Тяжелые металлы как индукторы аутоиммунных процессов у человека и лабораторных животных

1. <div><p>Будников Г. К. Тяжелые металлыв экологическом мониторинге водных систем. СОЖ, 1998, 5, 23 29.</p><p>Галактионов В.Г. Иммунология. М., Нива России,2000, 408.</p><p>Касохов А.Б. Нарушение иммунобиологической реактивностив условиях загрязнения окружающей среды тяжелыми металлами. Росс. вест, перинатол. педиатрии, 1999, 5.</p><p>Красильщикова М.С., Аблаева Ю.В., Сперанский А.И.и др. Индукция аутоиммуноподобного процессас помощью регулярных инъекций хлорида ртути мышам линии SJL. Докл. Акад. наук, 2006, 409, 1, 129-132.</p><p>Кулинский В.И. Обезвреживание ксенобиотиков. Соровский образоват. журн., 1999, 1, 8 -12.</p><p>Куценко С.А. Основы токсикологии. Санкт Петербург, 2002.</p><p>Левитский С.А., Мухарьямова К.Ш., Вейко В.П. Выявление сигнальных последовательностейв молекуле фибрилларина, определяющих его специфическую локализациюв ядрышках клеток HeLa. Молекулярная биология, 2004, 38, 1 10.</p><p>Мухарьямова К.Ш., Дудник О.А., Сперанский А.И.и др. Сравнительная локализация основных белков ядрышка фибрилларинаи В-23в делящихся клетках млекопитающих. Биологические мембраны, 1998, 15, 657 — 669.</p><p>Реймерс Н.Ф. Азбука природы. Микроэнциклопедия биосферы. Моск., “Знание”, 1980.</p><p>Сборник санитарно-гигиенических нормативови методов контроля вредных веществв объектах окружающей среды. Моск., 1991.</p><p>Сперанский А.И., ИвановаС.М. Аутоиммунные болезни (клиническиеи теоретические аспекты). Аллергол. иммунол., 2002, 3, 10 23.</p><p>Ярилин А.А.Основы иммунологии. М., Медицина, 1999, 608.</p><p>Abedi-Valugerdi М., Moller G. Contribution of Н-2 and non-H-2 genes in the control of mercuryinduced autoimmunity. Int. Immunol., 2000, 12, 10, 1425 1430.</p><p>Abedi-Valugerdi М., Ни H., Moller G. Mercuryinduced renal immune complex deposits in young (NZBx NZW) FI mice: characterization of antibodies/autoantibodies. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1997, 110, 1, 86-91</p><p>Abedi-Valugerdi М., Ни Н., Moller G. Mercuryinduced anti-nucleolar autoantibodies can transgress the membrane of living cells in vivo and in vitro. Int. Immunol., 1999, 11, 4, 605 615.</p><p>Arnett F., Fritzler М., Ahn C. et al. Urinary mercury levels in patients with autoantibodies to U3-RNP (fibrillarin). J. Rheumatol., 2000, 27, 2, 405 410.</p><p>Arnett F., Reveille J., Goldstein R. etal. Autoantibodies to fibrillarin in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). An immunogenetic, serologic, and clinical analysis. Arthr. Rheum., 1996, 39,7, 1151-1160.</p><p>Bagenstose L., Salgame P., Monestier M. IL-down-regulates autoantibody production in mercury-induced autoimmunity. J. Immunol., 1998, 160,4, 16121917.</p><p>Bagenstose L., Class R., Salgame P. et al. B7-1 and B7-2 co-stimulatory molecules are required for mercury-induced autoimmunity. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2002, 127, 1,m 19.</p><p>Bigazzi P. Autoimmunity and heavy metals. Lupus, 1994, 3, 6, 449 453.</p><p>Budinger L., Hertl M. Immunologic mechanisms in hypersensitivity reactions to metal ions: an overview. Allergy, 2000, 55, 2, 108 115.</p><p>Cardenas A., RoelsH., Bernard A. etal. Markers of early renal changes induced by industrial pollutants. I. Application to workers exposed to mercury vapour. Br. J. Ind. Med., 1993, 50, 1, 17-27.</p><p>Cepeda E., Reveille J. Autoantibodies in systemic sclerosis and fibrosing syndromes: clinical indications and relevance. Curr. Opin. Rheumatol., 2004, 16, 6, 723 732.</p><p>Charpentier B., Moullot P., Faux N. et al. T lymphocytes functions in mercuric chloride-induced membranous glomerulonephritis in man. Evidence fora defect of presentation of the histocompatibility class II molecules at the cell surface. Nephrologie, 1981,2, 4, 153157.</p><p>Chen М., Dittmann A., Kuhn A. et al. Recruitment of topoisomerase I (Scl-70) to nucleoplasmic proteasomes in response to xenobiotics suggestsa role for altered antigen processing in scleroderma. Arthr. Rheum., 2005, 52, 3, 877 884.</p><p>Chen М., Hemmerich P., von Mikecz A. Platinuminduced autoantibodies target nucleoplasmic antigens related to active transcription. Immunobiology, 2002, 206, 5, 474 483.