<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2011-602</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-740</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КУРЕНИЕ И РЕВМАТИЧЕСКИЕ БОЛЕЗНИЧасть I. КУРЕНИЕ - ФАКТОР РИСКАРАЗВИТИЯ РЕВМАТОИДНОГО АРТРИТА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Smoking and rheumatic diseases Part 1. Smoking is a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>L N</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>L N</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sokrat@irramn.ru  &amp;lt;mailto:sokrat@irramn.ru&amp;gt;</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonova</surname><given-names>V A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sokrat@irramn.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>L N</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Denisov</surname><given-names>L N</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Насонова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nasonova</surname><given-names>V A</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>49</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>№2 (2011)</issue-title><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Denisov L.N., Насонова В.А., Denisov L.N., Насонова В.А., 2011</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Denisov L.N., Насонова В.А., Denisov L.N., Насонова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Denisov L.N., Nasonova V.A., Denisov L.N., Nasonova V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/740">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/740</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shalnova S.A. Prevalence of smoking in Russia. Results of a survey of a naturally representative population sample. Reported in World Health Organization (2002).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сколько мы платим за табак. К Всемирному дню без табачного дыма. Данные ВОЗ. Серия докладов по политике в области охраны здоровья населения. «Здоровье для всех - всё для здоровья России». Под ред. А.К. Демина. М., 1996;123-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Иоффина О.Б., Харченко В.И., Акопян А.С. Роль и значение табакокурения в заболеваемости и смертности от болезней системы кровообращения в современной России. Тер арх 1999;1:69-73.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сахарова Г.М., Чучалин А.Г. Лечение табачной зависимости. Рус мед журн 2001;9(5):168-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ткаченко Г.Б. К Всемирному дню без табачного дыма. Данные ВОЗ. Серия докладов по политике в области охраны здоровья населения. «Здоровье для всех -всё для здоровья России». Под ред. А.К. Демина. М., 1996;128-55.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Оганов Р.Г., Ткаченко Г.Б. Актуальные проблемы предупреждения распространенности курения табака. В кн.: Ситуация, связанная с курением табака в России: Матер. конф. М., 2001;21-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Левшин В.Ф. Помощь в отказе от курения - невосполнимый долг медиков России. Курорт ведомости 2002;1:35-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонова В.А., Денисов Л.Н., Балабанова Р.М. и др. Изучение факторов внешней среды в семьях больных ревматическими заболеваниями. Тер арх 1994;4:51-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vessey M.P., Villard-Makintosh L., Yeates D. Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis. Contraception 1987;35:457-64.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voigt L.T., Koepsell T.D., Nelson I.L. et al. Smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology 1994;5:525-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Symmons D.P., Bankhead C.R., Harrison B.J. et al. Blood transfusion, smoking and obesity as risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis: results from a primary case-based incident case-control study in Norfolk, England. Arthr Rheum 1997;40:1955-61.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tengstrand B., Carlstrom K., Fellander-Tsai L. et al. Abnormal levels of serum dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, and estradiol in men with rheumatoid arthritis: high correlation between serum estradiol and current degree of inflammation. J Rheumatol 2003;30:2338-43.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pattison D.J., Symmons D.P., Lunt M. et al. Dietary risk factor for development of inflammatory polyarthritis: evidence for a role of high level of red meat comsumption. Arthr Rheum 2004;50:3804-12.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mathews I.D., Whittingham S., Hooper B.M. et al. Association of autoantibodies with smoking, cardiovascular morbidity, and death in the Busselton population. Lancet 1973;2:754-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tuomi T., Heliovaara M., Palosuo T., Aho K. Smoking, lung function, and rheumatoid factors. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:753-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jonsson T., Thorsteinsson I., Valdimarsson H. Does smoking stimulate rheumatoid factor production in non-rheumatic individuals? APMIS 1998;106:970-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hazes I.M., Dijkmans B.A., Vandenbroucke J.P. et al. Lifestyle and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:980-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karlson E.W., Lee J.M., Cook N.R. et al. A retrospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in female health professionals. Arthr Rheum 1999;42:910-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Uhling T., Hagen K.B., Kvien T.K. Current tobacco smoking, formal educatioin, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1999;26:47-54.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stolt P., Bengtsson C., Nordmark B. et al. Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: result from a population based case-control study, using incident cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:835-41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Saag K.G., Cerhan J.R., Kolluri S. et al. Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis severity. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:463-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masdottir B., Jonsson T., Manfredsdottir F. et al. Smoking, rheumatoid factor isotypes and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2000;39:1202-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nyhall-Wahlin B.M., Jacobsson L.T.H., Peterson I.F. et al. Smoking is a strong risk factor for rheumatoid nodules in early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:601-6.Wolfe F. The effect of smoking on clinical, laboratory, and radiographic status in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:630-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finckh A., Dehler S., Costenbader K.H. et al. Cigarette smoking and radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:1066-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gerli R., Sherer V., Vaudo G. et al. Early atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Effect of smoking on thickness of the carotid artery intima media. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1051:281-90.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metsios G.S., Stavropoulos-Ralinglou A., Nevill A.M. et al. Cigarette smoking significantly increases basal metabolic rate in patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:70-3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Glossop J.R., Dawes P.T., Mattey D.L. Association between cigarette smoking and release of tumor necrosis factor and its soluble receptor by patient with rtheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2006;45(10):1223-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gregersen P.K., Silver J., Winchester R.J. The shared epitope hypothesis: an approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 1987;30:1205-13.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Krishnan E., Sokka T., Hannonen P. Smoking-gender interaction and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Res Ther 2003;5:158-62.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Padyukov L., Silva C., Stolt P. et al. A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2004;50:3085-92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nielen M.M., van Schaardenburg D., Reesink H.W. et al. Specific autoantibodies presede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a study of serial measurments in blood donors. Arthr Rheum 2004;50:380-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pantapä ä-Dahlquist S., de Long B.A., Berglin E. et al. Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and IgA rheumatoid factor predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2003;48:2741-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Klareskog L., Stolt P., Lundberg K. et al. A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullation. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:38-46.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richmond J., Pritchard G.E., Ashcroft T. et al. Bronchus associated lymohoid tissue (BALT) in human lung: its distribution in smokers and non-smokers. Thorax 1993;48:1130-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Michou L., Teixeira V.N., Pierlot C. et al. Association between genetic factors, tobacco smoking and autoantibodies in familial abd sporadic rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:466-70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Papadopoulos N.G., Alamanos I., Voulgari P.V. et al. Does cigarette smoking influence disease expression, activity and severity in early rheumatoid arthritis patients? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005;23:861-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verpoort K.N., Jol-van der Zijde C.M., Papendrecht-van der Voort E.A. et al. Isotype distribution of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in undifferentiated arthritis reflects an ongoing immune response. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:3799-808.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verpoort K.N., Papendrecht-van der Voort E.A., van der Helm-van Mil A.H.M. et al. Association of smoking with the constitution of the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide response in the absence of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles. Arthr Rheum 1999;42:910-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Linn-Rasker S.P., van der Helm-van Mil A.H., van Gaalen F.A. et al. Smoking is a risk factor for anti-CCP antibodies only in rheumatoid arthritis patients who carry HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:366-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Criswell L.A., Merlino L.A., Cerhan J.R. et al. Cigarette smoking and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis among postmenopausal women: results from the Iowa women's Health Study. Am J Med 2002;112:465-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So-Joung Bang, Kyoung-Ho Lee, Soo-Kyung Cho et al. Smoking increases theumatoid arthritis susceptibility in individuals carrying the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope, regardless of rheumatoid factor or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status. Arthr Rheum 2010;62:369-77.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shalnova S.A. Prevalence of smoking in Russia. Results of a survey of a naturally representative population sample. Reported in World Health Organization (2002).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сколько мы платим за табак. К Всемирному дню без табачного дыма. Данные ВОЗ. Серия докладов по политике в области охраны здоровья населения. «Здоровье для всех - всё для здоровья России». Под ред. А.К. Демина. М., 1996;123-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Иоффина О.Б., Харченко В.И., Акопян А.С. Роль и значение табакокурения в заболеваемости и смертности от болезней системы кровообращения в современной России. Тер арх 1999;1:69-73.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сахарова Г.М., Чучалин А.Г. Лечение табачной зависимости. Рус мед журн 2001;9(5):168-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ткаченко Г.Б. К Всемирному дню без табачного дыма. Данные ВОЗ. Серия докладов по политике в области охраны здоровья населения. «Здоровье для всех -всё для здоровья России». Под ред. А.К. Демина. М., 1996;128-55.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Оганов Р.Г., Ткаченко Г.Б. Актуальные проблемы предупреждения распространенности курения табака. В кн.: Ситуация, связанная с курением табака в России: Матер. конф. М., 2001;21-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Левшин В.Ф. Помощь в отказе от курения - невосполнимый долг медиков России. Курорт ведомости 2002;1:35-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонова В.А., Денисов Л.Н., Балабанова Р.М. и др. Изучение факторов внешней среды в семьях больных ревматическими заболеваниями. Тер арх 1994;4:51-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vessey M.P., Villard-Makintosh L., Yeates D. Oral contraceptives, cigarette smoking and other factors in relation to arthritis. Contraception 1987;35:457-64.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Voigt L.T., Koepsell T.D., Nelson I.L. et al. Smoking, obesity, alcohol consumption, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Epidemiology 1994;5:525-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Symmons D.P., Bankhead C.R., Harrison B.J. et al. Blood transfusion, smoking and obesity as risk factor for the development of rheumatoid arthritis: results from a primary case-based incident case-control study in Norfolk, England. Arthr Rheum 1997;40:1955-61.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tengstrand B., Carlstrom K., Fellander-Tsai L. et al. Abnormal levels of serum dehydroepiandrosterone, estrone, and estradiol in men with rheumatoid arthritis: high correlation between serum estradiol and current degree of inflammation. J Rheumatol 2003;30:2338-43.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pattison D.J., Symmons D.P., Lunt M. et al. Dietary risk factor for development of inflammatory polyarthritis: evidence for a role of high level of red meat comsumption. Arthr Rheum 2004;50:3804-12.