rspНаучно-практическая ревматологияRheumatology Science and Practice1995-44841995-4492IMA-PRESS, LLC10.14412/1995-4484-2010-734rsp-871Research ArticleСтатьиArticlesГЕННО-ИНЖЕНЕРНЫЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ И ВИРУСНЫЙ ГЕПАТИТ В У БОЛЬНЫХ РЕВМАТОИДНЫМ АРТРИТОМGENNO-INZhENERNYE BIOLOGIChESKIE PREPARATY I VIRUSNYY GEPATIT V U BOL'NYKh REVMATOIDNYM ARTRITOMМуравьевЮ. В.MuravyevYuri Vladimirovichmurawyu@mail.ru <mailto:murawyu@mail.ru>201015102010485№5 (2010)7580Copyright © Муравьев Ю.В., 20102010Муравьев Ю.В.Muravyev Y.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/871References<div><p>Lavanchy D. Chronic viral hepatitis as a public health issue in the world. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 22: 991-1008.</p><p>Ивашкин В.Т. Клеточная и молекулярная биология воспаления печени. Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. 1998; 5: 13-7.</p><p>Шуппан Д. Фиброз печени: патогенез, диагностика, лечение. Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. 2001; 4: 72-4.</p><p>Beasley R.P. Hepatits B virus: the major etiology for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1988; 61: 1942-56.</p><p>Lai C.L., Ratziu V., Yuen M.F., Poynard T. Viral hepatitis B. Lancet 2003; 362: 2089-94.</p><p>World Health Organization, Hepatitis B. World Health Organization Fact Sheet 204 (Revised October 2000). WHO Web site 2000.</p><p>Михайлов М.И. Гепатит В - проблема здравоохранения, которую можно решить. Бюлл Вакцинация 2001; 6: 5-8.</p><p>Диагностика и лечение диффузных заболеваний печени. Методическое пособие для врачей, руководителей органов управления здравоохранением и лечебно-профилактических учреждений. Под ред. В.Т. Ивашкина и Н.Д. Ющука. М., 2003; 51 с.</p><p>Calabrese L.H., Zein N., Vassilopoulos D. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation with immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic diseases: assessment and preventive strategies. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 983-9.</p><p>Mok M.Y., Ng W.L., Yuen M.F. et al. Safety of disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents in rheumatoid arthritis patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18: 363-8.</p><p>Lok A.S.F., Liang R.H.S., Chiu E.K.W. et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 182-8.</p><p>Lipsky P.E., van der Heijde D.M., St Clair E.W. et al. Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment ofrheumatoid arthritis. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1594-602.</p><p>Ellerin T., Rubin R.H., Weinblatt M.E. Infections and antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Arthr Rheum 2003; 48: 3013-22.</p><p>Ostuni P., Botsios C., Punzi L. et al. Hepatitis B reactivation in a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carrier with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and low dose methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62: 686-7.</p><p>Michel M., Duvoux C., Hezode C., Cherqui D. Fulminant hepatitis after infliximab in a patient with hepatitis B virus treated for an adult onset still's disease. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 1624-5.</p><p>Oniankitan O., Duvoux C., Challine D. et al. Infliximab therapy for rheumatic diseases in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C. J Rheumatol 2004; 31: 107-9.</p><p>Wong G.H., Goeddel D.V. Tumour necrosis factors alpha and beta inhibit virus replication and synergize with interferons. Nature 1986; 323: 819-22.</p><p>Chung S.J., Kim J.K., Park M.C. et al. Reactivation of Hepatitis B Viral Infection in Inactive HBsAG Carriers Following AntiTumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Therapy. J Rheumatol 2009 Oct 1. [Epub. ahead of print].</p><p>Wendling D., Di Martino V., Prati C. et al. Spondyloarthropathy and chronic B hepatitis. Effect of anti-TNF therapy. J Bone Spine 2009; 76: 308-11.</p><p>Roux C.H., Brocq O., Breuil V. et al. Safety of anti-TNF-α therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthropathies with concurrent B or C chronic hepatitis. Rheumatology 2006; 45: 1294-7.</p><p>Carroll M.B., Bond M.I. Use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Semin. Arthr Rheum 2008; 38: 208-17.</p><p>Zingarelli S., Frassi M., Bazzani C. et al. Use of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}- blocking Agents in Hepatitis B Virus-positive Patients: Reports of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 1188-94.