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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2011-579</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-717</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДЕБЮТ СИСТЕМНОЙ КРАСНОЙ ВОЛЧАНКИ У МУЖЧИН В ПОЖИЛОМ ВОЗРАСТЕ. Описание случая</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Elderly-onset systematic lupus erythematosus in men. Case Report</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Середавкина</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seredavkina</surname><given-names>Nataliya Valeryev</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">seredavkina@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Reshetnya</surname><given-names>T M</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Reshetnya</surname><given-names>T M</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Radenska-Lopovok</surname><given-names>S G</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Radenska-Lopovok</surname><given-names>S G</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title>№3 (2011)</issue-title><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Середавкина Н.В., Reshetnya T.M., Radenska-Lopovok S.G., 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Середавкина Н.В., Reshetnya T.M., Radenska-Lopovok S.G.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Seredavkina N.V., Reshetnya T.M., Radenska-Lopovok S.G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/717">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/717</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ревматология. Национальное руковод- ство. Под ред. Е.Л. Насонова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2008; 720 с&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lockshin M.D. Sex difference in autoimmune disease. Lupus 2006; 15: 753-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонова В.А. Системная красная волчанка. М.: Медицина, 1972; 248 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Costallat L.T.L., Coimbra A.M.V. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and laboratory aspects related to age at disease onset. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1994; 12: 603-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hashimoto H., Tsuda H., Hirano T. et al. Differences in clinical and immunological findings of systemic lupus erythematosus related to age. J Rheumatol 1987; 14: 497-501.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Domenech I., Aydintug O., Cervera R. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in 50 year olds. Postgrad Med J 1992; 68: 440-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Font J., Pallares L., Cervera R. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly: clinical and immunological characteristics. Ann Rheum Dis 1998; 57: 437-40.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bertoli A.M., Alarcon G.S., Calvo-Alen J. et al. LUMINA Study Group. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort. XXXIII. Clinical [corrected] features, course, and outcome in patients with late-onset disease. Arthr Rheum 2006; 54: 1580-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ramos-Casals M., Garcia-Carrasco M., Brito M. et al. Autoimmunity and geriatrics: clinical significance of autoimmune manifestations in the elderly. Lupus 2003; 12: 341-55&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rovensky J., Tuchynova A. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7(3): 235-9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D., Ibanez D., Urowitz M.B. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(2): 288-91.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D., Urowitz M.B., Goldsmith C.H. The reliability of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 1997; 40(5): 809-13.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hochberg M.C. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 1997; 40(9): 1725.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cervera R., Khamashta M.A., Font J. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and immunological patterns of disease expressed in a cohort of 1000 patients. Medicine 1993; 72: 113-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boddaert J., Huong D.L., Amoura Z. et al. Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a personal series of 47 patients and pooled analysis of 714 cases in the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2004; 83(6): 348-59.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Appenzeller S., Pereira DA, Costallat L.T.L. Greater accrual damage in late-onset sys temic lupus erythematosus: a long-term follow-up study. Lupus 2008; 17: 1023-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maddison P., Farewell V., Isenberg D. et al. The rate and pattern of organ damage in late onset systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(5): 913-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Iijima S., Takita T., Otsuka F. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed in an elderly man with unusual skin eruptions and sudden death. J Dermatol 1995; 22(12): 943-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pu S.J., Luo S.F., Wu Y.J.J. et al. The clinical features and prognosis of lupus with disease onset at age 65 and older. Lupus 2000; 9: 96-100.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Koga T., Kubota Y., Kiryu H. et al. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus with lichen planus-like eruption and cardiac tamponade. Europ J Dermatol 2000; 10(8): 620-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yamaji K., Yasuda M., Yang K.S. et al. A case of very-late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod Rheumatol 2007; 17(5): 441-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jacobsen S., Petersen J., Ullman S. et al. A multicentre study of 513 Danish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Disease manifestation and analyses of clinical subsets. Clin Rheumatol 1998; 17: 468-77.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Padovan M., Govoni M., Castellino G. et al. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus: no substantial differences using different cut- off ages. Rheumatol Int 2007; 27(8): 735-41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Formiga F., Moga I., Pac M. et al. Mild presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus in elderly patients assessed by SLEDAI. SLE Disease Activity Index. Lupus 1999; 8: 462-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ho C.T.K., Mok C.C., Lau C.S. et al. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus in southern Chinese. Ann Rheum Dis 1998; 57: 437-40.