<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2003-770</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-907</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ИСХОДЫ И ПРОГНОЗ ПРИ СИСТЕМНОЙ КРАСНОЙ ВОЛЧАНКЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Outcomes and prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tarasova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>M. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">-</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2003</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>04</month><year>2003</year></pub-date><volume>41</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title>№2 (2003)</issue-title><fpage>53</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Tarasova I.A., Ivanova M.M., 2003</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2003</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Tarasova I.A., Ivanova M.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tarasova I.A., Ivanova M.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/907">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/907</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Алекберова З.С., Фоломеева О. М. Острый поперечный миелит у больных системной красной волчанкой. Тер.архив, 1991. 4, 110-113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Дядык А.И. Тарадин Г.Г., Багрий А.Э. с соавт. Поражение клапанного аппарата сердца при системной красной волчанке. Клинич. ревматол., 1996, 1, 2-7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Иванова М.М. Системная красная волчанка. Клиника, диагностика и лечение. Клинич. ревматол.,1995, I, 2-19&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Иванова М.М. Эволюция методов лечения системной красной волчанки. В кн. Избранные лекции по клинической ревматологии, под ред. Насоновой В.А., Бунчука Н.В., М. "Медицина",2001&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Карабаева А.С. Особенности системной красной волчанки с поздним началом. Дисс. к.м.н., М.,2001&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Костюрина Г.Н., Рак Л.И., Мануйлова А.М. Особенности течения системной красной волчанки в период полового созревания. Детс. ревматол.,1997, 3, 16-21&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Лучихина ЕЛ. Анализ структуры летальных исходов при системной красной волчанке по данным Института ревматологии РАМН. Дисс.к.м.н., М., 1998&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Малдыкова X. Субтипы волчанки - связь клинических и иммунологических признаков. Тер. архив, 1992, 11, 88-92&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонова В.А. Системная красная волчанка (критерии диагностики и клинические варианты течения). Авто- реф. докт.мед.наук, М., 1967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонова В.А., Фоломеева О.М. Системная красная волчанка у подростков. Клинич. мед.,1986, 1, 30-38&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонов ЕЛ., Иванова М.М., Алекберова З.С. с соавт. Современные подходы к оценке активности системной красной волчанки. Клинич. ревматол., 1995, 1, 41-48&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Олюнин Ю.А., Имад Аль-Хеннави Асептические некрозы костей у больных системной красной волчанкой. Клинич. ревматол., 1995, 1, 62-66&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Пизова Н.В. Цереброваскулярные проявления при системной красной волчанке, системной склеродермии и системных васкулитах. Дисс. к.м.н., Ярославль, 1998&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Прокаева Т.Б., Алекберова З.С. Неврит зрительного нерва при системной красной волчанке (собственное наблюдение и обзор литературы). Ревматол., 1985, 4, 40-44&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сигидин Я.А., Гусева Н.Г, Иванова М.М. Диффузные болезни соединительной ткани: Рук. для врачей. М., «Медицина», 1994, 231-300&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Тарасов А.Н., Чиркина С.С., Шишкин В.И. с соавт. Динамика трудоспособности больных с различными вариантами течения системной красной волчанки, оп ределяемая ВТЭК. Тер. архив, 1985, 8, 85-88&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Тареева И.Е., Филимонова Р.Г., Янушкевич Т.Н., Куприянова Л.А. Течение и прогноз волчаночного нефрита. Тер.архив, 1980, I. 68-72&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Фоломеева О.М., Алекберова З.С., Котельникова Г.П. с соавт. О поражении легочных сосудов у больных системной красной волчанкой. Ревматол., 1984, 1, 27-31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Шевченко Н.С., Костюрина Г.Н. Частота и характер остеопении у подростков с системной красной волчанкой поданным денситометрии. Детск. ревматол., 1997, 3, 1016&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alarcon-Segovia D. Treatmen! needeed to achieve remission of SLE. Lupus, 1999. 8. 566&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aranow C., Ginzler E.M. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 2000,9, 166-169&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Becker A., Fischer R., Scherbaum W.A., Scheider M. Osteoporosis screening in systemic lupus erythematosus: impact of disease duration and organ damage. Lupus,2001,10. 809-814&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boumpas D.T., Balow J.E. Outcome criteria for lupus nephritis trials: a clinical overview. Lupus, 1998, 7(9), 622629.