</p><p>Hatzakis A., Magiorkinis E., Haida C. HBV virological assessment. J Hepat 2006; 44(Suppl. 1): 71-6.</p><p>Абдурахманов Д.Т. Латентная HBV- инфекция в патогенезе хронических заболеваний печени. Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. 2002; 6: 31-7.</p><p>Kuhns M., McNamara A., Mason A. et al. Serum and liver hepatitis B virus DNA in chronic hepatitis B after sustained loss of surface antigen. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 1649-56.</p><p>Fong T.L., Di Bisceglie A.M., Gerber M.A. et al. Persistence of hepatitis B virus DNA in the liver after loss of HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 1993; 18: 1313-8.</p><p>Michalak T.I., Pasquinelli C., Guilhot S., Chisari F.V. Hepatitis B virus persistence after recovery from acute viral hepatitis. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 2.</p><p>Wands J.R., Chura C.M., Roll F.J., Maddrey W.C. Serial studies of hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in patients receiving antitumor chemotherapy for myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Gastroenterology 1975; 68: 105-12.</p><p>Yeo W., Chan P.K., Zhong S. et al. Frequency of hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy: a prospective study of 626 patients withidentification of risk factors. J Med Virol 2000; 62: 299-307.</p><p>Yeo W., Johnson P.J. Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy. Hepatology 2006; 43: 209-20.</p><p>Carman W.F. The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus. J Viral Hepat 1997; 4(Suppl. 1): 11-20.</p><p>Brechot C., Degos F., Lugassy C. et al. Hepatitis B DNA virus in patients with chronic liver disease and negative tests for hepatitis B surface antigen. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 270-6.</p><p>Huo T.I., Wu J.C., Lee P.C. et al. Seroclearance ofhepatitis B surface antigen in chronic carriers does notnecessarily imply a good prognosis. Hepatology 1998; 28: 231-6.</p><p>Marusawa H., Uemoto S., Hijikata M. et al. Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. Hepatology 2000; 31: 488-95.</p><p>Yeo W., Chan P.K.S., Hui P. et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in breast cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy: a prospective study. J Med Virol 2003; 70: 553-61.</p><p>Calabrese L.H., Zein N.N., Vassilopoulos D. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation with immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic diseases: assessment and preventive strategies. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 983-9.</p><p>Kolk L.E., Baars J.W., Prins M.H., Oers M.H.J. Rituximab treatment results in impaired secondary humoral immune responsiveness. Blood 2002; 100: 2257-9.</p><p>Tsutsumi Y., Kanamori H., Mori A. et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus with rituximab. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005; 4: 599-608.</p><p>Hanbali A., Khaled Y., Ajrouche H. et al. Incidence of hepatitis B reactivation in association with rituximab therapy. Blood 2006; 108: 2766(abstr.).</p><p>Garcia-Rodriguez M.J., Canales M.A., Hernandez-Maraver D., Hernandez-Navarro F. Late reactivation of resolved hepatitis B virus infection: An increasing complication post rituximab-based regimens treatment? Am J Hematol 2008; 83: 673-5.</p><p>Lazdina U., Alheim M., Nystrцm J. et al. Priming of cytotoxic T cell resonses to exogenous hepatitis B viruscore antigen is B cell dependent. J Gen Virol 2003; 84: 139-41.</p><p>Tsatsumi Y., Shigematsu A., Hashino S. et al. Analysis of reactivation of hepatitis B virus in the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Hokkaido. Ann Hematol 2009; 88: 375-7.</p><p>Mindikoglu A.L., Regev A., Schiff E.R. Hepatitis B virus reactivation after cytotoxic chemotherapy: The disease and its prevention. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4: 1076-81.</p><p>Dervite I., Hober D., Morel P. Acute hepatitis B in a patient with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen who was receiving rituximab. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 68-9.</p><p>Westhoff T.H., Jochimsen F., Schmittel A. et al. Fatal hepatitis B virus reactivation by an escape mutant following rituximab therapy. Blood 2003; 102: 1930.