T-regulatory cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis
https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2009-1313
Abstract
Способность иммунной системы дискриминировать между «своим» и «чужим» контролируется механизмами центральной и периферической толерантности. Это может быть элиминация аутореактивных клонов Т-клеток на ранних стадиях развития тимуса (центральная толерантность) или на периферии, при участии таких механизмов, как анергия, игнорирование и супрессия. Супрессию осуществляют субклассы CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов, которые образуются для подавления аутореактивных Т-лимфоцитов и названы регуляторными Т-клетками (Трег) [1-3].Известно три наиболее изученных субкласса CD4+ Т-клеток, ответственных за иммуносупрессию, которые включают Т-регуляторные клетки 1 класса (Tr1), Th3 и CD4+CD25+ Т-клетки. Тr1 продуцируют интерлейкин (ИЛ)-10, и могут быть индуцированы из CD4+ T клеток повторной антигенной стимуляцией в присутствии ИЛ-10 или незрелых дендритных клеток (ДК) [4]. Клетки Th3 секретируют трансформирующий фактор роста-β (ТФР-β) и неспецифически ингибируют эффект активированных Т-лимфоцитов [5].Ведущая роль среди клеток с регуляторной активностью принадлежит уникальной популяции Т-лимфоцитов CD4+CD25+, которые рождаются в тимусе и заселяют периферические лимфоидные органы в первые 3-4 дня неонатального развития. Эти клетки называют естественными регуляторными клетками (еТрег); они составляют 5-10% периферических CD4+ Т-клеток мыши и человека и подавляют активацию и эффекторные функции аутореактивных Т-клеток [6, 7]. Неонатальная тимэктомия на 3-й день после рождения препятствует расселению Трег на периферию и вызывает развитие органоспецифических аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких как тиреоидиты, оофориты, артриты, гломерулонефриты [8].
References
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Torgashina A.V., Biykovskaya S.Y., Soloviev S.K., Nasonov E.L. T-regulatory cells in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2009;47(3):50-59. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2009-1313
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