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bresnihan B. Outcome and survival in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989, 48, 443-445&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cibere J., Sibley J., Haga M. Systemic lupus erythematosus and the risk of malignancy. Lupus.2001, 10, 394-400&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corzillius М., Fortin P., Stucki G. Responsiveness and sensitivity to change of SLE disease activity measures. Lupus, 1999, 8(8), 655-659&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drencard C., Villa A.R., Garsia-Padilla C. et al. Remission of systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine, 1996, 75 (2), 88-98&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fortin P.R., Abrahamowicz М., Neville C. et al. Impact of disease activity and cumulative damage on the health of lupus patients. Lupus, 1998, 7, 101-107&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gellner R., Stange М., Schieman U. et al. CRH test to discontinuation of long-term low-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 1999, 107(8), 561-567 (abstract)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ginzler E.M., Diamond H.S., Weiner M. et al. A multicenter study of outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Entry variables as predictors of prognosis. Arthr. Rheum., 1982, 25(6), 601-611&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D. Prognosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cur. Opin. Rheum., 1996, 8(5), 430-437.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D., Ginzler E., Goldsmith C. et al. The development and initial validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American Collegge of Rheumatology (SL1CC/ACR) Damage Index for Systemic Lupus Ervthematosus. Arthr. Rheum., 1996, 39(3), 363369.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D., Goldsmith C.H., Urowitz M.B. et al. The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Comparison. J. Rheumatol., 2000, 27(2), 373376.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hahn B.H. Системная красная волчанка. В кн. Внутренние болезни,под ред. Харрисон Т. Р., 1996.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hanly J.G. Disease activity, cumulative damage and quality of life in SLE: results of a cross-sectional study. Lupus. 1997, 6, 243-247&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;loannidis J.P. Boki K.A., Katsorida M.E. et al. Remission, relapse, and re-remission of proliferative lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide. Kidney Int.,2000, 57(1), 258-264 (abstract)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kovack R., Lafferty T.L., Brent L.H. et al. Transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of 14 cases and review of the literature. Ann. Rheum.Dis.,2000, 59, 120-124&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kovack R., Lafferty T.L., Brent L.H. et al. Transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of 14 cases and review of the literature. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2000, 59, 120-124&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Massardo L. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy associated with osteonecrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 1992, 1, 401-405.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Migliaresi S. Avascular osteonecrosis in patients with SLE: relation to corticosteroid therapy and anticardiolipin antibodies. Lupus, 1994, 3, 37-41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mittal G., Balakrishna C., Magnat G., Joshi V.R. Sustained remission in a case of SLE following megadose cyclophosphamide. Lupus, 1999, 8, 77-80&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мок C.C., Lau C.S., Но C.T., Wong R.W. Do flares of systemic lupus erythematosus decline after menopause? Scand. J. Rheumatol.,1999, 28(6), 357-362&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мок C.C., Lau C.S., Wong R.W.S. Risk factors for avascular bone necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br. J. Rheumatol., 1998, 37, 895-900&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mok M.Y., Tse H.F., Lau C.S. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus: prolonged survival following treatment with intermittent low dose ilo- prost. Lupus, 1999, 8(4), 328-331&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mont M.A., Glueck C.J., Packeco J.H., Wang P. Risk factors for osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Rheumatol., 1997, 24, 654-662.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mont M.A., Baumgarten K.M., Rifai A. et al. Atraumatic osteonecrosis of the knee. J.Bone Joint Am., 2000, 82(9), 1279-1290 (abstract)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nagasawa K., Ishii Y., Mayumi T. et al. Avascular necrosis of bone in SLE - possible role of haemostatic abnormalities. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989, 48 (8), 672-676&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petri М., Buyon J., Kim M. Classification and definition of major flares in SLE clinical trials. Lupus, 1999, 8, 685-691&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petri M. Clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol., 1995, 7, 395-401&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rahman P., Gladman D.D., Urowitz M.B. et al. Early damage as measured by the SLICC/ACR damage index is a predictor of mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus.2001, 10, 93-96&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Segui J., Ramos-Casals М., Garcia-Carrasco M. et al. Psychiatric and psychosocial disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal study of active and inactive stages of the disease. Lupus.2000, 9, 584-588&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Situnayake R.D., Rahman A., Bowman S. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus into the next millenium: looking into the crystal ball. Lupus, 1998, 7, 716-722&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stahl-Hallengren C. Jonsen A., Nived O., Sturfelt G. Incidence studies of systemic lupus erythematosus in Southern Sweden: increasing age, decreasing frequency of renal manifestations and good prognosis. J. Rheumatol.,2000, 27(3), 685-691&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stoll Т., Stucki G., Gordon C., Isenberg D.A. Editorial a Damage Index for lupus patients - Where are we now? Lupus. 1997, 6, 219-222&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sultan S.М., loannou Y., Isenberg D.A. Is there an association of malignancy with systemic lupus erythematosus? An analysis of 276 patients under long-term review. Rheumatol., 2000, 39, 1147-1152&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Swaak A.J., Nossent J.C., Bronsveld W. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus. I.Outcome and survival: Dutch experience with 110 patients studied prospectively. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989. 48, 447-454&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Swaak A.J., Brink H.G., Smeenk R.J.T. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features in patients with a disease duration of over 10 years, first evaluation. Rheumatol., 1999, 38, 953-958&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urowitz M.B., Gladman D.D. How to improve morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol., 2000, 39, 238-244&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vitali C., Bencivelli W., Isenberg D.A. Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of the Consensus Study Group of the European workshop for Rheumatology research. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol., 1992, 10, 541-547&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wallace D.J., Podell T.E., Weiner J.M. et al. Lupus nephritis. Ani. J. Medicine, 1982, 72, 209-220&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warrington K.J., Moder K.G., Brutinel W.M. The shrinking lungs syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mayo Clin. Proc.,2000, 75(5), 467-472 (abstract)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zizic T.M., Marcoux C., Hungerford D.S. et al. Corticosteroid therapy associated with ischemic necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am. J. Medicine, 1985, 79, 596-604&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zonana-Nacach A., Barr S.G., Petri М., Magder L.S. Damage in systemic lupus erythematosus and its association with corticosteroids. Arthr. Rheum., 2000, 43(8), 18011808&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zonana-Nacach A., Comargo-Coronel A., Yanez P. et al. Measurement of damage in 210 Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship with disease duration. Lupus, 1998, 7. 119-123&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Алекберова З.С., Фоломеева О. М. Острый поперечный миелит у больных системной красной волчанкой. Тер.архив, 1991. 4, 110-113&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Дядык А.И. Тарадин Г.Г., Багрий А.Э. с соавт. Поражение клапанного аппарата сердца при системной красной волчанке. Клинич. ревматол., 1996, 1, 2-7&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Иванова М.М. Системная красная волчанка. Клиника, диагностика и лечение. Клинич. ревматол.,1995, I, 2-19&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Иванова М.М. Эволюция методов лечения системной красной волчанки. В кн. Избранные лекции по клинической ревматологии, под ред. Насоновой В.А., Бунчука Н.В., М. "Медицина",2001&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Карабаева А.С. Особенности системной красной волчанки с поздним началом. Дисс. к.м.н., М.,2001&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Костюрина Г.Н., Рак Л.И., Мануйлова А.М. Особенности течения системной красной волчанки в период полового созревания. Детс. ревматол.,1997, 3, 16-21&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Лучихина ЕЛ. Анализ структуры летальных исходов при системной красной волчанке по данным Института ревматологии РАМН. Дисс.к.м.н., М., 1998&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Малдыкова X. Субтипы волчанки - связь клинических и иммунологических признаков. Тер. архив, 1992, 11, 88-92&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонова В.А. Системная красная волчанка (критерии диагностики и клинические варианты течения). Авто- реф. докт.мед.наук, М., 1967&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонова В.А., Фоломеева О.М. Системная красная волчанка у подростков. Клинич. мед.,1986, 1, 30-38&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Насонов ЕЛ., Иванова М.М., Алекберова З.С. с соавт. Современные подходы к оценке активности системной красной волчанки. Клинич. ревматол., 1995, 1, 41-48&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Олюнин Ю.А., Имад Аль-Хеннави Асептические некрозы костей у больных системной красной волчанкой. Клинич. ревматол., 1995, 1, 62-66&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Пизова Н.В. Цереброваскулярные проявления при системной красной волчанке, системной склеродермии и системных васкулитах. Дисс. к.м.