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mathews I.D., Whittingham S., Hooper B.M. et al. Association of autoantibodies with smoking, cardiovascular morbidity, and death in the Busselton population. Lancet 1973;2:754-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tuomi T., Heliovaara M., Palosuo T., Aho K. Smoking, lung function, and rheumatoid factors. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:753-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Jonsson T., Thorsteinsson I., Valdimarsson H. Does smoking stimulate rheumatoid factor production in non-rheumatic individuals? APMIS 1998;106:970-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hazes I.M., Dijkmans B.A., Vandenbroucke J.P. et al. Lifestyle and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Ann Rheum Dis 1990;49:980-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karlson E.W., Lee J.M., Cook N.R. et al. A retrospective cohort study of cigarette smoking and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in female health professionals. Arthr Rheum 1999;42:910-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Uhling T., Hagen K.B., Kvien T.K. Current tobacco smoking, formal educatioin, and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1999;26:47-54.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stolt P., Bengtsson C., Nordmark B. et al. Quantification of the influence of cigarette smoking on rheumatoid arthritis: result from a population based case-control study, using incident cases. Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62:835-41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Saag K.G., Cerhan J.R., Kolluri S. et al. Cigarette smoking and rheumatoid arthritis severity. Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:463-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Masdottir B., Jonsson T., Manfredsdottir F. et al. Smoking, rheumatoid factor isotypes and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2000;39:1202-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nyhall-Wahlin B.M., Jacobsson L.T.H., Peterson I.F. et al. Smoking is a strong risk factor for rheumatoid nodules in early rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:601-6.Wolfe F. The effect of smoking on clinical, laboratory, and radiographic status in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27:630-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Finckh A., Dehler S., Costenbader K.H. et al. Cigarette smoking and radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66:1066-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gerli R., Sherer V., Vaudo G. et al. Early atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Effect of smoking on thickness of the carotid artery intima media. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2005;1051:281-90.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Metsios G.S., Stavropoulos-Ralinglou A., Nevill A.M. et al. Cigarette smoking significantly increases basal metabolic rate in patient with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:70-3.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Glossop J.R., Dawes P.T., Mattey D.L. Association between cigarette smoking and release of tumor necrosis factor and its soluble receptor by patient with rtheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2006;45(10):1223-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gregersen P.K., Silver J., Winchester R.J. The shared epitope hypothesis: an approach to understanding the molecular genetics of susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 1987;30:1205-13.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Krishnan E., Sokka T., Hannonen P. Smoking-gender interaction and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Res Ther 2003;5:158-62.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Padyukov L., Silva C., Stolt P. et al. A gene-environment interaction between smoking and shared epitope genes in HLA-DR provides a high risk of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2004;50:3085-92.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nielen M.M., van Schaardenburg D., Reesink H.W. et al. Specific autoantibodies presede the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis: a study of serial measurments in blood donors. Arthr Rheum 2004;50:380-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pantapä ä-Dahlquist S., de Long B.A., Berglin E. et al. Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide and IgA rheumatoid factor predict the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2003;48:2741-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Klareskog L., Stolt P., Lundberg K. et al. A new model for an etiology of rheumatoid arthritis: smoking may trigger HLA-DR (shared epitope)-restricted immune reactions to autoantigens modified by citrullation. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:38-46.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richmond J., Pritchard G.E., Ashcroft T. et al. Bronchus associated lymohoid tissue (BALT) in human lung: its distribution in smokers and non-smokers. Thorax 1993;48:1130-4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Michou L., Teixeira V.N., Pierlot C. et al. Association between genetic factors, tobacco smoking and autoantibodies in familial abd sporadic rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2008;67:466-70.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Papadopoulos N.G., Alamanos I., Voulgari P.V. et al. Does cigarette smoking influence disease expression, activity and severity in early rheumatoid arthritis patients? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2005;23:861-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verpoort K.N., Jol-van der Zijde C.M., Papendrecht-van der Voort E.A. et al. Isotype distribution of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in undifferentiated arthritis reflects an ongoing immune response. Arthr Rheum 2006;54:3799-808.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Verpoort K.N., Papendrecht-van der Voort E.A., van der Helm-van Mil A.H.M. et al. Association of smoking with the constitution of the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide response in the absence of HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles. Arthr Rheum 1999;42:910-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Linn-Rasker S.P., van der Helm-van Mil A.H., van Gaalen F.A. et al. Smoking is a risk factor for anti-CCP antibodies only in rheumatoid arthritis patients who carry HLA-DRB1 shared epitope alleles. Ann Rheum Dis 2006;65:366-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Criswell L.A., Merlino L.A., Cerhan J.R. et al. Cigarette smoking and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis among postmenopausal women: results from the Iowa women's Health Study. Am J Med 2002;112:465-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So-Joung Bang, Kyoung-Ho Lee, Soo-Kyung Cho et al. Smoking increases theumatoid arthritis susceptibility in individuals carrying the HLA-DRB1 shared epitope, regardless of rheumatoid factor or anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody status. Arthr Rheum 2010;62:369-77.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