</p><p>Tsutsumi Y., Tanaka J., Kawamura T. et al. Possible efficacy of lamivudine treatment to prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation due to rituximab therapy in a patient with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2004; 83: 58-60.</p><p>Law J.K., Ho J.K., Hoskins P.J. et al. Fatal reactivation of hepatitis B post-chemotherapy for lymphoma in a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative, hepatitis B core antibody-positive patient: Potential implications for future prophylaxis recommendations. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 46: 1085-9.</p><p>Sarrecchia C., Cappelli A., Aiello P. HBV reactivation with fatal fulminating hepatitis during rituximab treatment in a subject negative for HBsAg and positive for HBsAb and HBcAb. J Infect Chemother 2005; 11: 189-91.</p><p>Niscola P., Del Principe M.I., Maurillo L. et al. Fulminant B hepatitis in a surface antigen-negative patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia after rituximab therapy. Leukemia 2005; 19: 1840-1.</p><p>Sera T., Hiasa Y., Michitaka K. et al. Anti-HBs-positive liver failure due to hepatitis B virus reactivation induced by rituximab. Intern Med 2006; 45: 721-4.</p><p>Umemura T., Kiyosawa K. Fatal HBV reactivation in a subject with anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Intern Med 2006; 45: 747-8.</p><p>Saag K.G., Teng G.G., Patcar N.M. et al. American college of rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2008; 59: 762-84.</p><p>Kuo S.-C., Lee H.-T., Chen W.S. et al. Deterioration of the liver biochemistry due to reactivation of chronic hepatitis B during etanercept treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. BMJ Case Reports 2009 [doi: 10.1136/bcr.09.2008.0873].</p><p>Федеральное руководство по использованию лекарственных средств (формулярная система). Вып. Х. М.: Эхо, 2009; 896 с.</p><p>Li S., Kaur P.P., Chan V., Berney S. Use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonists infliximab, etanercept, and adal- imumab in patients with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B or hepatitis C: a retrospective record review of 11 patients. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28: 787-91.</p><p>Pyrpasopoulou A., Douma S., Vassiliadis T. et al. Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection following rituximab administration for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2009; Oct 15 [Epub. ahead of print].</p><p>Pei S.N., Chen C.H., Lee C.M. et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus following rituximab-based regimens: a serious complication in both HBsAg-positive and HBsAg- negative patients. Ann Hematol 2009; Aug 21 [Epub. ahead of print].</p><p>Федеральное руководство по использованию лекарственных средств (формулярная система). Вып. ХI. М.: Эхо, 2010; 944 с.</p><p>Furst D.E., Keystone E.C., Kirkham B. et al. Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, 2008. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67: iii2-iii25.</p><p>Zingarelli S., Frassini M., Bazzani C. et al. Use of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-blocking Agents in Hepatitis B Virus-positive Patients: Reports of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 1188-94.</p><p>Yazdany J., Calabrese L. Preventing Hepatitis B reactivation in immunosuppressed patients: is it time to revisit the guidelines? Arthr Care Res 2010; 62: 585-9.</p><p>Kakumu S., Shinagawa T., Ishikawa T. et al. Serum interleukin 6 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Am J Gastroenterol 1991; 86: 1804-8.</p><p>Nagashima T., Minota S. Long-term tocilizumab therapy in patient with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hepatitis B. Rheumatology 2008; 47: 1838-41.</p><p>Nagashima T., Minota S. Tocillizumab for rheumatoid arthritis with chronic hepatitis B virus infection without antiviral therapy. J Rheumatol 2010; 37: 5[doi: 10.3899/jrheum. 091220].</p><p>Kuo T., Hu Ch., Chen Y. et al. HBV replication is significantly reduced by IL-6. J Boimed Sci 2009; 16: 41[doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-41].</p><p>Stine J.G., Khokhar O.S., Charalambopoulos J. et al. Rheumatologists' awareness of and screening practices for hepatitis B virus infection prior to initiating immunomodulatory therapy. Arthr Care Res 2010; 62: 704-11.