Терапия генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами и инфекции у больных ревматоидным артритом: актуальность и перспективы
Аннотация
В последние десятилетия в ревматологии отмечается явный прогресс, связанный с внедрением в практику генно-инженерных биологических препаратов (ГИБП). В то же время применение этих препаратов ассоции- руется с нарастающим риском развития инфекций разнообразной природы и локализации, включая оппорту- нистические (инвазивные микозы, пневмоцистная пневмония и др.), а также с повышенным риском реакти- вации латентной инфекции, в первую очередь туберкулеза. Помимо этого, регистрируются случаи тяжелых инфекций (пневмония, сепсис, бактериальный артрит, поражение кожи и мягких тканей и др.), в том чис-
ле с летальным исходом. В настоящем обзоре проанализированы данные литературы, преимущественно пос- ледних 3 лет, касающиеся частоты и локализации инфекций при лечении различными ГИБП, полученные
в рамках плацебоконтролируемых и прямых сравнительных исследований у больных ревматоидным артри- том. Охарактеризована значимость различных инфекций (туберкулез, пневмонии, хронические вирусные ге- патиты, герпесвирусные инфекции и др.) в тактике курации указанных больных. Подчеркнута необходимость более широкого применения иммунизации различными вакцинами (в первую очередь, пневмококковой
и противогриппозной) пациентов с аутоиммунными воспалительными ревматическими заболеваниями.
Ключевые слова
Об авторе
Б. С. Белов
ФГБУ «Научно- исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой» РАН, Москва, Россия
Россия
Россия
Список литературы
1. Salliot C, Gossec L, Ruyssen-Witrand A, et al. Infections during tumour necrosis factor-alpha blocker therapy for rheumatic dis- eases in daily practice: a systematic retrospective study of 709 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2007;46(2):327–34. DOI:10.1093/rheumatology/kel23.
2. Kroesen S, Widmer AF, Tyndall A, Hasler P. Serious bacterial infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under anti-TNF- alpha therapy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003;42(5):617–21. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg263.
3. Curtis JR, Patkar N, Xie A, et al. Risk of serious bacterial infec- tions among rheumatoid arthritis patients exposed to tumor necro- sis factor alpha antagonists. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(4):1125–33. DOI: 10.1002/art.22504.
4. Dixon WG, Symmons DP, Lunt M, et al.; British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register Control Centre Consortium; British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Serious infection following anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Lessons from interpreting data from observational studies. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56(9):2896–904. DOI: 10.1002/art.22808
5. Galloway JB, Hyrich KL, Mercer LK, et al.; BSRBR Control Centre Consortium; British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register. Anti-TNF therapy is associated with an increased risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis especially in the first 6 months of treatment: updated results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register with special empha- sis on risks in the elderly. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(1):124–31. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq242
6. Listing J, Strangfeld A, Kary S, et al. Infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biologic agents. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(11):3403–12. DOI: 10.1002/art.21386.
7. Listing J, Gerhold K, Zink A. The risk of infections associated with rheumatoid arthritis, with its comorbidity and treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(1):53–61. DOI: 10.1093/rheuma- tology/kes305.
8. Askling J, Fored CM, Brandt L, et al. Time-dependent increase in risk of hospitalisation with infection among Swedish RA patients treated with TNF antagonists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(10):1339–44. DOI:10.1136/ard.2006.062760.
9. Van Dartel SA, Fransen J, Kievit W, et al. Predictors for the 5-year risk of serious infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy: a cohort study in the Dutch Rheumatoid Arthritis Monitoring (DREAM) registry. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(6):1052–7. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes413.
10. Saurit V, De La Vega MC, Citera G, et al. Argentinian register of biologics treatments (Biobadasar). Results. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(Suppl 3):564. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013- eular.1687.
11. Kay J, Fleischmann R, Keystone E, et al. Golimumab 3-year safe- ty update: an analysis of pooled data from the long-term exten- sions of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials con- ducted in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Dec 16. DOI: 10.1136/ annrheumdis-2013-204195.
12. Keystone E, Genovese MC, Hall S, et al. Five-year safety and effi- cacy of golimumab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite prior treatment with methotrexate: final study results of the phase 3, randomized placebo-controlled go-forward trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72 (Suppl 3):867–8. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.2589.
