ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА ПРИ ОСТЕОАРТРОЗЕ

1. <div><p>Беневоленская Л.И., Бржезовский М.М. Эпидемиология ревматических болезней. М., Медицина., 1988.</p><p>Сеитнепесов К.Н., Полубабкина О.В, Клы- чев С.М и др. Некоторые особенности клинической картины дегенеративно-деструктивных изменений суставов у больных остеоартрозом эпидемиологического контингента. Тез. докл.XVI симп.Европейского общества остеоартрологов., 1987, 139.</p><p>Alla-Kokko L., Baldwin С.Т., Moscovitz R.W. et al. A single base mutation in the type 11 procollagen gene (Col 2A1) as cause of primary osteoarthritis assosiated with mild chondrodysplasia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1990, 87, 6565-6568.</p><p>Altman R., Arch Е., Bloch D. et al. Development of criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis: classification of osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum., 1986, 29, 1039-1049.</p><p>Altman R., Alarcon G., Appelrough D. et al. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hand. Arthritis Rheum., 1990, 33, 1601-1610.</p><p>Altman R. Classification of disease: osteoarthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum., 1991, 20, 6, suppl 2, 40-47.</p><p>Altman R., Alarcon G., Appelrough D. et al. The American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification and reporting of osteoarthritis of the hip. Arthritis Rheum., 1991, 34, 505-514.</p><p>Anderson J., Felson D.T. Factors assosiated with osteoarthritis of the knee in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1). Am. J. Epidemiol., 1988, 128, 179-189.</p><p>Bagge E., Bjelle A., Svanborg A. Radiological osteoarthritis in the elderly. A cohort comparison and a longitudinal study of the “70-year old people in Goteburg”. Clin. Rheumatol., 1992, 11, 486-491.</p><p>Brandt K.D., Mankin H.J., Shulman L.E. Workshop on etiopathogenesis of osteoarthritis. J. Rheumatol., 1986, 13, 1126-1160.</p><p>Burger H., van Daele P., Odding E. et al. Association of radiographically evident osteoarthritis with higher bone mineral density and increased bone loss with age. Arthritis Rheum., 1996, 39, 81-86.</p><p>Carman W.J., Sowers M.F., Hawthorne V.M., Weissfeld L.A. Obesity as a risk factor for osteoarthritis of the hand and wrist: a prospective study. Am. J. Epidemiol., 1994, 139, 119-129.</p><p>Cicuttini F.M., Baker J.R., Spector T.D. The association of obesity with osteoarthritis of the hand and knee in women: a twin study. J. Rheumatol., 1996, 23, 1221-1226.</p><p>Da Silva J.A.P., Larbre J.P., Seed M.P. et al. Sex differences in inflammation induced cartilage damage in rodents. The influence of sex steroids. J. Rheumatol., 1994, 21, 330-337.</p><p>Dieppe P., Cushnaghan J., Young P. et al. Prediction of the progression of joint space narrowing in osteoarthritis of the knee by bone scintigraphy. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1993, 52, 557- 563.</p><p>Dieppe P., Kirwan J. The localisation of osteoarthritis. Br. J. Rheumatol., 1994, 33, 201.</p><p>Doherty М., Watt 1., Dieppe P. Influence of primary generalised osteoarthritis on development of secondary osteoarthritis. Lancet, 1983, 2, 8-11.</p><p>Dougados М., Gueguen A., Nguyen M. et al. Longitudinal radiologic evaluation of osteoarthritis of the knee. J. Rheumatol., 1992, 19, 378-383.</p><p>Felson D.T., Anderson J., Naimark A. et al. Obesity and knee osteoarthritis. Ann. Intern. Med., 1988, 109, 18-24.</p><p>Felson D.T., Zhang Y., Anthony J.M. et al. Weight loss reduced the risk for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women. Ann. Intern. Med., 1992, 116, 535-539.</p><p>Felson D.T., Zhang Y., Hannan M.T. et al. Risk factors for incidence X-ray OA (osteoarthritis) in the elderly. Arthritis Rheum., 1995, 38, 396.</p><p>Felson D.T. Does excess weight cause osteoarthritis and, if so, why? Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1996, 55, 668-670.</p><p>Hannan M.T., Anderson J., Zhang Y. et al. Bone mineral density and knee osteoarthritis in eldery men and women. Arthritis Rheum., 1993, 36, 1671-1680.</p><p>Hardingham T.E., Venn G., Bayliss M.T. Chondrocyte responses in cartilage and in experimental osteoarthritis. Br. J. Rheumatol., 1991, 30, suppl 1, 32-37.</p><p>Hart D.J., Leedham-Green М., Spector T.D. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the general population using different criteria: the Chingford Study. Br. J. Rheumatol., 1991, 30, suppl.2, 72.</p><p>Hartz A.J., Fischer M.E, Bril G et al. The assosiation of obesity with joint pain and osteoarthritis in the HANES data. J. Chron. Dis., 1986, 49, 311-319.</p><p>Heliovaara М., Mkel М., Impivaara O. et al. Assosiation of overweight, trauma and workload with coxarthrosis: a health survey of 7217 persons. Acta. Orthop. Scand., 1993, 64, 513-518.</p><p>Jacobsson L., Lindgarde F, Manthorpe R. The commonest rheumatic complains of over six weeks duration during a 12-month period in a defined Swedish population: prevalences and relationships. Scand. J. Rheumatol., 1989, 18, 353-360.</p><p>Jorring K. Osteoarthritis of the hip. Epidemiology and clinical role. Acta. Orthop. Scand., 1980, 51, 523-530.</p><p>Kellgren J.H., Moore R. Generalized osteoarthritis and Heberden’s nodes. B.M.J., 1952, 1, 181-187.</p><p>Kellgren J.A., Lawrence J.S. Osteoarthritis and disk degeneration in the urban population. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1958, 17, 388-397.</p><p>Knowlton R.G., Katzenstein P.L., Moscovitz R.W. et al. Genetic linkage of a polymorphism in the type 11 procollagen gene (Col 2A1) to primary osteoarthritis assosiated with mild chondrodysplasia. N. Engl. J. Med., 1990, 322, 526-530.</p><p>Kritz-Silverstein D.K. Barret-Connor E. Early menopause, number of reproductive years, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Pub. Health, 1993, 83,983-988.</p><p>Kuttner K., Goldberg V.M. Osteoarthritic disorders. Rosemont: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1995.</p><p>Lawrence R.C., Hochberg M.C., Kelsey J.L. et al. Estimates of the prevalence of selected arthritic and muskuloskeletal diseases in the United States. J Rheumatol., 1989, 16, 427-441.</p><p>Lethbridge-Cejku M, Tobin J.D., Scott W.W. et al. The relationship of age and gender to prevalence and pattern of radiographic changes of osteoarthritis of the knee: data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Aging Clin. Exp. Res., 1994, 6, 353-357.</p><p>LindbergH. Epidemiological studies on primary coxarthrosis. Malmo: University of Lund, 1985.</p><p>Lomander L.S. Markers of cartilage metabolism in arthrosis. Acta. Orthop. Scand., 1991, 62, 623632.</p><p>Loughlin J., Irven C., Fergusson C., Sykes B. Sibling pair analysis show no linkage of generalized osteoarthritis to the loci encoding type II collagen, cartilage link protein or cartilage matrix protein. Br. J. Rheumatol., 1994, 33, 1103-1106.</p><p>MacAlinden Т., Zhang Y., Hannan M.T et al. Are risk facrors for patellofemoral and tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis different? J. Rheumatol., 1996, 23, 332-337.</p><p>Manologas S.C., Jilka R.L. Bone marrow, cytokines and bone remodeling. N. Engl. J. Med., 1995, 332, 305-311.</p><p>Nevitt M.C., Cummings S.R., Lane N.E. et al. Current use of oral estrogen is associated with a decreased prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in a elderly white women. Arthritis Rheum. 1994, suppl. 37, 212.</p><p>Oldenhave A., Jaszmann L.,Haspels A.A., Everaerd W. Impact of the climacteric on wellbeing: a survey based on 5213 women 39-60 years old. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1993, 168, 772-780.</p><p>Oliveria S.A., Felson D.T., Reed J.I. et al. Incidence of symptomatic hand, hip and knee osteoarthritis among patients in a health maintenance organisation. Arthritis Rheum., 1995, 38, 1134-1141.</p><p>Pattric М., Manhire A., Ward М., Doherty M. HLA-A,B antigens and al-antitrypsin phenotypes in nodal and generalized osteoarthritis and erosive osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989, 48, 470-475.</p><p>Pelletier J.P., DiBattista J.A., Roughley P. et al. Cytokines and inflammation in cartilage degradation. Rheum. Dis. Clin. North. Am., 1993, 19, 545.</p><p>Petersson I.F. Occurrence of osteoarthritis of the peripheral joints in European populations. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1996, 55, 659-661.</p><p>Radin E.L., Burr D.B., Caterson B. et al. Mechanical determinants of osteoarthritis. Semin. Arthritis Rheum., 1991, 21, suppl. 2, 1221.</p><p>Romagnoli E., Minisola S.,Camevale V. et al. Circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in perimenopausal women. Osteoporosis Int., 1994, 4, 305-308.