</p><p>Zisopoulos D., Eustathiou M., Dimitroulos T. et al. Biological agents in inactive HBSAg carriers with inflammatory arthritis: A role of prpphylactic antiviral treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69(Suppl. 3): 200.</p></div><br /><div><p>Lavanchy D. Chronic viral hepatitis as a public health issue in the world. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2008; 22: 991-1008.</p><p>Ивашкин В.Т. Клеточная и молекулярная биология воспаления печени. Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. 1998; 5: 13-7.</p><p>Шуппан Д. Фиброз печени: патогенез, диагностика, лечение. Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. 2001; 4: 72-4.</p><p>Beasley R.P. Hepatits B virus: the major etiology for hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer 1988; 61: 1942-56.</p><p>Lai C.L., Ratziu V., Yuen M.F., Poynard T. Viral hepatitis B. Lancet 2003; 362: 2089-94.</p><p>World Health Organization, Hepatitis B. World Health Organization Fact Sheet 204 (Revised October 2000). WHO Web site 2000.</p><p>Михайлов М.И. Гепатит В - проблема здравоохранения, которую можно решить. Бюлл Вакцинация 2001; 6: 5-8.</p><p>Диагностика и лечение диффузных заболеваний печени. Методическое пособие для врачей, руководителей органов управления здравоохранением и лечебно-профилактических учреждений. Под ред. В.Т. Ивашкина и Н.Д. Ющука. М., 2003; 51 с.</p><p>Calabrese L.H., Zein N., Vassilopoulos D. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation with immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic diseases: assessment and preventive strategies. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 983-9.</p><p>Mok M.Y., Ng W.L., Yuen M.F. et al. Safety of disease modifying anti-rheumatic agents in rheumatoid arthritis patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2000; 18: 363-8.</p><p>Lok A.S.F., Liang R.H.S., Chiu E.K.W. et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in patients receiving cytotoxic therapy. Report of a prospective study. Gastroenterology 1991; 100: 182-8.</p><p>Lipsky P.E., van der Heijde D.M., St Clair E.W. et al. Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment ofrheumatoid arthritis. Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Trial in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Concomitant Therapy Study Group. N Engl J Med 2000; 343: 1594-602.</p><p>Ellerin T., Rubin R.H., Weinblatt M.E. Infections and antitumor necrosis factor alpha therapy. Arthr Rheum 2003; 48: 3013-22.</p><p>Ostuni P., Botsios C., Punzi L. et al. Hepatitis B reactivation in a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carrier with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab and low dose methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62: 686-7.</p><p>Michel M., Duvoux C., Hezode C., Cherqui D. Fulminant hepatitis after infliximab in a patient with hepatitis B virus treated for an adult onset still's disease. J Rheumatol 2003; 30: 1624-5.</p><p>Oniankitan O., Duvoux C., Challine D. et al. Infliximab therapy for rheumatic diseases in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C. J Rheumatol 2004; 31: 107-9.</p><p>Wong G.H., Goeddel D.V. Tumour necrosis factors alpha and beta inhibit virus replication and synergize with interferons. Nature 1986; 323: 819-22.</p><p>Chung S.J., Kim J.K., Park M.C. et al. Reactivation of Hepatitis B Viral Infection in Inactive HBsAG Carriers Following AntiTumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Therapy. J Rheumatol 2009 Oct 1. [Epub. ahead of print].</p><p>Wendling D., Di Martino V., Prati C. et al. Spondyloarthropathy and chronic B hepatitis. Effect of anti-TNF therapy. J Bone Spine 2009; 76: 308-11.</p><p>Roux C.H., Brocq O., Breuil V. et al. Safety of anti-TNF-α therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and spondylarthropathies with concurrent B or C chronic hepatitis. Rheumatology 2006; 45: 1294-7.</p><p>Carroll M.B., Bond M.I. Use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. Semin. Arthr Rheum 2008; 38: 208-17.</p><p>Zingarelli S., Frassi M., Bazzani C. et al. Use of Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha}- blocking Agents in Hepatitis B Virus-positive Patients: Reports of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 1188-94.</p><p>Hatzakis A., Magiorkinis E., Haida C. HBV virological assessment. J Hepat 2006; 44(Suppl. 1): 71-6.</p><p>Абдурахманов Д.Т. Латентная HBV- инфекция в патогенезе хронических заболеваний печени. Рос. журн. гастроэнтерол. гепатол. колопроктол. 