</p><p>Chen М., Rockel Т., Steinweger G. et al. Subcellular recruitment of fibrillarin to nucleoplasmic proteasomes: implications for processing ofa nucleolar autoantigen. Mol. Biol. Cell, 2002, 13, 10, 3576 3587.</p><p>Chen М., von Mikecz A. Specific inhibition of rRNA transcription and dynamic relocation of fibrillarin induced by mercury. Exp. Cell Res., 2000, 259, 1,225 238.</p><p>Chen М., von Mikecz A. Proteasomal processing of nuclear autoantigens in systemic autoimmunity. Autoimmun. Rev., 2005, 4, 3, 117 122.</p><p>de la Fuente H., Portales-Perez D., Baranda L. et al. Effect of arsenic, cadmium and lead on the induction of apoptosis of normal human mononuclear cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2002, 129, 1, 69 77.</p><p>Edwards C., Cooper C. Early environmental factors and rheumatoid arthritis. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2006, 143, 1, 1-5.</p><p>El-Gazzar R., Shamy М., Moneim I. et al. Occupational exposure to mercury results in serum autoantibodies to neurotypic and gliotypic proteins. Toxicologist, 1994, 14, 291.</p><p>Evans H., Taioli E., Toniolo P. et al. Serum utontibody to nervous system proteins: Isotypes in workers exposed to cadmium and nickel. Toxicologist, 1994, 14, 291.</p><p>Fairweather D., Rose N. Women and autoimmune diseases. Emeig. Infect.Dis., 2004, 10, 11, 2005 2011.</p><p>Frenkel K., Karkoszka J., Cohen B. et al. Occupational exposures to Cd, Ni, and Cr modulate titers of antioxidized DNA base autoantibodies. Environ. Health. Perspect., 1994, 102, 3, 221 225.</p><p>Goering P., Thomas D., Rojko J. et al. Mercuric chloride-induced apoptosis is dependent on protein synthesis. Toxicol. Lett., 1999, 105, 3, 183 195.</p><p>Haggqvist B., Havarinasab S., Bjom E. et al. The immunosuppressive effect of methylmercury does not preclude development of autoimmunity in genetically susceptible mice. Toxicology, 2005, 208, 1, 149 164.</p><p>Hamada Т., Tanimoto A., Sasaguri Y. Apoptosis induced by cadmium. Apoptosis, 1997, 2, 4, 359 367.</p><p>Hanley G., Schiffenbauer J., Sobel E. Resistance to HgC12-induced autoimmunity in haplotypeheterozygous mice is an intrinsic property of В cells. J. Immunol., 1998, 161, 4, 1778 1785.</p><p>Hansson М., Abedi-Valugerdi M. Xenobiotic metal-induced autoimmunity: mercury and silver differentially induce antinucleolar autoantibody production in susceptible H-2s, H-2q and H-2f mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2003, 131, 3, 405 -414.</p><p>Havarinasab S., Hultman P. Organic mercury compounds and autoimmunity. Autoimmun. Rev., 2005, 4, 5, 270 275.</p><p>Ho K., Reveille J. The clinical relevance of autoantibodies in scleroderma. Arthr. Res. Ther., 2003, 5, 2, 80 93.</p><p>Ни H., Moller G., Abedi-&amp;lugerdi M. Thiol compounds inhibit mercury-induced immunological and immunopathological alterations in susceptible mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1997, 107, 1, 68 75.</p><p>Hudson C., Cao L., Kasten-Jolly J. et al. Susceptibility of lupus-prone NZM mouse strains to lead exacerbation of systemic lupus erythematosus symptoms. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 2003, 66, 10, 895-918.</p><p>Hultman P., Hansson-Georgiadis H. Methyl mercury-induced autoimmunity in mice. Toxicol. Appi. Pharmacol., 1999, 154, 3, 203 211.</p><p>Hultman P., Ganowiak K., Turley S. et al. Genetic susceptibility to silver-induced antifibrillarin autoantibodies in mice. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1995, 77, 3, 291 297.</p><p>Hultman P., Turley S., Enestrom S. et al. Murine genotype influences the specificity, magnitude and persistence of murine mercury-induced autoimmunity. J. Autoimmun., 1996, 9, 2, 139 149.</p><p>Horky М., Wurzer G., Kotala V. et al. Segregation of nucleolar components coincides with caspase-3 activation in cisplatin-treated HeLa cells. J. Cell Sci., 2001, 114, 663 670.</p><p>Jarup L. Hazards of heavy metal contamination. Br. Med. Bull., 2003, 68, 167 182.</p><p>Johansson U., Hansson-Georgiadis H., Hultman P. Murine silver-induced autoimmunity: silver shares induction of antinucleolar antibodies with mercury, but causes less activation of the immune system. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 1997, 113, 4, 432 443.</p><p>Johansson U., Hansson-Geoigiadis H., Hultman P. The genotype determines the В cell response in mercury-treated mice. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 1998, 116,4, 295 305.</p><p>Johansson U., Sander B., Hultman P. Effects of the murine genotype on T cell activation and cytokine production in murine mercury-induced autoimmunity. J. Autoimmun., 1997, 10, 4, 347 355.</p><p>Jordan P., Carmo-Fonseca M. Cisplatin inhibits synthesis of ribosomal RNA in vivo. Nucle. Acids Res., 1998,, 26(12), 2831 2836.</p><p>Jung Y., Lippard S. RNA polymerase II blockage by cisplatin-damaged DNA. Stability and polyubiquitylation of stalled polymerase. J. Biol. Chem., 2006, 281(3),1361 1370.</p><p>Kasturi K., Hatakeyama A., Spiera H. et al. Antifibrillarin autoantibodies present in systemic sclerosis and other connective tissue diseases interact with similar epitopes. J. Exp. Med., 1995, 181, 3, 1027 1036.</p><p>Kimber I., Dearman R. Immunologic basis for autoimmunity and the potential influences of xenobiotics. Toxicol. Lett., 2002, 127, 1-3, 77 81.</p><p>Kita Н., Не X., Gershwin М. Autoimmunity and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. Ann. Med., 2004, 36, 1, 72 80.</p><p>Kono D., Park М., Szydlik A. et al. Resistance to xenobiotic-induced autoimmunity maps to chromosome 1. J. Immunol., 2001, 167, 4, 2396 2403.</p><p>Kubicka-Muranyi М., Griem P., Lubben B. et al. Mercuric-chloride-induced autoimmunity in mice involves up-regulated presentation by spleen cells of altered and unaltered nucleolar self antigen. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 1995, 108, 1, 1 10.</p><p>Kubicka-Muranyi М., Kremer J., Rottmann N. et al. Murine systemic autoimmune disease induced by mercuric chloride: T helper cellsreacting to self proteins. Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol., 1996, 109, I, 11-20.</p><p>Lanzavecchia A. How can cryptic epitopes trigger autoimmunity? J. Exp. Med., 1995, 181, 6, 1945 1948.</p><p>Leffel E., Wolf C., Poklis A. et al. Drinking water exposure to cadmium, an environmental contaminant, results in the exacerbation of autoimmune disease in the murine model. Toxicology, 2003, 188, 2-3, 233 250.</p><p>Lewis E., Schwartz M. Pathology of lupus nephritis. Lupus, 2005, 14, 1,31 38.</p><p>Long S., Van de Water J., Gershwin M. Antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis: the role of xenobiotics. Autoimmun. Rev., 2002, 1, 1-2, 37-42.</p><p>McCabe М., EcklesK.,LangdonM.etal. Attenuation of CD95-induced apoptosis by inorganic mercury: caspase-3 is nota direct target oflow levels of Hg2+. Toxicol. Lett., 2005, 155, 1, 161 170.</p><p>McCabe М., Whitekus М., Hyun J. et al. Inorganic mercury attenuates CD95-mediated apoptosis by interfering with formation of the death inducing signaling complex. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2003, 190, 2, 146156.</p><p>Moneim I., Shamy М., El-Gazzar R. et al. Autoantibodies to neurofilaments (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in workers exposed to lead. Toxicologist, 1994, 14, 291.</p><p>Moszczynski P. Immunological disorders in men exposed to metallic mercury vapour. A review. Cent. Eur. J. Public Health, 1999, 7, 1, 10 14.</p><p>Nielsen J., Hultman P. Mercury-induced autoimmunity in mice. Environ. Health Perspect., 2002, 110,15, 877881.</p><p>Ohsawa M. Biomarkers for responses to heavy metals. Cancer Causes Control, 1997, 8, 3, 514 517.</p><p>Ohsawa М., Takahashi K., Otsuka F. Induction of anti-nuclear antibodies in mice orally exposed to cadmium at low concentrations. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 1988, 73, 1, 98 -102.</p><p>Pathan E., Joshi V. Rheumatoid arthritis and the kidney. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 2004, 52, 488 494.</p><p>Pedersen L., Permin H. Rheumatic disease, heavymetal pigments, and the Great Masters. Lancet, 1988, 1, 8597, 1267 1269.</p><p>Pollard K., Pearson D., Hultman P. et al. Lupusprone mice as models to study xenobiotic-induced acceleration of systemic autoimmunity. Environ. Health Perspect., 1999, 107, 5, 729 735.