13. Bykerk VP, Cush J, Winthrop K, et al. Update on the safety profile of certolizumab pegol in rheumatoid arthritis: an integrated analy- sis from clinical trials. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Oct 3. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203660.
14. Cohen SB, Emery P, Greenwald MW, et al.; REFLEX Trial Group. Rituximab for rheumatoid arthritis refractory to anti- tumor necrosis factor therapy: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial evaluating primary efficacy and safety at twenty-four weeks. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2793–806. DOI: 10.1002/art.22025.
15. Saag KG, Winthrop KL, Alexander K, et al. Long-term safety event rates in RA patients following inirtiation of rituximab: inter- im analysis from SUNSTONE registry. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):1002.
16. Mariette X, Gottenberg JE, Ravaud P, Combe B. Registries in rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune diseases: data from the French registries. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(1):222–9. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq368.
17. Gottenberg JE, Ravaud P, Cacoub P, et al. The rate of serious infections remains stable in patients with multiple retreatments in real life: data from the «Autoimmunity and rituximab» (AIR) reg- istry. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):606–7.
18. Kremer JM, Genant HK, Moreland LW, et al. Effects of abatacept in patients with methotrexate-resistant active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144(12):865–76. DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-144-12-200606200-00003.
19. Weinblatt M, Combe B, Covucci A, et al. Safety of the selective costimulation modulator abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving background biologic and nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: A one-year randomized, placebo-controlled study. Arthritis Rheum. 2006;54(9):2807–16. DOI: 10.1002/art.22070.
20. Weinblatt M, Schiff M, Goldman A, et al. Selective costimulation modulation using abatacept in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis while receiving etanercept: a randomised clinical trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007;66(2):228–34. DOI:10.1136/ard.2006.055111.
21. Weinblatt ME, Moreland LW, Westhovens R, et al. Safety of abata- cept administered intravenously in treatment of rheumatoid arthri- tis: integrated analyses of up to 8 years of treatment from the abat- acept clinical trial program. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(6):787–97. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120906.
22. Gottenberg JE, Ravaud P, Bardin T, et al.; French Society of Rheumatology. Prospective follow-up of RA patients (1200 patient/years) treated with abatacept in real life: results from the ORA registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70 (Suppl 3):466.
23. Sibilia J, Westhovens R. Safety of T-cell co-stimulation modula- tion with abatacept in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2007;25(5 Suppl 46):46–56.
24. Smitten A, Simon T, Qi K, et al. Hospitalized infections in the abatacept RA clinical development program: an updated epidemi- ological assessment with >10,000 person-years of exposure. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58 (Suppl 9):786–7.
25. Schiff MN. Subcutaneous abatacept for the treatment of rheuma- toid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52(6):986–97. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket018.
26. Schiff MH, Kremer JM, Jahreis A, et al. Integrated safety in tocilizumab clinical trials. Arthritis Res Ther. 2011;13(5):R141. DOI: 10.1186/ar3455.
27. Yazici Y, Curtis JR, Ince A, et al. Efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis and a previous inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: the ROSE study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012;71(2):198–205. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.148700.
28. Morel J, Duzanski MO, Bardin T, et al. Prospective follow-up of tocilizumab treatment in 764 patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis: tolerance and efficacy data from the French registry Regate (REGistry-RoAcTEmra). Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(10 Suppl):152.
29. Genovese MC, Rubbert-Roth A, Smolen JS, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cumulative analysis of up to 4.6 years of exposure.
30. J Rheumatol. 2013;40(6):768–80. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120687. Epub 2013 Mar 1.
31. Koike T, Harigai M, Inokuma S, et al. Effectiveness and safety of tocilizumab: postmarketing surveillance of 7901 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Japan. J Rheumatol. 2014;41(1):15–23. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.130466
32. Campbell L, Chen C, Bhagat SS, et al. Risk of adverse events including serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(3):552–62. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keq343.
33. Koike R, Harigai M, Atsumi T, et al. Japan College of Rheumatology 2009 guidelines for the use of tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2009;19(4):351–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-009-0197-6.