2002; 6: 31-7.</p><p>Kuhns M., McNamara A., Mason A. et al. Serum and liver hepatitis B virus DNA in chronic hepatitis B after sustained loss of surface antigen. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 1649-56.</p><p>Fong T.L., Di Bisceglie A.M., Gerber M.A. et al. Persistence of hepatitis B virus DNA in the liver after loss of HBsAg in chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 1993; 18: 1313-8.</p><p>Michalak T.I., Pasquinelli C., Guilhot S., Chisari F.V. Hepatitis B virus persistence after recovery from acute viral hepatitis. J Clin Invest 1994; 93: 2.</p><p>Wands J.R., Chura C.M., Roll F.J., Maddrey W.C. Serial studies of hepatitis-associated antigen and antibody in patients receiving antitumor chemotherapy for myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative disorders. Gastroenterology 1975; 68: 105-12.</p><p>Yeo W., Chan P.K., Zhong S. et al. Frequency of hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy: a prospective study of 626 patients withidentification of risk factors. J Med Virol 2000; 62: 299-307.</p><p>Yeo W., Johnson P.J. Diagnosis, prevention and management of hepatitis B virus reactivation during anticancer therapy. Hepatology 2006; 43: 209-20.</p><p>Carman W.F. The clinical significance of surface antigen variants of hepatitis B virus. J Viral Hepat 1997; 4(Suppl. 1): 11-20.</p><p>Brechot C., Degos F., Lugassy C. et al. Hepatitis B DNA virus in patients with chronic liver disease and negative tests for hepatitis B surface antigen. N Engl J Med 1985; 312: 270-6.</p><p>Huo T.I., Wu J.C., Lee P.C. et al. Seroclearance ofhepatitis B surface antigen in chronic carriers does notnecessarily imply a good prognosis. Hepatology 1998; 28: 231-6.</p><p>Marusawa H., Uemoto S., Hijikata M. et al. Latent hepatitis B virus infection in healthy individuals with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen. Hepatology 2000; 31: 488-95.</p><p>Yeo W., Chan P.K.S., Hui P. et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in breast cancer patients undergoing cytotoxic chemotherapy: a prospective study. J Med Virol 2003; 70: 553-61.</p><p>Calabrese L.H., Zein N.N., Vassilopoulos D. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation with immunosuppressive therapy in rheumatic diseases: assessment and preventive strategies. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65: 983-9.</p><p>Kolk L.E., Baars J.W., Prins M.H., Oers M.H.J. Rituximab treatment results in impaired secondary humoral immune responsiveness. Blood 2002; 100: 2257-9.</p><p>Tsutsumi Y., Kanamori H., Mori A. et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus with rituximab. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2005; 4: 599-608.</p><p>Hanbali A., Khaled Y., Ajrouche H. et al. Incidence of hepatitis B reactivation in association with rituximab therapy. Blood 2006; 108: 2766(abstr.).</p><p>Garcia-Rodriguez M.J., Canales M.A., Hernandez-Maraver D., Hernandez-Navarro F. Late reactivation of resolved hepatitis B virus infection: An increasing complication post rituximab-based regimens treatment? Am J Hematol 2008; 83: 673-5.</p><p>Lazdina U., Alheim M., Nystrцm J. et al. Priming of cytotoxic T cell resonses to exogenous hepatitis B viruscore antigen is B cell dependent. J Gen Virol 2003; 84: 139-41.</p><p>Tsatsumi Y., Shigematsu A., Hashino S. et al. Analysis of reactivation of hepatitis B virus in the treatment of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Hokkaido. Ann Hematol 2009; 88: 375-7.</p><p>Mindikoglu A.L., Regev A., Schiff E.R. Hepatitis B virus reactivation after cytotoxic chemotherapy: The disease and its prevention. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 4: 1076-81.</p><p>Dervite I., Hober D., Morel P. Acute hepatitis B in a patient with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen who was receiving rituximab. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 68-9.</p><p>Westhoff T.H., Jochimsen F., Schmittel A. et al. Fatal hepatitis B virus reactivation by an escape mutant following rituximab therapy. Blood 2003; 102: 1930.</p><p>Tsutsumi Y., Tanaka J., Kawamura T. et al. Possible efficacy of lamivudine treatment to prevent hepatitis B virus reactivation due to rituximab therapy in a patient with non- Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ann Hematol 2004; 83: 58-60.