н., Ярославль, 1998&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Прокаева Т.Б., Алекберова З.С. Неврит зрительного нерва при системной красной волчанке (собственное наблюдение и обзор литературы). Ревматол., 1985, 4, 40-44&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Сигидин Я.А., Гусева Н.Г, Иванова М.М. Диффузные болезни соединительной ткани: Рук. для врачей. М., «Медицина», 1994, 231-300&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Тарасов А.Н., Чиркина С.С., Шишкин В.И. с соавт. Динамика трудоспособности больных с различными вариантами течения системной красной волчанки, оп ределяемая ВТЭК. Тер. архив, 1985, 8, 85-88&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Тареева И.Е., Филимонова Р.Г., Янушкевич Т.Н., Куприянова Л.А. Течение и прогноз волчаночного нефрита. Тер.архив, 1980, I. 68-72&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Фоломеева О.М., Алекберова З.С., Котельникова Г.П. с соавт. О поражении легочных сосудов у больных системной красной волчанкой. Ревматол., 1984, 1, 27-31&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Шевченко Н.С., Костюрина Г.Н. Частота и характер остеопении у подростков с системной красной волчанкой поданным денситометрии. Детск. ревматол., 1997, 3, 1016&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alarcon-Segovia D. Treatmen! needeed to achieve remission of SLE. Lupus, 1999. 8. 566&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aranow C., Ginzler E.M. Epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 2000,9, 166-169&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Becker A., Fischer R., Scherbaum W.A., Scheider M. Osteoporosis screening in systemic lupus erythematosus: impact of disease duration and organ damage. Lupus,2001,10. 809-814&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Boumpas D.T., Balow J.E. Outcome criteria for lupus nephritis trials: a clinical overview. Lupus, 1998, 7(9), 622629.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bresnihan B. Outcome and survival in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989, 48, 443-445&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cibere J., Sibley J., Haga M. Systemic lupus erythematosus and the risk of malignancy. Lupus.2001, 10, 394-400&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corzillius М., Fortin P., Stucki G. Responsiveness and sensitivity to change of SLE disease activity measures. Lupus, 1999, 8(8), 655-659&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Drencard C., Villa A.R., Garsia-Padilla C. et al. Remission of systemic lupus erythematosus. Medicine, 1996, 75 (2), 88-98&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fortin P.R., Abrahamowicz М., Neville C. et al. Impact of disease activity and cumulative damage on the health of lupus patients. Lupus, 1998, 7, 101-107&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gellner R., Stange М., Schieman U. et al. CRH test to discontinuation of long-term low-dose glucocorticoid therapy. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 1999, 107(8), 561-567 (abstract)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ginzler E.M., Diamond H.S., Weiner M. et al. A multicenter study of outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Entry variables as predictors of prognosis. Arthr. Rheum., 1982, 25(6), 601-611&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D. Prognosis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Cur. Opin. Rheum., 1996, 8(5), 430-437.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D., Ginzler E., Goldsmith C. et al. The development and initial validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American Collegge of Rheumatology (SL1CC/ACR) Damage Index for Systemic Lupus Ervthematosus. Arthr. Rheum., 1996, 39(3), 363369.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gladman D.D., Goldsmith C.H., Urowitz M.B. et al. The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/ American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) Damage Index for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Comparison. J. Rheumatol., 2000, 27(2), 373376.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hahn B.H. Системная красная волчанка. В кн. Внутренние болезни,под ред. Харрисон Т. Р., 1996.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hanly J.G. Disease activity, cumulative damage and quality of life in SLE: results of a cross-sectional study. Lupus. 1997, 6, 243-247&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;loannidis J.P. Boki K.A., Katsorida M.E. et al. Remission, relapse, and re-remission of proliferative lupus nephritis treated with cyclophosphamide. Kidney Int.,2000, 57(1), 258-264 (abstract)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kovack R., Lafferty T.L., Brent L.H. et al. Transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of 14 cases and review of the literature. Ann. Rheum.Dis.,2000, 59, 120-124&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kovack R., Lafferty T.L., Brent L.H. et al. Transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of 14 cases and review of the literature. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 2000, 59, 120-124&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Massardo L. High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy associated with osteonecrosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus, 1992, 1, 401-405.