34. Fujiwara H, Nishimoto N, Hamano Y, et al. Masked early symp- toms of pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during tocilizumab treatment: a report of two cases. Mod Rheumatol. 2009;19(1):64–8. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-008-0111-7.
35. Burmester GR, Charles-Schloeman C, Isaacs JD, et al. Tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor: safety comparisonin patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to nonbiologic or biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):192.
36. Gomez-Reino J, Hazra A, Fosser C, et al. Post-hoc analysis of serious infection events and selected clinical factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tofacitinib. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):194.
37. Singh JA, Wells GA, Christensen R, et al. Adverse effects of bio- logics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2: CD008794. DOI: 10.1002/14651858. CD 00894.
38. Gabay C, Emery P, van Vollenhoven R, et al.; ADACTA Study Investigators. Tocilizumab monotherapy versus adalimumab monotherapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (ADACTA): a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 4 trial. Lancet. 2013;381(9877):1541–50. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60250-0.
39. Schiff M, Weinblatt ME, Valente R, et al. Head-to-head compari- son of subcutaneous abatacept versus adalimumab for rheumatoid arthritis: two-year efficacy and safety findings from AMPLE trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(1):86–94. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis- 2013-203843.
40. Yun H, Xie F, Delzel ES, et al. Comparative safety of biological agents among Medicare rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):987.
41. Keane J, Gershon S, Wise RP, et al. Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent.
42. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(15):1098–104. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa011110.
43. Gomez-Reino JJ, Carmona L, Valverde VR, et al.; BIOBADASER Group. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with tumor necrosis fac- tor inhibitors may predispose to significant increase in tuberculosis risk: a multicenter active-surveillance report. Arthritis Rheum. 2003;48(8):2122–7. DOI: 10.1002/art.11137.
44. Tubach F, Salmon D, Ravaud P, et al.; Research Axed on Tolerance of Biotherapies Group. Risk of tuberculosis is higher with anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody therapy than with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor therapy: The three- year prospective French research axed on tolerance of biotherapies registry. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(7):1884–94. DOI: 10.1002/art.24632.
45. Dixon WG, Hyrich KL, Watson KD, et al.; BSRBR Control Centre Consortium, Symmons DP; BSR Biologics Register. Drug- specific risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR). Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(3):522–8. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.118935.
46. Перельман МИ, Насонов ЕЛ, редакторы. Диагностика туберкулезной инфекции при планировании и проведении терапии блокаторами ФНОα у больных ревматическими заболеваниями. Пособие для врачей. Москва; 2008. 40 с. [Perel'man MI, Nasonov EL, editors. Diagnostika tuberkuleznoi infektsii pri planirovanii i provedenii terapii blokatorami FNOα u bol'nykh revmaticheskimi zabolevaniyami. Posobie dlya vrachei [Diagnostics of a tubercular infection when planning and carrying out therapy by blockers TNFα at patients with rheumatic diseases. Grant for doctors]. Moscow; 2008. 40 p.]
47. Борисов СЕ, Лукина ГВ. Рекомендации по скринингу
48. и мониторингу туберкулезной инфекции у больных, получающих генно-инженерные биологические препараты. Доступ по ссылке: www.rheumatolog.ru/files/natrec21/.pdf [Borisov SE, Lukina GV. Rekomendatsii po skriningu i moni- toringu tuberkuleznoi infektsii u bol'nykh, poluchayushchikh genno-inzhenernye biologicheskie preparaty [Recommendations about screening and monitoring of a tubercular infection at the patients receiving genetically engineered biological preparations]. Available from: www.rheumatolog.ru/files/natrec21/.pdf]
49. Wotton CJ, Goldacre MJ. Risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in people admitted to hospital with selected immune-mediated diseases: record linkage cohort analyses. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2012;66(12):1177–81. DOI: 10.1136/jech-2011-200168.
50. Lane MA, McDonald JR, Zeringue AL, et al.TNF-α antagonist use and risk of hospitalization for infection in a national cohort of veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2011;90(2):139–45. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0b013e318211106a.
51. Van Vollenhoven RF, Emery P, Bingham CO 3rd, et al. Long-term safety of rituximab: pooled analysis of the rheumatoid arthritis global clinical trial programm over 11 years. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):1000.