</p><p>Law J.K., Ho J.K., Hoskins P.J. et al. Fatal reactivation of hepatitis B post-chemotherapy for lymphoma in a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative, hepatitis B core antibody-positive patient: Potential implications for future prophylaxis recommendations. Leuk Lymphoma 2005; 46: 1085-9.</p><p>Sarrecchia C., Cappelli A., Aiello P. HBV reactivation with fatal fulminating hepatitis during rituximab treatment in a subject negative for HBsAg and positive for HBsAb and HBcAb. J Infect Chemother 2005; 11: 189-91.</p><p>Niscola P., Del Principe M.I., Maurillo L. et al. Fulminant B hepatitis in a surface antigen-negative patient with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia after rituximab therapy. Leukemia 2005; 19: 1840-1.</p><p>Sera T., Hiasa Y., Michitaka K. et al. Anti-HBs-positive liver failure due to hepatitis B virus reactivation induced by rituximab. Intern Med 2006; 45: 721-4.</p><p>Umemura T., Kiyosawa K. Fatal HBV reactivation in a subject with anti-HBs and anti-HBc. Intern Med 2006; 45: 747-8.</p><p>Saag K.G., Teng G.G., Patcar N.M. et al. American college of rheumatology 2008 recommendations for the use of nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Rheum 2008; 59: 762-84.</p><p>Kuo S.-C., Lee H.-T., Chen W.S. et al. Deterioration of the liver biochemistry due to reactivation of chronic hepatitis B during etanercept treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. BMJ Case Reports 2009 [doi: 10.1136/bcr.09.2008.0873].</p><p>Федеральное руководство по использованию лекарственных средств (формулярная система). Вып. Х. М.: Эхо, 2009; 896 с.</p><p>Li S., Kaur P.P., Chan V., Berney S. Use of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonists infliximab, etanercept, and adal- imumab in patients with concurrent rheumatoid arthritis and hepatitis B or hepatitis C: a retrospective record review of 11 patients. Clin Rheumatol 2009; 28: 787-91.</p><p>Pyrpasopoulou A., Douma S., Vassiliadis T. et al. Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection following rituximab administration for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2009; Oct 15 [Epub. ahead of print].</p><p>Pei S.N., Chen C.H., Lee C.M. et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus following rituximab-based regimens: a serious complication in both HBsAg-positive and HBsAg- negative patients. Ann Hematol 2009; Aug 21 [Epub. ahead of print].</p><p>Федеральное руководство по использованию лекарственных средств (формулярная система). Вып. ХI. М.: Эхо, 2010; 944 с.</p><p>Furst D.E., Keystone E.C., Kirkham B. et al. Updated consensus statement on biological agents for the treatment of rheumatic diseases, 2008. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 67: iii2-iii25.</p><p>Zingarelli S., Frassini M., Bazzani C. et al. Use of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α-blocking Agents in Hepatitis B Virus-positive Patients: Reports of 3 Cases and Review of the Literature. J Rheumatol 2009; 36: 1188-94.</p><p>Yazdany J., Calabrese L. Preventing Hepatitis B reactivation in immunosuppressed patients: is it time to revisit the guidelines? Arthr Care Res 2010; 62: 585-9.</p><p>Kakumu S., Shinagawa T., Ishikawa T. et al. Serum interleukin 6 levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Am J Gastroenterol 1991; 86: 1804-8.</p><p>Nagashima T., Minota S. Long-term tocilizumab therapy in patient with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hepatitis B. Rheumatology 2008; 47: 1838-41.</p><p>Nagashima T., Minota S. Tocillizumab for rheumatoid arthritis with chronic hepatitis B virus infection without antiviral therapy. J Rheumatol 2010; 37: 5[doi: 10.3899/jrheum. 091220].</p><p>Kuo T., Hu Ch., Chen Y. et al. HBV replication is significantly reduced by IL-6. J Boimed Sci 2009; 16: 41[doi: 10.1186/1423-0127-16-41].</p><p>Stine J.G., Khokhar O.S., Charalambopoulos J. et al. Rheumatologists' awareness of and screening practices for hepatitis B virus infection prior to initiating immunomodulatory therapy. Arthr Care Res 2010; 62: 704-11.</p><p>Zisopoulos D., Eustathiou M., Dimitroulos T. et al. Biological agents in inactive HBSAg carriers with inflammatory arthritis: A role of prpphylactic antiviral treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69(Suppl. 3): 200.</p></div><br />
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.