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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsp</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научно-практическая ревматология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rheumatology Science and Practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1995-4484</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1995-4492</issn><publisher><publisher-name>IMA-PRESS, LLC</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.14412/1995-4484-2010-827</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsp-960</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Запретный плод: каннабиноиды в ревматологической практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Forbidden fruit: cannabinoids in rheumatological care</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каратеев</surname><given-names>Андрей Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateev</surname><given-names>Andrey Evgen'evich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aekarateev@rambler.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Karateyev</surname><given-names>Andrei Evgenyevich</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karateyev</surname><given-names>Andrei Evgenyevich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">aekarateev@rambler.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><volume>48</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title>№6 (2010)</issue-title><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>79</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Каратеев А.Е., Karateyev A.E., 2010</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Каратеев А.Е., Karateyev A.E.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Karateev A.E., Karateyev A.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/960">https://rsp.mediar-press.net/rsp/article/view/960</self-uri></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Перечень наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров, подлежащих контролю в Российской Федерации (утв. постановлением Правительства РФ от 30 июня 1998 г. № 681) (с изменениями от 8 июля 2006 г., 4 июля 2007 г., 22 июня 2009 г.).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turcotte D., Le Dorze J., Esfahani F. et al. Examining the roles of cannabinoids in pain and other therapeutic indications: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11(1): 17-31.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Elikkottil J., Gupta P., Gupta K. The analgesic potential of cannabinoids. J Opioid Manag 2009, 5(6): 341-57.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shaladi A., Crestani F., Tartari S., Piva B. Cannabinoids in the control of pain. Recenti Prog Med 20084; 99(12): 616-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dray A., Read S. Arthritis and pain. Future targets to control osteoarthritis pain. Arthr Res Ther 2007; 9(3): 212.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aggarwal S., Carter G., Sullivan M. et al. Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions. J Opioid Manag 2009; 5(3): 153-68.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zuardi A. History of cannabis as a medicine: a review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2006; 28(2): 153-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pertwee R. Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147(S1): 163-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Robson P. Therapeutic aspects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 107-15.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Tuo&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/&amp;gt; William_Brooke_O%27Shaughnessy&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-&amp;gt; Joseph_Moreau&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guindon J., Hohmann A. The Endocannabinoid System and Pain. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2009; 8(6): 403-21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beltramo M. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor as a target for chronic pain. Mini Rev Med Chem 2009; 9(1): 11-25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Telleria-Diaz A., Schmidt M., Kreusch S. et al. Spinal antinociceptive effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition during inflammation: Involvement of prostaglandins and endocannabinoids. Pain 2010; 148(1): 26-35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Schuelert N., McDougall J. Cannabinoid-mediated antinociception is enhanced in rat osteoarthritic knees. Arthr Rheum 2008; 58(1): 145-53.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richardson D., Pearson R., Kurian N. et al. Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Res Ther 2008; 10(2): 43.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cohen P. Medical marijuana: the conflict between scientific evidence and political ideology. Part one of two. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2009; 23(1): 4-25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karst M., Wippermann S. Cannabinoids against pain. Efficacy and strategies to reduce psychoactivity: a clinical perspective. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 18(2): 125-33.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McPartland J., Russo E. Cannabis and cannabis extracts: greater than the sum of their parts? J Cannabis Ther 2001; 1: 103-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;http://www.maps.org &amp;lt;http://www.maps.org&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Гринспун Л., Бакалар Д., Марихуана: запретное лекарство. Пер. с англ. М.В. Кривенюк; Под ред. К.В. Жвакина. М.: Ультра. Культура, 2003; 432 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cotter J. Efficacy of Crude Marijuana and Synthetic Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Literature Review. Oncol Nurs Forum 2009; 36(3): 345-52.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Davis M. Oral nabilone capsules in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and pain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17(1): 85-95.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tramer M., Carroll D., Campbell F. et al. Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review. BMJ 2001; 323(7303): 16-21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Юрьев К.Л., Антоненко Г.Г. Эндогенная каннабиноидная система - новый перспективный объект фармакотерапевтического воздействия при болезнях нервной системы? Український медичний часопис 2005; 6(50): 21-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cabral G., Griffin-Thomas L. Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents for Ablating Neuroinflammatory Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8(3): 159-72.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Romero J., Martinez-Orgado J. Cannabinoids and neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2009; 8(6): 440-50.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wade D., Collin C., Stott C., Duncombe P. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Sativex (nabiximols), on spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16(6): 707-14.