Аваскулярный некроз костной ткани: определение, эпидемиология, виды, факторы риска, патогенез заболевания. Аналитический обзор литературы

Аваскулярный некроз (АН) костной ткани является распространенной патологией, которой страдают люди любого возраста, чаще молодые и трудоспособные. Заболевание приводит к быстрому разрушению субхондральной кости и коллапсу с последующим развитием вторичного остеоартрита (ОА) пораженного сустава.

Целью данной обзорной статьи является представление накопленных знаний о распространенности АН, наиболее частых его локализациях, факторах риска и патогенезе заболевания. Поскольку в большинстве мировых источников литературы представлены знания об отдельных звеньях патогенеза АН, в этой статье выполнен анализ всех известных путей развития заболевания – от начала ишемии до коллапса и развития вторичного ОА, и патогенез представлен в хронологическом порядке. По результатам статьи предложено определение термина АН и выделены стадии развития заболевания, наиболее перспективные для консервативных методов лечения.

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