</p><p>Rosner I.A., Goldberg V.M., Getzy L., Moskowitz R.W. Effects of estrogen on cartilage and experimentally induced osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum., 1979, 22, 52-58.</p><p>Rosner I.A., Malemud C.J., Goldberg V.M., et al. Phatologic and metabolic responces of experimental osteoarthritis to oestradiol and an oestradiol antagonist. Clin. Orthop., 1982, 171, 280-286.</p><p>Rosner l.A, Goldberg V.M, Moskowitz R.W. Estrogens and osteoarthritis. Clin. Orthop., 1986, 213, 77-83.</p><p>Ryan L.M., McCarty DJ. Calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition disease: pseudogout; articular chondrocalcinosis. In: McCarty D.J., Koopman W.J., Eds. Arthritis and allied conditions, 12th ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1993, 1835-1855.</p><p>Sheridan P.J., Aufdemorte T.B., Holt G.R. et al. Cartilage of the baboon cotains estrogen receptors. Rheumatol. Int., 1985. 5. 279-281.</p><p>Spector T.D., Champion G.C. Generalized osteoarthritis is a hormonally mediated disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989, 48,256-261.</p><p>Spector Т., Campion G.C. Generalized osteoarthritis is a hormonally mediated disease. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989, 48, 256-261.</p><p>Spector T.D., Hart D.J., Leedham-Green M. The prevalence of knee and hand osteoarthritis (OA) in the general population using different criteria: the Chingford Study. Arthritis Rheum., 1991, 34, 171.</p><p>Spector T.D., Dacre J.E., Harris P.A., Huskisson E.C. Radiological progression of osteoarthritis: an 11 -year follow-up study of the knee. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1992, 51, 1107-1110.</p><p>Spector T.D., Hart D.J., Byrne J. et al. Definition of osteoarthritis of the knee for epidemiological studies. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1993, 52, 790-794.</p><p>Spector T.D., Hart D.J., Doyle D.V. Incidence and progression of osteoarthritis in women with unilateral knee disease in die general population: the effect of obesity. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1994, 53, 565-568.</p><p>Spector T.D., Hochberg M.C. Methodological problems in the epidemiological study of osteoarthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1994, 53, 4346.</p><p>Spector T.D., Ciccuttini F., Baker J. et al. Genetic influences on osteoarthritis in females: a twin study. B.M.J., 1996, 312, 940-943.</p><p>Steven M.M. Prevalence of chronic arthritis in four geographical areas of the Scottish Highlands. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1992, 2, 186-194.</p><p>Stickler G.B., Belau P.G., Farrell F.J., Hayles A.C. Hereditary progressive arthroophthalmopathy. Mayo. Clin. Proc., 1965, 40, 433-435.</p><p>Tepper S., Hochberg M.C. Factors assosiated with hip osteoarthritis: data from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1). Am. J. Epidemiol., 1993, 137, 1081-1088.</p><p>Tsai C.L., Liu Т.К. Oestradiol- induced knee osteoarthritis in ovariectomized rabbits. Clin. Orthop., 1993, 291, 295-302.</p><p>Van Saase J.L.C.M, Vandenbroucke J.P., van Romunde L.K.J., Valkenburg H.A. Osteoarthritis and obesity in the general population. A relationship calling for an explanation. J. Rheumatol., 1988, 15, 1152-1158.</p><p>Van Saase J.L.C.M., van Romunde L.K.J., Cats A. et al. Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: Zoetermeer study. Comparison of radiological osteoarthritis in a Dutch population with that in 10 other populations. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1989, 48, 4, 271-280.</p><p>Williams C.J., Jimenez S.A. Heritable diseases of cartilage caused by mutations in the collagen genes. J. Rheumatol., 1995, 43, suppl. 1, 28-33.</p><p>Young P.C.M., Stack M.T. Estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors in adult canine articular cartilage. Arthritis Rheum., 1982, 25, 568-573.</p><p>Zhang Y.O., McAlindon Т., Hannan M.T. et al. A longitudinal study of the relation of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) to the risk of radiographic knee osteoarthritis. Abstracts of the ACR National Scientific Meeting, 1995.</p><p>Zitnan D„ Sitaj S. Chondroarticularis. Clinical and radiologic study. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 1963, 22, 142-169.</p></div><br />