INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN 6 IN IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES: ACHIEVEMENTS, PROSPECTS, AND HOPES
https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2017-590-599
Abstract
Much attention has been recently paid to the study of interleukin 6 (IL-6) among the cytokines involved in the development of immune inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IIRDs). The introduction of monoclonal antibodies that inhibit the activity of IL-6 (tocilizumab, TCZ) in clinical practice in 2010 is one of the biggest advances in IIRD treatment in the early 21st century. IL-6 inhibition is now regarded as one of the most promising areas in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), many other inflammatory diseases, and malignant neoplasms. The data obtained in international studies are confirmed by extensive Russian experience with TCZ used to treat RA in the LORNET study that has established the rapid and steady-state clinical effect of the drug, better quality of life in the patients, slower progression of joint destruction, positive changes in the ultrasound signs of articular inflammation and in the immunological biomarkers of inflammatory activity and identified the immunological and immunogenetic predictors for the efficiency of the drug. There is recent evidence that TCZ is highly effective in treating large-vessel vasculitis – giant cell arteritis concurrent with polymyalgia rheumatica and Takayasu’s arteritis. Noteworthy are the achievements by the Russian scientists (BIOCAD) who have designed BCD-089 that is a human anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody. IL-6 inhibition is one of the most rapidly developing areas of pharmacotherapy for human IIRDs. Further deciphering the mechanisms determining the physiological and pathological effects of IL-6 along with the design of novel drugs that block the effects of this cytokine is of considerable importance for the progress of rheumatology and many other branches of modern medicine.
About the Authors
E. L. Nasonov
V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow;
I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow
Russian Federation
Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Professional Education
Russian Federation
Department of Rheumatology, Institute of Professional Education
A. M. Lila
V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Генно-инженерные биологические препараты в лечении ревматоидного артрита. Москва: ИМА-ПРЕСС; 2013. С. 549 [Nasonov EL, editor. Gennoinzhenernye biologicheskie preparaty v lechenii revmatoidnogo artrita [Genetically engineered biological agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. Moscow: IMA-PRESS; 2013. P. 549].
2. Siebert S, Tsoukas A, Robertson J, McInnes I. Cytokines as therapeutic targets in rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases. Pharmacol Rev. 2015;67(2):280-309.
3. doi: 10.1124/pr.114.009639
4. Baker KF, Isaacs JD. Novel therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: What can we learn from their use in rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Aug 1. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211555
5. Насонов ЕЛ. Фармакотерапия ревматоидного артрита: новая стратегия, новые мишени. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(4):409-19 [Nasonov EL. Pharmacotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis: New strategy, new targets. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(4):409-19 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-409-419
6. Hunter CA, Jones SA. IL-6 as a keystone cytokine in health and disease. Nat Immunol. 2015;15:448-57. doi: 10.1038/ni1117-1271b
7. Liu X, Jones GW, Choy EH, Jones SA. The biology behind interleukin-6 targeted interventions. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2016;28:152-60. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000255
8. Calabrese LH, Rose-John S. IL-6 biology: implications for clinical targeting in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2014;10:720-7. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.127
9. Насонов ЕЛ, Александрова ЕН, Авдеева АС, Панасюк ЕЮ. Ингибиция интерлейкина 6 – новые возможности фармакотерапии иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваний. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(4):416-27 [Nasonov EL, Aleksandrova EN, Avdeeva AS, Panasyuk EYu. Interleukin 6 inhibition: new possibilities of pharmacotherapy for immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(4):416-27 (In Russ.)].
10. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2013-1254
11. Rose-John S. The soluble interleukin-6 receptor and related proteins. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;29(5):787-97. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2015.07.001
12. Singh JA, Hossain A, Tanjong Ghogomu E, et al. Biologics or tofacitinib for rheumatoid arthritis in incomplete responders to methotrexate or other traditional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(5):CD012183.
13. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012
14. Singh JA, Hossain A, Tanjong Ghogomu E, et al. Biologics or tofacitinib for people with rheumatoid arthritis unsuccessfully treated with biologics: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD012591.
15. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012591
16. Tarp S, Furst DE, Dossing A, et al. Defining the optimal biological monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017;46(6):699-708. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.09.003
17. Masui-Ito A, Okamoto R, Ikejiri K, et al. Tocilizumab for uncontrollable systemic inflammatory response syndrome complicating adult-onset Still disease: Case report and review of literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(29):e7596. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000007596
18. Genovese MC, McKay JD, Nasonov EL, et al. Interleukin-6 receptor inhibition with tocilizumab reduces disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis with inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: the tocilizumab in combination with traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy study. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:2968-80. doi: 10.1002/art.23940
19. Насонов ЕЛ, редактор. Ревматология. Российские клинические рекомендации. Москва: ГЭОТАР-Медиа; 2017. 464 с. [Nasonov EL, editor. Revmatologiya. Rossiiskie klinicheskie rekomendatsii [Rheumatology. Russian Clinical Recommendations]. Moscow: GEOTAR-Media; 2017. 464 p.].