52. Hoshi D, Nakajima A, Inoue E, et al. Incidence of serious respira- tory infections in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab. Mod Rheumatol. 2012;22(1):122–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-011-0488-6.
53. Mori S, Sugimoto M. Pneumocystis jirovecii infection: an emerg- ing threat to patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(12):2120–30. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes244.
54. Watanabe K, Sakai R, Koike R, et al. Clinical characteristics and risk factors for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving adalimumab: a retrospective review and case-control study of 17 patients. Mod Rheumatol. 2013;23(6):1085–93. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0796-5.
55. Stamp LK, Hurst M. Is there a role for consensus guidelines for P. jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis in immunosuppressed patients with rheumatic diseases? J Rheumatol. 2010;37(4):686–8. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.091426.
56. Caporali R, Bobbio-Pallavicini F, Atzeni F, et al. Safety of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockers in hepatitis B virus occult carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen negative/anti-hepatitis B core antigen positive) with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2010;62(6):749–54. DOI: 10.1002/acr.20130.
57. Mori S. Past hepatitis B virus infection in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving biological and/or nonbiological disease-modify- ing antirheumatic drugs. Mod Rheumatol. 2011;21(6):621–7. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-011-0458-z.
58. Urata Y, Uesato R, Tanaka D, et al. Prevalence of reactivation of hepatitis B virus replication in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Mod Rheumatol. 2011;21(1):16–23. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-010-0337-z.
59. Tan J, Zhou J, Zhao P, Wei J. Prospective study of HBV reactiva- tion risk in rheumatoid arthritis patients who received convention- al disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Clin Rheumatol. 2012;31(8):1169–75. DOI: 10.1007/s10067-012-1988-2.
60. Vukatana G, Gamal N, Trevisani M, et al. Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among patients with different rheu- matic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(Suppl 3):310. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.958
61. Michel M, Duvoux C, Hezode C, Cherqui D. Fulminant hepatitis after infliximab in a patient with hepatitis B virus treated for an adult onset Still's disease. J Rheumatol. 2003;30(7):1624–5.
62. Ostuni P, Botsios C, Punzi L, et al. Hepatitis B reactivation in a chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carrier with rheumatoid arthri- tis treated with infliximab and low dose methotrexate. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62(7):686–7. DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.7.686.
63. Pyrpasopoulou A, Douma S, Vassiliadis T, et al. Reactivation of chronic hepatitis B virus infection following rituximab administra- tion for rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2011;31(3):403–4. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-1202-2.
64. Ghrenassia E, Mekinian A, Rouaghe S, et al. Reactivation of resolved hepatitis B during rituximab therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2012;79(1):100–1. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2011.07.003.
65. Gigi E, Georgiou T, Mougiou D, et al. Hepatitis B reactivation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis with antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen treated with rituximab. Hippokratia. 2013;17(1):91–3.
66. Salman-Monte TC, Lisbona MP, Garcia-Retortillo M, Maymo J. Reactivation of hepatitis virus B infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with rituximab. Reumatol Clin. 2014 May–June;10(3):196–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2013.05.011. Epub 2013 Sep 17
67. Oshima Y, Tsukamoto H, Tojo A. Association of hepatitis B with antirheumatic drugs: a case-control study. Mod Rheumatol. 2013;23(4):694–704. DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0709-7.
68. Furst DE, Keystone EC, So AK, et al. Updated Consensus Statement on Biological Agents for the Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases, 2012. Ann Rrheum Dis. 2013;72 Suppl 2:2–34. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203348.
69. Vassilopoulos D, Apostolopoulou A, Hadziyannis E, et al. Long- term safety of anti-TNF treatment in patients with rheumatic dis- eases and chronic or resolved hepatitis B virus infection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69(7):1352–5. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2009.127233.
70. Lan JL, Chen YM, Hsieh TY, et al. Kinetics of viral loads and risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in hepatitis B core antibody-posi- tive rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(10):1719–25. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.148783.
71. Kim PS, Ho GY, Prete PE, Furst DE. Safety and efficacy of abata- cept in eight rheumatoid arthritis patients with chronic hepatitis B. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(8):1265–8. DOI: 10.1002/acr.21654.
72. Carroll MB. The impact of biologic response modifiers on hepati- tis B virus infection. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2011;11(4):533–44. DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2011.554810.
