taguchi O. et al. NF-kappaB RelA-deficient lymphocytes: normal development of T- cells and В cells, impaired production of IgA and lgGl and reduces proliferative responces. J. Exp. Med., 1997, 185, 953-961.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Firestein G.S., Yeo М., Zvaifler N. J. Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J. Clin. Invest., 1995, 96, 16311638.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Green D.R. Apoptotic pathway: the road to ruin. Cell, 1998, 94, 695-698.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Han Z., Boyle D.L., Aupperle K.L. et al. Jun N-terminal kinase in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 1999, 91, 124-130.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hashimoto S., Ochs R.L., Komiya S. et al. Linkage of chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation in human Osteoarthritis. Arthr. Rheum., 1998, 41, 1632-1638.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hashimoto S., Takahashi K., Amiel D. et al. Chondrocyte apoptosis and nitric oxide production during experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Arthr. Rheum., 1998, 41, 12661274.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hasunuma Т., Hoa T.T., Aono H. et al. Induction of Fas- dependent apoptosis in synovial infiltrating cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Int. Immunol., 1996, 8, 1595-1602.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hasunuma Т., Kayagaki N.* Asahara H. et al. Accumulation of soluble Fas in inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr. Rheum., 1997, 40, 80-86.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Highton J., Hessian P.A., Kean A. et al. Cell death by apoptosis is a feature of the rheumatoid nodule. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2003, 62 (1), 77-80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hilbers I., Hansen Т., Petrow P.K. et al. Expression of the apoptosis accelerator Bax in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Rheum. Int., 2003, 23 (2), 75-81.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hoa T.T., Hasunuma Т., Aono H. et al. Novel mechanisms of selective apoptosis in synovial T cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheum., 1996, 23, 1332-1337.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hsu H., Xiong J., Goeddel D.V. The ФНО receptor 1- associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF- kappa? activation. Cell, 1995, 91, 495-504.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Huh S.J., Paik D.J., Chung H.S. et al. Regulation of GRB2 and FL1CE2 expression by ФНО-alpha in rheumatoid synovium. Immunol. Lett., 2003, 90 (2-3), 93-96.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ito C.Y., Adey N., Bautch V.L. et al. Structure and evolution of the human IKBA gene. Genomics, 1995, 29, 490495.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Itoh K, Hase H., Kojima H. et al. Central role of mitochondria and p53 in Fas-mediated apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Rheum., 2004, 43, 277-285.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jobin C., Panja A., Hellerbrand C. et al. Inhibition of proinflammatory molecule production by adenovirus-mediated expression of a nuclear factor kappaB super-repressor in human intestinal epithelial cells. J. Immunol., 1998, 160, 410-418.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Juo P., Kuo C.J., Yuan J. et al. Essential requirement for caspase-8/FLICE in the initiation of the Fas-induced apoptotic cascade. Current Biol., 1998, 8, 1001-1008.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kawakami A., Eguchi K., Matsuoka N. et al. Inhibition of Fas antigen-mediated apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial cells in vitro by transforming growth factor beta 1. Arthr. Rheum., 1996, 39, 1267-1276.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kawakami A., Urayama S., Yamasaki S. et al. Anti-apop- togenic function of TGFbetal for human synovial cells: TGFbetal protects cultured synovial cells from mitochondrial perturbation induced by several apoptogenic stimuli. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2004, 63 (I), 95-97.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kim D.Y. Role of chondrocyte apoptosis in the pathogenesis of equine osteoarthritis. A Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Baton Rouge LA, Louisiana Univ. Press, 2002.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kim H.A., Lee YJ., Seong S-C. et al. Apoptotic chondrocyte death in human osteoarthritis. J. Rheum., 2000, 27, 455-462.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kim S.H., Kim S., Oligino T.J. et al. Effective treatment of established mouse collagen-induced arthritis by systemic administration of dendritic cells genetically modified to express FasL. Mol. Ther., 2002, 6 (5), 584-590.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kubohara Y., Hosaka K. The putative morphogen, DIF-1, of Dictyostelrum discoideum activates Akt/PKB in human leukemia K562 cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 1999. 263, 790-796.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lee S.W., Lee H.J., Chung W.T. et al. TRAIL induces apoptosis of chondrocytes and influences the pathogenesis of experimentally induced rat osteoarthritis. Arthr. 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Lett., 2002, 83 (2) , 85-93.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zdichavsky М., Schorpp C., Nickels A. et al. Analysis of bcl-2+ lymphocyte subpopulation to inflammatory synovial infiltrates by a double-immunostaining technique. Rheum. Int., 1996, 16, 151-157.