20. Панасюк ЕЮ, Амирджанова ВН, Александрова ЕН и др. Быстрый эффект тоцилизумаба при ревматоидном артрите. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;49(4):11-6 [Panasyuk EYu, Amirdzhanova VN, Aleksandrova EN, et al. Rapid effect of tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(4):11-6 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-55
21. Авдеева АС, Панасюк ЕЮ, Александрова ЕН, Насонов ЕЛ. Оценка клинической эффективности терапии тоцилизумабом с использованием индексов DAS 28, SDAI, CDAI и новых критериев ремиссии EULAR/ACR 2011 г.
22. у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2012;50(2):20-4 [Avdeyeva AS, Panasyuk EYu, Aleksandrova EN, Nasonov EL. Evaluation of the clinical efficiency of tocilizumab therapy, by using DAS 28, SDAI, CDAI indices and new 2011 EULAR/ACR remission criteria in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2012;50(2):20-4 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2012-1268
23. Насонов ЕЛ, Панасюк ЕЮ, Булдаков СГ и др. Эффективность и безопасность тоцилизумаба при ревматоидном артрите (промежуточные результаты российского многоцентрового исследования). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2010;48(2):21-9 [Nasonov EL, Panasyuk EYu, Buldakov SG, et al. The efficiency and safety of tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis (intermediate results of a Russian multicenter study). Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2010;48(2):21-9 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2010-1412
24. Панасюк ЕЮ, Амирджанова ВН, Авдеева АС и др. Опыт применения тоцилизумаба у больных ревматоидным артритом (по данным многоцентрового исследования ЛОРНЕТ). Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(2):104-10 [Panasyuk EYu, Amirdzhanova VN, Avdeyeva AS, et al. Experience with tocilizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (according to the data of the LORNET multi-center trial). Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(2):104-10 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2013-635
25. Старкова АС, Амирджанова ВН, Авдеева АС и др. Влияние терапии тоцилизумабом на усталость у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2012;50(3):33-7 [Starkova AS, Amirdzhanova VN, Avdeyeva AS, et al. Impact of tocilizumab therapy on fatigue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2012;50(3):33-7 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2012-706
26. Авдеева АС, Смирнов АВ, Панасюк ЕЮ и др. Влияние терапии тоцилизумабом на прогрессирование деструкции суставов у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2012;50(5):25-9 [Avdeeva AS, Smirnov AV, Panasyuk EYu, et al. Impact of tocilizumab therapy on structural joint damage progression in rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2012;50(5):25-9 (In Russ.)].
27. doi: 10.14412/1995-4
28. Осипянц РА, Каратеев ДЕ, Панасюк ЕЮ и др. Значение ультразвуковых индексов для оценки активности ревматоидного артрита и эффективности терапии тоцилизумабом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(4):383-6 [Osipyants RA, Karateev DE, Panasyuk EYu, et al. Value of ultrasound indices for the assessment of rheumatoid arthritis activity and tocilizumab therapy efficiency. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(4):383-6. (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2013-1248
29. Осипянц РА, Каратеев ДЕ, Панасюк ЕЮ и др. Оценка эффективности терапии тоцилизумабом у пациентов
30. с ревматоидным артритом по данным ультразвукового исследования и рентгенографии. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(1):38-43 [Osipyants RA, Karateev DE, Panasyuk EYu, et al. Evaluation of the efficiency of tocilizumab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis by ultrasound and X-ray data. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(1):38-43 (In Russ.)].
31. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2013-1199
32. Осипянц РА, Каратеев ДЕ, Панасюк ЕЮ и др. Оценка ультразвуковых критериев ремиссии у пациентов
33. с ревматоидным артритом на фоне терапии тоцилизумабом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(5):500-6 [Osipyants RA, Karateev DE, Panasyuk EYu, et al. Evaluation of ultrasound remission criteria in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during tocilizumab therapy. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(5):500-6 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2013-1540
34. Авдеева АС, Александрова ЕН, Панасюк ЕЮ и др. Влияние терапии тоцилизумабом на иммунологические показатели
35. у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2012;50(3):25-32 [Avdeyeva AS,
36. Aleksandrova EN, Panasyuk EYu, et al. Impact of tocilizumab therapy on immunological parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2012;50(3):25-32 (In Russ.)].
37. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2012-705
38. Александрова ЕН, Панасюк ЕЮ, Авдеева АС и др. Динамика лабораторных биомаркеров у больных ревматоидным артритом на фоне терапии тоцилизумабом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2011;49(3):14-9 [Aleksandrova EN, Panasyuk EYu, Avdeyeva AS, et al. Time course of changes in laboratory biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis during tocilizumab therapy. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2011;49(3):14-9 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2011-567
39. Авдеева АС, Александрова ЕН, Новиков АА и др. Взаимосвязь клинической эффективности терапии тоцилизумабом с уровнем матриксной металлопротеиназы-3 в сыворотке крови у больных ревматоидным артритом. Терапевтический архив. 2013;(5):24-9 [Avdeeva AS, Aleksandrova EN, Novikov AA, et al. The relationship between the clinical efficacy of tocilizumab therapy and the level of matrix metalloproteinase-3 in serum in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Terapevticheskii Arkhiv. 2013;(5):24-9 (In Russ.)].
40. Авдеева АС, Новиков АА, Александрова ЕН и др. Значение показателей цитокинового профиля при оценке эффективности терапии моноклональными антителами
41. к рецепторам интерлейкина-6 при ревматоидном артрите. Клиническая медицина. 2014;(1):28-34 [Avdeeva AS,
42. Novikov AA, Aleksandrova EN, et al. The value of cytokine profile in evaluating the effectiveness of monoclonal antibodies to interleukin-6 receptors in rheumatoid arthritis. Klinicheskaya Meditsina. 2014;(1):28-34 (In Russ.)].
43. Гусева ИА, Панасюк ЕЮ, Сорока НЕ и др. Ассоциативная взаимосвязь генетических маркеров с эффективностью лечения ревматоидного артрита тоцилизумабом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2013;51(4):377-82 [Guseva IA, Panasyuk EYu, Soroka NE, et al. Association of genetic markers with the efficiency of tocilizumab treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2013;51(4):377-82 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2013-1247
44. Авдеева АС, Александрова ЕН, Панасюк ЕЮ и др. Сравнительная оценка клинической эффективности терапии тоцилизумабом и ритуксимабом у больных ревматоидным артритом. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2012;50(4):49-56 [Avdeyeva AS, Aleksandrova EN, Panasyuk EYu, et al. Evaluation of the clinical efficiency of tocilizumab versus rituximab therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2012;50(4):49-56 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2012-1112
45. Авдеева АС, Александрова ЕН, Новиков АА и др. Сравнение влияния терапии ритуксимабом и тоцилизумабом на активность и лабораторные показатели у больных ревматоидным артритом. Клиническая фармакология и терапия. 2014;(1):25-32 [Avdeeva AS, Aleksandrova EN, Novikov AA, et al. Comparison of the effect of rituximab and tocilizumab on activity and laboratory parameters in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya i Terapiya. 2014;(1):25-32 (In Russ.)].
46. Сатыбалдыев АМ, Сатыбалдыева МА, Насонов ЕЛ. Тоцилизумаб в лечении ревматической полимиалгии
47. и гигантоклеточного артериита. Клиническая фармакология и фармакотерапия. 2017;26(1):47-53 [Satybaldyev AM, Satybaldyeva MA, Nasonov EL. Tocilizumab in the treatment of rheumatic polymyalgia and giant cell arteritis. Klinicheskaya Farmakologiya i Terapiya. 2017;26(1):47-53 (In Russ.)].
48. Бекетова ТВ, Насонов ЕЛ. Инновационные методы лечения артериита Такаясу: в фокусе ингибиторы интерлейкина 6. Собственный опыт применения тоцилизумаба и обзор литературы. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(5):536-48 [Beketova TV, Nasonov EL. Innovative treatments for Takayasu’s arteritis: A focus on interleukin-6 inhibitors. The authors’ experience with tocilizumab and a review of literature. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(5):536-48 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-536-548
49. Koster MJ, Matteson EL, Warrington KJ. Recent advances in the clinical management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2016;28:2111-217. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0000000000000265
50. Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of Tocilizumab in Giant-Cell Arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(4):317-28.
51. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1613849
52. Toussirot E, Regent A, Devauchelle-Pensec V, et al. Interleukin-6: a promising target for the treatment of polymyalgia rheumatica or giant cell arteritis? RMD Open. 2016;2(2):e000305.
53. doi: 10.1136/rmdopen-2016-000305
54. Ананьева ЛП. Перспективы применения тоцилизумаба при системной склеродермии. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2015;53(6):632-40 [Ananyeva LP. Prospects for using tocilizumab in systemic sclerosis. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2015;53(6):632-40 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2015-632-640
55. Sakkas LI. Spotlight on tocilizumab and its potential in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016;10:2723-8. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S99696
56. Khanna D, Denton CP, Jahreis A, et al. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab in adults with systemic sclerosis (faSScinate): a phase 2, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10038):2630-40. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00232-4
57. Khanna D, Denton CP, Lin CJ, et al. Safety and efficacy of subcutaneous tocilizumab in systemic sclerosis: results from the open-label period of a phase II randomised controlled trial (faSScinate). Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Oct 24. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211682
58. Raimondo MG, Biggioggero M, Crotti C, et al. Profile of sarilumab and its potential in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2017;11:1593-603. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S100302
59. June RR, Olsen NJ. Room for more IL-6 blockade? Sarilumab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2016;16(10):1303-9. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2016.1217988
60. Pelechas E, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. Sirukumab: a promising therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2017;17(6):755-763. doi: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1315099
61. Tanaka Y, Martin Mola E. IL-6 targeting compared to TNF targeting in rheumatoid arthritis: studies of olokizumab, sarilumab and sirukumab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1595-7.
62. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205002
63. Taylor PC, Schiff M, Wang Q, et al. Efficacy and safety of monotherapy with sirukumab, an anti-IL-6 cytokine monoclonal antibody, compared with adalimumab monotherapy in biologic-naive patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: results of a global, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3 study. Arthritis Rheum. 2016;68:abstr 3222.
64. Peterson S, Pacou M, Belhadi D, et al. Network meta-analysis to assess the relative efficacy of sirukumab, an anti-IL-6 cytokine monoclonal antibody, in combination therapy for patients with active rheumatoid arthritis despite conventional dmards [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2016; 68 Suppl 10.
65. Emery P, van Hoogstraten H, Jayawardena S, et al. Efficacy of Sarilumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who previously received Sarilumab or Tocilizumab [abstract]. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69 Suppl 10.
66. Nam JL, Takase-Minegishi K, Ramiro S, et al. Efficacy of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: a systematic literature review informing the 2016 update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76(6):1113-36. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210713
67. Насонов ЕЛ, Мазуров ВИ, Усачева ЮВ и др. Разработки отечественных оригинальных генно-инженерных биологических препаратов для лечения иммуновоспалительных ревматических заболеваний. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(2):201-10 [Nasonov EL, Mazurov VI, Usacheva YuV, et al. Developments of Russian original biological agents for the treatment of immunoinflammatory rheumatic diseases. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(2):201-10 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-201-210
68. O’Shea JJ, Laurence A, McInnes IB. Back to the future: oral targeted therapy for RA and other autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2013;9:173-82. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2013.7
69. Насонов ЕЛ. Новые подходы к фармакотерапии ревматоидного артрита: тофацитиниб. Научно-практическая ревматология. 2014;52(2):209-21 [Nasonov EL. New approaches to pharmacotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis: tofacitinib. Nauchno-Prakticheskaya Revmatologiya = Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2014;52(2):209-21 (In Russ.)]. doi: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-209-221
70. Aringer M. Janus kinase inhibitors clear to land. Rheumatology. 2017. doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex217
71. Thomas S, Fisher KH, Snowden JA, et al. Methotrexate Is a JAK/STAT Pathway Inhibitor. PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0130078. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130078
72. Nishina N, Kameda H, Kaneko Y, et al. Interleukin-6 as a bio-marker for the clinical and radiological effectiveness of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis. 2012 ACR/ARHP Annual Meeting, November 9–14, 2012 Washington, DC; abst 2119.
73. Behrens EM, Koretzky GA. Review: Cytokine Storm Syndrome: Looking Toward the Precision Medicine Era. Arthritis Rheum. 2017;69(6):1135-43. doi: 10.1002/art.40071
74. Павлова АА, Масчан МА, Пономарев ВБ. Адоптивная иммунотерапия генетически модифицированными Т-лимфоцитами, экспрессирующими химерные антигенные рецепторы. Онкогематология. 2017;12(1):17 [Pavlova AA, Maschan MA, Ponomarev VB. Adoptive immunotherapy with genetically modified T-lymphocytes expressing chimeric antigenic receptors. Onkogematologiya. 2017;12(1):17 (In Russ.)].
75. doi: 10.1765-.1818-8346-2017-12-1-17-32.
76. Rossig C. CAR T cell immunotherapy in hematology and beyond. Clin Immunol. 2017. Available online 17 Sept 2017; doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.09.016
77. Kim ST, Tayar J, Trinh VA, et al. Successful treatment of arthritis induced by checkpoint inhibitors with tocilizumab: a case series. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Aug 22. doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-211560
78. Van der Vlist M, Kuball J, Radstake TR, Meyaard L. Immune checkpoints and rheumatic diseases: what can cancer immunotherapy teach us? Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12(10):593-604. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.131
79. Rose-John S. The soluble interleukin 6 receptor: advanced therapeutic options in inflammation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2017;102(4):591-8. doi: 10.1002/cpt.782
Review
For citations:
Nasonov E.L., Lila A.M. INHIBITION OF INTERLEUKIN 6 IN IMMUNE INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES: ACHIEVEMENTS, PROSPECTS, AND HOPES. Rheumatology Science and Practice. 2017;55(6):590-599. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.14412/1995-4484-2017-590-599
Views:
13948
Email this article 