Перспективы анти-В-клеточной терапии при иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваниях

Нарушение В-клеточной иммунологической толерантности играет центральную роль в патогенезе иммуновоспалительных (аутоиммунных) ревматических заболеваний (ИВРЗ). В-клетки осуществляют связь между врожденным и приобретенным иммунитетом: экспрессируют Toll-подобные рецепторы, реагирующие на сигналы «опасности» («danger signals»); выступают в роли антиген-презентирующих клеток; индуцируют антиген-специфический иммунный ответ; определяют развитие «иммунологической памяти»; синтезируют широкий спектр цитокинов, регулирующих (стимулирующих или подавляющих) иммунный ответ и воспаление. При ИВРЗ наблюдаются нарушения метаболизма и клеточной сигнализации В-клеток, приводящие к дефектам В-регуляторных, Т-регуляторных, фолликулярных Т-хелперных и дендритных клеток. В-клетки синтезируют органонеспецифические и органоспецифические аутоантитела, являющиеся биомаркерами аутоиммунных заболеваний и играющие важную роль в их иммунопатогенезе. Анти-(пан)-В-клеточная терапия, вызывающая деплецию (истощение) В-клеток в крови и органах-мишенях, эффективна при широком круге ИВРЗ. Ее эффективность определяется различными механизмами: подавлением синтеза патогенных аутоантител; модуляцией функции В-клеток (презентация антигенов, синтез цитокинов, костимуляция), Т-лимфоцитов и дендритных клеток. Дальнейшее изучение стратегии «таргетной» анти-В-клеточной терапии, механизмов действия и новых «мишеней» имеет важное значение для прогресса современной  ревматологии, в отношении совершенствовании стратегии терапии ИВРЗ.

иммуновоспалительные (аутоиммунные) ревматические заболевания, В-клетки, ритуксимаб, белимумаб, биоаналоги, Ацеллбия

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