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Iskedjian M., Bereza B., Gordon A. et al. Meta-analysis of cannabis based treatments for neuropathic and multiple sclerosis-related pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23(1): 17-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zajicek J., Fox P., Sanders H. et al. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362(9395): 1517-26.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wilsey B., Marcotte T., Tsodikov A. et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain. J Pain 2008; 9(6): 506-21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ellis R., Toperoff W., Vaida F. et al. Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized, crossover clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34(3): 672-80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ware M., Adams H., Guy G. The medicinal use of cannabis in the UK: results of a nationwide survey. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59: 291-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aggarwal S., Carter G., Sullivan M. et al. Characteristics of patients with chronic pain accessing treatment with medical cannabis in Washington State. J Opioid Manag 2009; 5(5): 257-86.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reisfield G., Wasan A., Jamison R. The prevalence and significance of cannabis use in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature. Pain Med 2009; 10(8): 1434-41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wallace M., Schulteis G., Atkinson J. et al. Dose-dependent effects of smoked cannabis on capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 2007; 107(5): 785-96.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beaulieu P. Effects of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, on postoperative pain. Can J Anaesth 2006; 53(8): 769-75.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Johnson J., Burnell-Nugent M., Lossignol D. et al. Multicenter, doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of THC: CBD extract and THC extract in patients with intractable cancer-related pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010; 39(2): 167-79.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Martin-Sanchez E., Furukawa T., Taylor J., Martin J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabis treatment for chronic pain. Pain Med 2009; 10(8): 1353-68.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pinsger M., Schimetta W., Volc D. et al. Benefits of an add-on treatment with the synthetic cannabinomimetic nabilone on patients with chronic pain - a randomized controlled trial. Wien Klin Wschr 2006; 118(11-12): 327-35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Blake D., Robson P., Ho M. et al. Preliminary assessment of the efficacy, tolerability and safety of a cannabis-based medicine (Sativex) in the treatment of pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology 2006; 45: 50-2.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Russo E. Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency (CECD): can this concept explain therapeutic benefits of cannabis in migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and other treatment-resistant conditions? Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2008; 29(2): 192-200.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Schley M., Legler A., Skopp G. et al. Delta-9-THC based monotherapy in fibromyalgia patients on experimentally induced pain, axon reflex flare, and pain relief. Curr Med Res Opin 2006; 22(7): 1269-76.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ablin J., Buskila D. Emerging therapies for fibromyalgia: an update. Expert Opin Emerg Drugs 2010; 15(3): 521-33.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Skrabek R., Galimova L., Ethans K., Perry D. Nabilone for the treatment of pain in fibromyalgia. J Pain 2008; 9(2): 164-173.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ware M., Fitzcharles M., Joseph L., Shir Y. The effects of nabilone on sleep in fibromyalgia: results of a randomized controlled trial. Anesth Analg 2010; 110(2): 604-10.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Weber J., Schley M., Casutt M. et al. Tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta 9-THC) Treatment in Chronic Central Neuropathic Pain and Fibromyalgia Patients: Results of a Multicenter Survey. Anesthesiol Res Pract 2009; 2009. pii: 827290.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wang T., Collet J., Shapiro S., Ware M. Adverse effects of medical cannabinoids: a systematic review. CMAJ 2008; 178(13): 1669-78.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mazzoncini R., Donoghue K., Hart J. et al. Illicit substance use and its correlates in first episode psychosis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2010; 121(5): 351-8.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Moore T., Zammit S., Lingford-Hughes A. et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: a systematic review. Lancet 2007; 370(9584): 319-28.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Radbruch L., Nauck F. A review of side effects and complications with cannabinoid treatment. Schmerz 2003; 17(4): 274-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pesce A., West C., Rosenthal M. et al. Marijuana correlates with use of other illicit drugs in a pain patient population. Pain Physician 2010; 13(3): 283-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ware M., St Arnaud-Trempe E. The abuse potential of the synthetic cannabinoid nabilone. Addiction 2010; 105(3): 494-503.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cooper Z., Haney M. Actions of delta- 9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis: relation to use, abuse, dependence. Int Rev Psychiatry 2009; 21(2): 104-12.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zvolensky M., Cougle J., Johnson K. et al. Marijuana use and panic psychopathology among a representative sample of adults. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2010; 18(2): 129-34.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zeiger J., Haberstick B., Corley R. et al. Subjective effects to marijuana associated with marijuana use in community and clinical subjects. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 109(1-3): 161-6.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Перечень наркотических средств, психотропных веществ и их прекурсоров, подлежащих контролю в Российской Федерации (утв. постановлением Правительства РФ от 30 июня 1998 г. № 681) (с изменениями от 8 июля 2006 г., 4 июля 2007 г., 22 июня 2009 г.).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Turcotte D., Le Dorze J., Esfahani F. et al. Examining the roles of cannabinoids in pain and other therapeutic indications: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010; 11(1): 17-31.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Elikkottil J., Gupta P., Gupta K. The analgesic potential of cannabinoids. J Opioid Manag 2009, 5(6): 341-57.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shaladi A., Crestani F., Tartari S., Piva B. Cannabinoids in the control of pain. Recenti Prog Med 20084; 99(12): 616-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dray A., Read S. Arthritis and pain. Future targets to control osteoarthritis pain. Arthr Res Ther 2007; 9(3): 212.