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Migliaresi S. Avascular osteonecrosis in patients with SLE: relation to corticosteroid therapy and anticardiolipin antibodies. Lupus, 1994, 3, 37-41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mittal G., Balakrishna C., Magnat G., Joshi V.R. Sustained remission in a case of SLE following megadose cyclophosphamide. Lupus, 1999, 8, 77-80&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мок C.C., Lau C.S., Но C.T., Wong R.W. Do flares of systemic lupus erythematosus decline after menopause? Scand. J. Rheumatol.,1999, 28(6), 357-362&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Мок C.C., Lau C.S., Wong R.W.S. Risk factors for avascular bone necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br. J. Rheumatol., 1998, 37, 895-900&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mok M.Y., Tse H.F., Lau C.S. Pulmonary hypertension secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus: prolonged survival following treatment with intermittent low dose ilo- prost. Lupus, 1999, 8(4), 328-331&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mont M.A., Glueck C.J., Packeco J.H., Wang P. Risk factors for osteonecrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Rheumatol., 1997, 24, 654-662.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mont M.A., Baumgarten K.M., Rifai A. et al. Atraumatic osteonecrosis of the knee. J.Bone Joint Am., 2000, 82(9), 1279-1290 (abstract)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nagasawa K., Ishii Y., Mayumi T. et al. Avascular necrosis of bone in SLE - possible role of haemostatic abnormalities. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989, 48 (8), 672-676&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petri М., Buyon J., Kim M. Classification and definition of major flares in SLE clinical trials. Lupus, 1999, 8, 685-691&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Petri M. Clinical features of systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol., 1995, 7, 395-401&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Rahman P., Gladman D.D., Urowitz M.B. et al. Early damage as measured by the SLICC/ACR damage index is a predictor of mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus.2001, 10, 93-96&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Segui J., Ramos-Casals М., Garcia-Carrasco M. et al. Psychiatric and psychosocial disorders in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a longitudinal study of active and inactive stages of the disease. Lupus.2000, 9, 584-588&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Situnayake R.D., Rahman A., Bowman S. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus into the next millenium: looking into the crystal ball. Lupus, 1998, 7, 716-722&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stahl-Hallengren C. Jonsen A., Nived O., Sturfelt G. Incidence studies of systemic lupus erythematosus in Southern Sweden: increasing age, decreasing frequency of renal manifestations and good prognosis. J. Rheumatol.,2000, 27(3), 685-691&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Stoll Т., Stucki G., Gordon C., Isenberg D.A. Editorial a Damage Index for lupus patients - Where are we now? Lupus. 1997, 6, 219-222&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sultan S.М., loannou Y., Isenberg D.A. Is there an association of malignancy with systemic lupus erythematosus? An analysis of 276 patients under long-term review. Rheumatol., 2000, 39, 1147-1152&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Swaak A.J., Nossent J.C., Bronsveld W. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus. I.Outcome and survival: Dutch experience with 110 patients studied prospectively. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989. 48, 447-454&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Swaak A.J., Brink H.G., Smeenk R.J.T. et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features in patients with a disease duration of over 10 years, first evaluation. Rheumatol., 1999, 38, 953-958&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Urowitz M.B., Gladman D.D. How to improve morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol., 2000, 39, 238-244&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Vitali C., Bencivelli W., Isenberg D.A. Disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus: report of the Consensus Study Group of the European workshop for Rheumatology research. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol., 1992, 10, 541-547&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wallace D.J., Podell T.E., Weiner J.M. et al. Lupus nephritis. Ani. J. Medicine, 1982, 72, 209-220&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Warrington K.J., Moder K.G., Brutinel W.M. The shrinking lungs syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mayo Clin. Proc.,2000, 75(5), 467-472 (abstract)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zizic T.M., Marcoux C., Hungerford D.S. et al. Corticosteroid therapy associated with ischemic necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am. J. Medicine, 1985, 79, 596-604&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zonana-Nacach A., Barr S.G., Petri М., Magder L.S. Damage in systemic lupus erythematosus and its association with corticosteroids. Arthr. Rheum., 2000, 43(8), 18011808&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zonana-Nacach A., Comargo-Coronel A., Yanez P. et al. Measurement of damage in 210 Mexican patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship with disease duration. Lupus, 1998, 7. 119-123&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