</p><p>Pollard K., Pearson D., BluthnerM. etal. Proteolytic cleavage ofa self-antigen following xenobioticinduced cell death producesa fragment with novel immunogenic properties. J. Immunol., 2000, 165, 4, 2263 2270.</p><p>Pollard K., Pearson D., Hultman P. et al. Xenobiotic acceleration of idiopathic systemic autoimmunity in lupus-prone bxsbmice. Environ. Health Perspect., 2001, 109, 1,27 -33.</p><p>Powell J., &amp;n de Water J., Gershwin M. Evidence for the role of environmental agents in the initiation or progression of autoimmune conditions. Environ. Health Perspect., 1999, 107, 5, 667 672.</p><p>Reuter R., Tessars G., fohr H. et al. Mercuric chloride induces autoantibodies against U3 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein in susceptible mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1989, 86, 1, 237 241.</p><p>Ring G., Lakkis F. Breakdown of self-tolerance and the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Semin. Nephrol., 1999, 19, 1,2533.</p><p>Rose N. Mechanisms of autoimmunity. Semin. Liver Dis., 2002, 22, 4, 387 394.</p><p>Rowley B., Monestier M. Mechanisms of heavy metal-induced autoimmunity. Mol. Immunol., 2005, 42, 7, 833 838.</p><p>Sarzi-Puttini P., Atzeni F., Iaccarino L. et al. Environment and systemic lupus erythematosus: an overview. Autoimmunity, 2005, 38, 7, 465 472.</p><p>Schmittgen Т., Ju J., Danenberg K. et al. Inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing by cisplatin and platinum analogs. Int. J. Oncol., 2003, 23, 3, 785 789.</p><p>Shen X., Lee K., Konig R. Effects of heavy metal ions on resting and antigen-activated CD4(+) T cells. Toxicology, 2001, 169, 1, 67 80.</p><p>Shenker B., Pankoski L., Zekavat A. et al. Mercuryinduced apoptosis in human lymphocytes: caspase activation is linked to redox status. Antioxid. Redox. Signal, 2002, 4, 3, 379 389.</p><p>Silbergeld E., Silva I., Nyland J. Mercury and autoimmunity: implications for occupational and environmental health. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2005, 207, 2, 282 -292.</p><p>Silva I., Nyland J., Gorman A et al. Mercury exposure, malaria, and serum antinuclear/ antinucleolar antibodies in amazon populations in Brazil:a cross-sectional study. Environ. Health, 2004,3, 1, 11.</p><p>Tabata М., Kumar Sarker A., Nyarko E. Enhanced conformational changes in DNA in the presence of mercury(II), cadmium(II) and lead(II) porphyrins. J. Inorg. Biochem., 2003, 94, 1-2, 50 58.</p><p>Tikly М., Rands A., McHugh N. et al. Human leukocyte antigen class II associations with systemic sclerosis in South Africans. Tissue Antigens, 2004, 63, 5, 487 490.</p><p>Tormey V., Bunn C., Denton C. et al. Anti-fibrillarin antibodies in systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology (Oxford), 2001, 40, 10, 1157 1162.</p><p>Turley S., Tan E., Pollard K. Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of U3 snoRNA-associated mouse fibrillarin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1993, 1216, 119 122.</p><p>Van Eenennaam H., Vogelzangs J., Bisschops L. et al. Autoantibodies against small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes and their clinical associations. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 2002, 130, 3, 532 540.</p><p>Wang D., Lippard S. Cellular processing of platinum anticancer drugs. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov., 2005,4,4, 307 320.</p><p>WarfVinge K., Hansson H., Hultman P. Systemic autoimmunity due to mercury vapor exposure in genetically susceptible mice: dose-response studies. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1995, 132, 2, 299 309.</p><p>"Waterman S., el-Fawal H., Snyder C. Lead alters the immunogenicity of two neural proteins:a potential mechanism for the progression of lead-induced neurotoxicity. Environ. Health Perspect., 1994,102, 12, 1052 1056.</p><p>Yang J., Hildebrandt B., Luderschmidt C. et al. Human scleroderma sera contain autoantibodies to protein components specific to the U3 small nucleolar RNP complex. Arthr. Rheum., 2003, 48, 1,210-217.</p><p>Ziemba S., McCabe М., Rosenspire A. Inorganic mercury dissociates preassembled Fas/CD95 receptor oligomers in T lymphocytes. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 2005, 206, 3, 334 42.</p></div><br />