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mak S., Lam E.J.M., Wong A.K.M. Clinical profile of patients with lateonset SLE: not a benign subgroup. Lupus 1998; 7: 23-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aharon A., Zandman-Goddard G., Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune multiorgan involvement in elderly men is it SLE? Clin Rheumatol 1994; 13: 631-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karoubi Nordon E., Hayem G., Mentre F. et al. Letter to the Editor: Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A new approach. Lupus 2007; 16: 1011-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ward M.M., Polisson R.P. A meta-analysis of the clinical manifestations of older- onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 1989; 32: 1226-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Koh E.T., Boey M.L. Late onset lupus: a clinical and immunological study in a pre- dominantly Chinese population. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 1463-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Алекберова З.С., Карабаева А.С., Кошелева Н.М. и др. Системная красная волчанка: начало у лиц в возрасте старше 45 лет. Клин. геронтол. 2002; 3: 16-21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Карабаева А.С., Алекберова З.С., Кошелева Н.М. Суставной синдром у больных системной красной волчанкой с поздним началом. Тез. Всерос. конф. с междунар. участием «Медико-социальные проблемы костно-мышечных заболеваний в XXI веке». Науч.-практич. ревматол. 2000; 4: 54.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mak A., Mok C., Chu W. et al. Renal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative analysis of different age groups. Lupus 2007; 16: 28-34.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jonsson H., Nived O., Sturfelt G. The effect of age on clinical and serological manifestations in unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1988; 15: 505-9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Catoggio L.J., Skinner R.P., Smith G. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly: clinical and serological characteristics. J Rheumatol 1984; 11: 175-81.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nossent J.C. SLICC/ACR Damage Index in Afro-Caribbean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: changes in and relationship to disease activity, corticosteroid therapy, and prognosis. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 654-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mok C.C., Mak A., Chu W.P. et al. Long-term survival of southern Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of all age-groups. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005; 84: 218-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urowitz M.B., Bookman A.A., Koehler B.E. et al. The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 1976; 60: 221-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Клюквина Н.Г., Насонов Е.Л. Выживаемость мужчин, страдающих системной красной волчанкой. Науч.-практич. ревматол. 2009; 6: 46-51. Abu-Shakra&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Клюквина Н.Г., Насонов Е.Л. Выживаемость мужчин, страдающих системной красной волчанкой. Науч.-практич. ревматол. 2009; 6: 46-51.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abu-Shakra M., Urowitz M.B., Gladman D.D. et al. Mortality studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results from a single center. I. Causes of death. J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 1259-64.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blanco F.J., Gomez-Reino J.J., Mata J.D.L. et al. Survival analysis of 306 European Spanish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1998; 7: 159-63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jacobsen S., Petersen J., Ullman S. et al. A multicentre study of 513 Danish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. II. Disease mortality and clinical factors of prognostic value. Clin Rheumatol 1998; 17: 478-84.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bouchon J.P. «1+2+3» ou comment tenter d'Ptre efficace en geriatrie. Rev Prat 1984; 34: 88-92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alarcon G.S., Mcgwin G.Jr., Bastian H.M. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. VIII. predictors of early mortality in the LUMINA cohort. Arthr Care Res 2001; 45: 191-202.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ревматология. Национальное руковод- ство. Под ред. Е.Л. Насонова. М.: ГЭОТАР-Медиа, 2008; 720 с&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lockshin M.D. Sex difference in autoimmune disease. Lupus 2006; 15: 753-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонова В.А. Системная красная волчанка. М.: Медицина, 1972; 248 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Costallat L.T.L., Coimbra A.M.V. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and laboratory aspects related to age at disease onset. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1994; 12: 603-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hashimoto H., Tsuda H., Hirano T. et al. Differences in clinical and immunological findings of systemic lupus erythematosus related to age. J Rheumatol 1987; 14: 497-501.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Domenech I., Aydintug O., Cervera R. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in 50 year olds. Postgrad Med J 1992; 68: 440-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Font J., Pallares L., Cervera R. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly: clinical and immunological characteristics. Ann Rheum Dis 1998; 57: 437-40.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bertoli A.M., Alarcon G.S., Calvo-Alen J. et al. LUMINA Study Group. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic US cohort. XXXIII. Clinical [corrected] features, course, and outcome in patients with late-onset disease. Arthr Rheum 2006; 54: 1580-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ramos-Casals M., Garcia-Carrasco M., Brito M. et al. Autoimmunity and geriatrics: clinical significance of autoimmune manifestations in the elderly. Lupus 2003; 12: 341-55&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rovensky J., Tuchynova A. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly Autoimmun Rev 2008; 7(3): 235-9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D., Ibanez D., Urowitz M.B. Systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index 2000. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(2): 288-91.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D., Urowitz M.B., Goldsmith C.H. The reliability of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 1997; 40(5): 809-13.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hochberg M.C. Updating the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 1997; 40(9): 1725.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cervera R., Khamashta M.A., Font J. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and immunological patterns of disease expressed in a cohort of 1000 patients. Medicine 1993; 72: 113-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boddaert J., Huong D.L., Amoura Z. et al. Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: a personal series of 47 patients and pooled analysis of 714 cases in the literature. Medicine (Baltimore) 2004; 83(6): 348-59.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Appenzeller S., Pereira DA, Costallat L.T.L. Greater accrual damage in late-onset sys temic lupus erythematosus: a long-term follow-up study. Lupus 2008; 17: 1023-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Maddison P., Farewell V., Isenberg D. et al. The rate and pattern of organ damage in late onset systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(5): 913-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Iijima S., Takita T., Otsuka F. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed in an elderly man with unusual skin eruptions and sudden death. J Dermatol 1995; 22(12): 943-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pu S.J., Luo S.F., Wu Y.J.J. et al. The clinical features and prognosis of lupus with disease onset at age 65 and older. Lupus 2000; 9: 96-100.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Koga T., Kubota Y., Kiryu H. et al. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus with lichen planus-like eruption and cardiac tamponade. Europ J Dermatol 2000; 10(8): 620-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yamaji K., Yasuda M., Yang K.S. et al. A case of very-late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod Rheumatol 2007; 17(5): 441-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jacobsen S., Petersen J., Ullman S. et al. A multicentre study of 513 Danish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Disease manifestation and analyses of clinical subsets. Clin Rheumatol 1998; 17: 468-77.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Padovan M., Govoni M., Castellino G. et al. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus: no substantial differences using different cut- off ages. Rheumatol Int 2007; 27(8): 735-41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Formiga F., Moga I., Pac M. et al. Mild presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus in elderly patients assessed by SLEDAI. SLE Disease Activity Index. Lupus 1999; 8: 462-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ho C.T.K., Mok C.C., Lau C.S. et al. Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus in southern Chinese. Ann Rheum Dis 1998; 57: 437-40.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mak S., Lam E.J.M., Wong A.K.M. Clinical profile of patients with lateonset SLE: not a benign subgroup. Lupus 1998; 7: 23-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aharon A., Zandman-Goddard G., Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune multiorgan involvement in elderly men is it SLE? Clin Rheumatol 1994; 13: 631-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karoubi Nordon E., Hayem G., Mentre F. et al. Letter to the Editor: Late onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A new approach. Lupus 2007; 16: 1011-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ward M.M., Polisson R.P. A meta-analysis of the clinical manifestations of older- onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthr Rheum 1989; 32: 1226-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Koh E.T., Boey M.L. Late onset lupus: a clinical and immunological study in a pre- dominantly Chinese population. J Rheumatol 1994; 21: 1463-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Алекберова З.С., Карабаева А.С., Кошелева Н.М. и др. Системная красная волчанка: начало у лиц в возрасте старше 45 лет. Клин. геронтол. 2002; 3: 16-21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Карабаева А.С., Алекберова З.С., Кошелева Н.М. Суставной синдром у больных системной красной волчанкой с поздним началом. Тез. Всерос. конф. с междунар. участием «Медико-социальные проблемы костно-мышечных заболеваний в XXI веке». Науч.-практич. ревматол. 2000; 4: 54.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mak A., Mok C., Chu W. et al. Renal damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: a comparative analysis of different age groups. Lupus 2007; 16: 28-34.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jonsson H., Nived O., Sturfelt G. The effect of age on clinical and serological manifestations in unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol 1988; 15: 505-9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Catoggio L.J., Skinner R.P., Smith G. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in the elderly: clinical and serological characteristics. J Rheumatol 1984; 11: 175-81.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nossent J.C. SLICC/ACR Damage Index in Afro-Caribbean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: changes in and relationship to disease activity, corticosteroid therapy, and prognosis. J Rheumatol 1998; 25: 654-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mok C.C., Mak A., Chu W.P. et al. Long-term survival of southern Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of all age-groups. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005; 84: 218-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urowitz M.B., Bookman A.A., Koehler B.E. et al. The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 1976; 60: 221-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Клюквина Н.Г., Насонов Е.Л. Выживаемость мужчин, страдающих системной красной волчанкой. Науч.-практич. ревматол. 2009; 6: 46-51. Abu-Shakra&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Клюквина Н.Г., Насонов Е.Л. Выживаемость мужчин, страдающих системной красной волчанкой. Науч.-практич. ревматол. 2009; 6: 46-51.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Abu-Shakra M., Urowitz M.B., Gladman D.D. et al. Mortality studies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Results from a single center. I. Causes of death. J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 1259-64.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blanco F.J., Gomez-Reino J.J., Mata J.D.L. et al. Survival analysis of 306 European Spanish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1998; 7: 159-63.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jacobsen S., Petersen J., Ullman S. et al. A multicentre study of 513 Danish patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. II. Disease mortality and clinical factors of prognostic value. Clin Rheumatol 1998; 17: 478-84.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bouchon J.P. «1+2+3» ou comment tenter d'Ptre efficace en geriatrie. Rev Prat 1984; 34: 88-92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alarcon G.S., Mcgwin G.Jr., Bastian H.M. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in three ethnic groups. VIII. predictors of early mortality in the LUMINA cohort. Arthr Care Res 2001; 45: 191-202.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