73. Vassilopoulos D, Calabrese LH. Management of rheumatic disease with comorbid HBV or HCV infection. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(6):348–57. DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.63.
74. Peterson JR, Hsu FC, Simkin PA, Wener MH. Effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists on serum transaminases and viraemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and chronic hepati- tis C infection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:1078–82. DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.11.1078.
75. Zein NN; Etanercept Study Group. Etanercept as an adjuvant to interferon and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a phase 2 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Hepatol. 2005;42(3):315–22.
76. Brunasso AM, Puntoni M, Gulia A, Massone C. Safety of anti- tumour necrosis factor agents in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection: a systematic review. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011;50(9):1700–11. DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker190.
77. Pompili M, Biolato M, Miele L, Grieco A. Tumor necrosis factor- α inhibitors and chronic hepatitis C: A comprehensive literature review. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(44):7867–73. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i44.7867.
78. Inanc N, Direskeneli H. Serious infections under treatment with TNF-alpha antagonists compared to traditional DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2006;27(1):67–71. DOI: 10.1007/s00296-006-0165-9.
79. McDonald JR, Zeringue AL, Caplan L, et al. Herpes zoster risk factors in a national cohort of veterans with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(10):1364–71. DOI: 10.1086/598331.
80. Strangfeld A, Listing J, Herzer P, et al. Risk of herpes zoster in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF-alpha agents. JAMA. 2009;301(7):737–44. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2009.146.
81. Che H, Lukas C, Morel J, Combe B. Risk of herpes/herpes zoster during anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy in patients with rheuma- toid arthritis. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2013;pii:S1297–319X(13)00194-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2013.07.009.
82. Yun H, Xie F, Delzell ES, et al. Comparative risk of Herpes zoster among RA patients switching biologics in the U.S. care medical program. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):1179.
83. Cohen SB, Fleischmann RM, Kremer JM, et al. Efficacy and safety analyses of tofacitinib from pooled phase 2, phase 3 and long-term extension rheumatoid arthritis studies: US compared with non-US population. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65(10 Suppl):192.
84. Wendling D, Streit G, Toussirot E, Prati C. Herpes zoster in patients taking TNF-alpha antagonists for chronic inflammatory joint disease. Joint Bone Spine. 2008;75(5):540–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2007.10.011.
85. Molloy ES, Calabrese LH. Progressive multifocal leukoen- cephalopathy associated with immunosuppressive therapy in rheu- matic diseases: evolving role of biologic therapies. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(9):3043–51. DOI: 10.1002/art.34468.
86. Yamamoto M, Takahashi H, Wakasugi H, et al. Leukoencephalopathy during administration of etanercept for refractory rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 2007;17(1):72–4. DOI:10.1007/s10165-006-0530-2.
87. Kobayashi K, Okamoto Y, Inoue H, et al. Leukoencephalopathy with cognitive impairment following tocilizumab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Med. 2009;48(15):1307–9. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.48.1926.
88. Kumar D, Bouldin TW, Berger RG. A case of progressive multifo- cal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with infliximab the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(11):3191–5. DOI: 10.1002/art.27687.
89. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P, et al. 2013 IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline for Vaccination of the Immunocompromised Host. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(3):44–100. DOI: 10.1093/cid/cit684.
90. Hua C, Barnetche T, Combe B, Morel J. Effect of methotrexate, anti-TNFα and rituximab on the immune response to influenza and pneumococcal vaccines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2013. DOI: 10.1002/acr.22246.
91. Kapetanovic MC, Kristensen LE, Saxne T, et al. Impact of anti- rheumatic treatment on immunogenicity of pandemic H1N1 influenza vaccine in patients with arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2014;16(1):R2. DOI: 10.1186/ar4427.
Рецензия
Для цитирования:
Белов Б.С. Терапия генно-инженерными биологическими препаратами и инфекции у больных ревматоидным артритом: актуальность и перспективы. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(3):322-330. https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2014-322-330
For citation:
Belov B.S. BIOLOGICAL THERAPY AND INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: RELEVANCE AND PROSPECTS. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(3):322-330. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2014-322-330
Просмотров: 4777
Послать статью по эл. почте 