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zhang H.D., Huang N., Liu D. et al. Gene therapy that inhibits nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappaB results in tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis of human synovial fibroblasts. Arthr. Rheum., 2000, 43, 10941105.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zou H., Li Y., Liu X. et al. An APAF-I cytochrome с multimeric complex is a functional apoptosome that activate procaspase-9. J. Biol. Chem., 1999. 274. 11549-11556.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Барышников А.Ю., Шишкин Ю.В. Иммунологические проблемы апоптоза. М., Эдиториал УРСС, 2002, 320 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ярилин А.А. Апоптоз: природа феномена и его роль в норме и при патологии. В кн.: Актуальные проблемы патофизиологии: Избранные лекции. Под ред. Б.Б. Мороза. М., Медицина, 2001, 13-56.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Akaike A., Banno Y., Osawa Y. et al. Synergistic induction of apoptosis of rheumatoid arthritis synovial cells by H(2)0(2) and N-acetyl-leucyl-leucyl-norleucinal. J. Orthop. Sci„ 2003, 8 (3), 346-351.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Baker S.J., Reddy E.P. Modulation of life and death by the ФНО receptor family. Oncogene, 1998, 17, 3261-3270.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blanco F.J., Guitian R., Vazquez-Martul E. et al. Osteoarthritis chondrocytes die by apoptosis. Arthr. Rheum., 1998, 41, 284-289.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Catrina A.I., Ulfgren A.K., Lindblad S. et al. Low levels of apoptosis and high FLIP expression in early rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2002, 61 (10), 934936.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Deveraux Q.L., Roy N. Stennicke H.R. et al. IAPs block apoptotic events induced by caspase-8 and cytochrome с by direct inhibition of distinct caspases. EMBO J., 1998, 17, 2215-2223.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dhein J., Waiczak H., Baumier C. et al. Autocrine T-cell suicide mediated by APO-l/(Fas/CD-95). Nature, 1995, 373, 43S-44I.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Doi T.S., Takahashi Т., Taguchi O. et al. NF-kappaB RelA-deficient lymphocytes: normal development of T- cells and В cells, impaired production of IgA and lgGl and reduces proliferative responces. J. Exp. Med., 1997, 185, 953-961.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Firestein G.S., Yeo М., Zvaifler N. J. Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. J. Clin. Invest., 1995, 96, 16311638.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Green D.R. Apoptotic pathway: the road to ruin. Cell, 1998, 94, 695-698.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Han Z., Boyle D.L., Aupperle K.L. et al. Jun N-terminal kinase in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther., 1999, 91, 124-130.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hashimoto S., Ochs R.L., Komiya S. et al. Linkage of chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage degradation in human Osteoarthritis. Arthr. Rheum., 1998, 41, 1632-1638.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hashimoto S., Takahashi K., Amiel D. et al. Chondrocyte apoptosis and nitric oxide production during experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Arthr. Rheum., 1998, 41, 12661274.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hasunuma Т., Hoa T.T., Aono H. et al. Induction of Fas- dependent apoptosis in synovial infiltrating cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Int. Immunol., 1996, 8, 1595-1602.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hasunuma Т., Kayagaki N.* Asahara H. et al. Accumulation of soluble Fas in inflamed joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr. Rheum., 1997, 40, 80-86.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Highton J., Hessian P.A., Kean A. et al. Cell death by apoptosis is a feature of the rheumatoid nodule. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2003, 62 (1), 77-80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hilbers I., Hansen Т., Petrow P.K. et al. Expression of the apoptosis accelerator Bax in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Rheum. Int., 2003, 23 (2), 75-81.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hoa T.T., Hasunuma Т., Aono H. et al. Novel mechanisms of selective apoptosis in synovial T cells of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J. Rheum., 1996, 23, 1332-1337.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hsu H., Xiong J., Goeddel D.V. The ФНО receptor 1- associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF- kappa? activation. Cell, 1995, 91, 495-504.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Huh S.J., Paik D.J., Chung H.S. et al. Regulation of GRB2 and FL1CE2 expression by ФНО-alpha in rheumatoid synovium. Immunol. Lett., 2003, 90 (2-3), 93-96.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ito C.Y., Adey N., Bautch V.L. et al. Structure and evolution of the human IKBA gene. Genomics, 1995, 29, 490495.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Itoh K, Hase H., Kojima H. et al. Central role of mitochondria and p53 in Fas-mediated apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts. Rheum., 2004, 43, 277-285.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jobin C., Panja A., Hellerbrand C. et al. 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