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aggarwal S., Carter G., Sullivan M. et al. Medicinal use of cannabis in the United States: historical perspectives, current trends, and future directions. J Opioid Manag 2009; 5(3): 153-68.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zuardi A. History of cannabis as a medicine: a review. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2006; 28(2): 153-7.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pertwee R. Cannabinoid pharmacology: the first 66 years. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 147(S1): 163-71.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Robson P. Therapeutic aspects of cannabis and cannabinoids. Br J Psychiatry 2001; 178: 107-15.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hua_Tuo&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/&amp;gt; William_Brooke_O%27Shaughnessy&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;lt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques-&amp;gt; Joseph_Moreau&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guindon J., Hohmann A. The Endocannabinoid System and Pain. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2009; 8(6): 403-21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beltramo M. Cannabinoid type 2 receptor as a target for chronic pain. Mini Rev Med Chem 2009; 9(1): 11-25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Telleria-Diaz A., Schmidt M., Kreusch S. et al. Spinal antinociceptive effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition during inflammation: Involvement of prostaglandins and endocannabinoids. Pain 2010; 148(1): 26-35.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Schuelert N., McDougall J. Cannabinoid-mediated antinociception is enhanced in rat osteoarthritic knees. Arthr Rheum 2008; 58(1): 145-53.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Richardson D., Pearson R., Kurian N. et al. Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthr Res Ther 2008; 10(2): 43.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cohen P. Medical marijuana: the conflict between scientific evidence and political ideology. Part one of two. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2009; 23(1): 4-25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Karst M., Wippermann S. Cannabinoids against pain. Efficacy and strategies to reduce psychoactivity: a clinical perspective. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2009; 18(2): 125-33.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;McPartland J., Russo E. Cannabis and cannabis extracts: greater than the sum of their parts? J Cannabis Ther 2001; 1: 103-32.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;http://www.maps.org &amp;lt;http://www.maps.org&amp;gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Гринспун Л., Бакалар Д., Марихуана: запретное лекарство. Пер. с англ. М.В. Кривенюк; Под ред. К.В. Жвакина. М.: Ультра. Культура, 2003; 432 с.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cotter J. Efficacy of Crude Marijuana and Synthetic Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol as Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: A Systematic Literature Review. Oncol Nurs Forum 2009; 36(3): 345-52.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Davis M. Oral nabilone capsules in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and pain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008; 17(1): 85-95.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tramer M., Carroll D., Campbell F. et al. Cannabinoids for control of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: quantitative systematic review. BMJ 2001; 323(7303): 16-21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Юрьев К.Л., Антоненко Г.Г. Эндогенная каннабиноидная система - новый перспективный объект фармакотерапевтического воздействия при болезнях нервной системы? Український медичний часопис 2005; 6(50): 21-9.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Cabral G., Griffin-Thomas L. Cannabinoids as Therapeutic Agents for Ablating Neuroinflammatory Disease. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2008; 8(3): 159-72.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Romero J., Martinez-Orgado J. Cannabinoids and neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2009; 8(6): 440-50.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wade D., Collin C., Stott C., Duncombe P. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Sativex (nabiximols), on spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16(6): 707-14.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Iskedjian M., Bereza B., Gordon A. et al. Meta-analysis of cannabis based treatments for neuropathic and multiple sclerosis-related pain. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23(1): 17-24.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Zajicek J., Fox P., Sanders H. et al. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362(9395): 1517-26.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wilsey B., Marcotte T., Tsodikov A. et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of cannabis cigarettes in neuropathic pain. J Pain 2008; 9(6): 506-21.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ellis R., Toperoff W., Vaida F. et al. Smoked medicinal cannabis for neuropathic pain in HIV: a randomized, crossover clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 2009; 34(3): 672-80.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ware M., Adams H., Guy G. The medicinal use of cannabis in the UK: results of a nationwide survey. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59: 291-5.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aggarwal S., Carter G., Sullivan M. et al. Characteristics of patients with chronic pain accessing treatment with medical cannabis in Washington State. J Opioid Manag 2009; 5(5): 257-86.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reisfield G., Wasan A., Jamison R. The prevalence and significance of cannabis use in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature. Pain Med 2009; 10(8): 1434-41.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wallace M., Schulteis G., Atkinson J. et al. Dose-dependent effects of smoked cannabis on capsaicin-induced pain and hyperalgesia in healthy volunteers. Anesthesiology 2007; 107(5): 785-96.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beaulieu P. Effects of nabilone, a synthetic cannabinoid, on postoperative pain. Can J Anaesth 2006; 53(8): 769-75.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Johnson J., Burnell-Nugent M., Lossignol D. et al. Multicenter, doubleblind, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of THC: CBD extract and THC extract in patients with intractable cancer-related pain. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010; 39(2): 167-79.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Martin-Sanchez E., Furukawa T., Taylor J., Martin J. Systematic review and meta-analysis of cannabis treatment for chronic pain. Pain Med 2009; 10(8): 1353-68.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pinsger M., Schimetta W., Volc D. et al. Benefits of an add-on treatment with the synthetic cannabinomimetic nabilone on patients with chronic pain - a randomized controlled trial. 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